虚拟语气语法

1、Subjunctive Mood虚拟语气虚拟语气 虚拟语气表示说话人的某种假设、虚拟语气表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义，即愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现或不可能实现 。虚拟语气虚拟语气(The Subjective Mood) If I were you, I would give it up.If it rained/should rain/ were to rain tomorrow, I would not go.If I had followed your advice, I would

2、have succeeded. 条件条件从句从句If 从句从句的谓语形的谓语形式式主句主句的谓语形式的谓语形式现在现在过去过去将来将来did/ werehad donewould/could/should/might +V (原原)would/could/should/ might + have done1.did/were2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V. (原原)一一). If条件状语从句中条件状语从句中虚拟语气的用法。虚拟语气的用法。I wish I a bird.wereI wish/wished （没吃

3、没吃) so much watermelon.I hadnt eatenI wish it would rain tomorrow.二二). 虚拟语气在虚拟语气在宾语从句中宾语从句中的用法的用法1. wish 的的宾语从句宾语从句主语主语+did /were 现在现在主语主语+had done 过去过去主语主语+would/could/might +do 将来将来should2. would rather (that)I would rather you paid me now.I would rather you had attended the meeting yesterday.Dont

4、 come. I would rather you came tomorrow.主语主语+did /were现在现在 /将来将来 主语主语+had done 过去过去 The doctor suggested that he (should) try to lose his weight.He insisted that we (should ) tell him the news.3. 表示要求表示要求,命令命令,建议的虚拟语气。从句中建议的虚拟语气。从句中使使用用“（should） + 动词原形动词原形”的结构。的结构。宾语从句宾语从句中常见动词中常见动词: 一个坚持一个坚持, 两个命令两

5、个命令, 三个建议三个建议, 四个要求。即四个要求。即1). insist 2). order, command 3). advise, suggest, propose4). demand, require, request, ask三）三）. 凡是与凡是与“表示要求表示要求,命令命令,建议建议”意义意义相同相同的词，用于的词，用于名词性从句名词性从句（主语从句，主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句）中均）中均要使用虚拟语气要使用虚拟语气“should +动词原形动词原形”结结构构My demand is that she should come to se

6、e me once a week.All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.Its required that the students should learn a foreign language. as if /though She loves the baby as if it were her own son.I remembered the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday. （让步状语从句）（让步状语从句）It se

7、ems as if it were spring.（表语从句）（表语从句）主语主语+did /were 现在现在主语主语+had done 过去过去主语主语+would/ could/might +do 将来将来四）四）as if/ though引导的从句的虚拟用法引导的从句的虚拟用法1. Without air, there would be no living things.2. I was ill that day .Otherwise / Or, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.3. But for your help, I

8、wouldnt have finished the work so soon.4. With a million dollars, what would you do?注意：注意： Otherwise / Or前面的一个句子表示前面的一个句子表示真实的，该是什么时态就用什么时态；但真实的，该是什么时态就用什么时态；但后面的句子必须用虚拟语气。后面的句子必须用虚拟语气。He _ (打电话打电话) to inform me of your birthday yesterday , or I _ (会知道会知道) nothing about it .telephonedwould have know

9、n 五）五）含蓄条件句含蓄条件句 有时为了表达的需要有时为了表达的需要,在虚拟语气中并不在虚拟语气中并不总是出现总是出现if引导的条件句引导的条件句,而通过其他手段来而通过其他手段来代替条件句代替条件句.常用的介词或短语有：常用的介词或短语有：without，with, or, otherwise，but for(要不是要不是)等。虚等。虚拟语气的形式和拟语气的形式和if的主句的主句相同。相同。would/could/might/should do (现在现在,将来将来) would/could/might/should have done(过去）过去） 六）错综时间条件句六）错综时间条件句

10、： 当条件当条件从句从句谓语动词发生的时间与谓语动词发生的时间与主句主句的谓语动词所发生的时间不一致时的谓语动词所发生的时间不一致时, 叫叫做做“错综条件虚拟语气句错综条件虚拟语气句”。主句和从主句和从句的谓语动词要依照各自假设的时间而句的谓语动词要依照各自假设的时间而定。定。If you had listened to me, you wouldnt be in such trouble now.If I were you, I would have taken his advice.1. If you were older , I _ you to go there yesterday .

11、 A. will allow B. should allow C. would have allowed D. would allow2. If you _（努力学习）（努力学习）before, you _（就是）（就是）a college student now.（study， be）had studied hardwould be Its (about/high) time that sb过去式过去式 或或Should(不省不省) +V.Its high time that you went.=Its high time that you should go.Its time that w

12、e went to bed.=Its time that we should go to bed. 七七). 表示表示“是某人该做某事的时候了是某人该做某事的时候了”的句型的句型八八). If only 引导的感叹句，表引导的感叹句，表“要是要是就好就好了了”其虚拟语气的构成与其虚拟语气的构成与wish后的宾语从句后的宾语从句相同。相同。If only If only I were a bird! If only I hadnt eaten so much watermelon If only we had followed your advice! If only it would rain tomorrow.主语主语+did /were 现在现在 主语主语+had done 过去过去主语主语+would/could/might +do 将来将来九）九）. Its vital/ essential/ strange/ natural/ important/ necessary/ impossible that从从句中要用虚拟语气句中要用虚拟语气, 即即:should+ v(原形原形) It is