江苏省镇江市2018届高三第一次模拟考试英语试卷(有答案)

1、镇江市2018届期末测试高三英语试卷注意：本试卷分第i卷（选择题）和第ii卷（非选择题）两部分。两部分答案都做在答题纸上。总分为120分。考试时间120分钟。第I卷（选择题共85分）第一部分：听力（共两节，满分20分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. WhomightJennybe?C. The woma

2、n ' s granddaughter.C. Classical piano music.C. In Spain.C. Go home.C. By listening to lectures.A.Theman'ssecretary.B.Thewoman'snurse.2. Whattypeofmusicarethespeakersprobablylisteningto?A.Hardrockmusic.B.Louddancemusic.3. Wherearethespeakers?A.IntheUnitedStates.B.InGermany.4. Whatdoesthe

3、womanwanttodofirst?A.Getsomemoney.B.Mailaletter.5. Howisthewomanlearningaboutcomputers?A.Fromatextbook.B.Byusingacomputer.第二节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的做答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听下面一段对话，回答第6至7题。6. Whycan'tthewoma

4、nread?A.Shecaughtacold.B.Themanismakingnoises.C.Sheistiredfromwakingupearly.7. Wholockedthemanout?C. The man ' s pet dog.C. The sandwich.C. By letting him watch TV.C. At Hill and Dale.C. Food.C. A training session.A.Acat.B.Thewoman.听下面一段对话，回答第8至9题。8. Whatdoestheboyrefusetohaveatfirst?A.Thefruit.

5、B.Somemilk.9. Howdoesthewomangettheboytoeat?A.Bytrickinghim.B.Bygivinghimcandy.听下面一段对话，回答第10至12题。10. Wheredidthemanlastwork?A.AtDonutDelight.B.AtAl'sGarage.11. Whatdoesthewoman'scompanyith?A.Salespeopletraining.B.Furniture.12. Whattypeofmeetingarethespeakershaving?A.Ajobinterview.B.Asalesmee

6、ting.听下面一段对话，回答第 13至16题。13. Wherearethespeakers?C. On the street.C. It has broken down.C. Her son.s windowContinue his drive to town.A.Insidethenewmall.B.Inaparkinglot.14. Whatcanwelearnaboutthewoman'scar?A.It'ssilver.B.Ithastwodoors.15. Whohelpedthewomanfindherphonebook?A.James.B.Bianca.16.

7、 Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Continuewalkingtotown.B.Fixthewoman听下面一段独白，回答第17至20题。17. HowmuchnaturalscenerycanbefoundinBerlin?A. Aroundhalfofthetotalarea.B. Aboutonethirdofthetotalarea.C. Aboutonefifthofthetotalarea.18. WhatcanwelearnabouttransportationinBerlin?A. Therearen'nymlaoices.B. Many

8、peopleusebicyclestogetaround.C. Carsarepopularbuttrainsarepreferred.19. WhatmakesBerlinadesirablelocationforinternationalfilmproductions?A.Thenaturalscenery.B.Thehistoricspots.C.Itsurbansetting.20. WhathasdevelopedinthelastdecadeinBerlin?A. Filmfestivals.B. Orchestrasanduniversities.C. Amusic,dance,

9、andartscene.第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分35分）第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项21. Thereisonlyonewaytohappinessandthatistoworryingaboutthingswhicharebeyondthepowerofourwill.A.ceaseB.recallC.acknowledgeD.guarantee22. Between2014and2017,courtsnationwide1,529casesinwhichdefen

10、dantswereaccusedofusingtheInternettointerferewithaperson'sprivacy.A.haveheardB.hadheardC.havebeenhearingD.heard23. ToweringoverthesurroundingbuildingstheSuningskyscraper,whichreachesnearly400metersinheight,makingitanewlandmarkofZhenjiang.A.areB.hasC.isD.have24. Therecently-releasedmovieYouththem

11、emories,goodandbad,ofthosewhowerebornaroundthe60softhelastcentury.A.callsupB.stepsupC.keepsupD.makesup25. Volunteersandcharities,aswellasmanychurches,arrangemealsforthehomelessandthosewhootherwisebealoneonChristmasDay.A.canB.shouldC.wouldD.may26. Sincelivestreamingplatformsaremuchofoureconomy'sv

12、alueiscreated,anythingthatimprovesthemmattersalotfortheneweconomy'sorallhealth.A.whenB.whereC.whatD.that27. 一ThisisthethirdtimeheforhisvoluntaryworkfortheRedCross.-Nowonderheissoexcited!A.haspraisedB.hadbeenpraisedC.hasbeenpraisedD.hadpraised28. Whattowearinwinter?Thelookofqueensandprincessesaro

13、undtheworldmaygiveyousome,whichareelegantandalsoattainable.A.interpretationsB.inspirationsC.innovationsD.invitations29. AreportfindsmillionsofchildrenstillaremissingoutonthebenefitsofferedbytheInternetandcallsontheseinequalities.A.tobeaddressedB.addressingC.beingaddressedD.toaddress30. Scienceinvolv

14、esimaginationandcreativethinkingsoastoestablishscientifictheories.,Einsteinisoneofthemostoutstandingscientists.A.InthiscaseB.BythismeansC.WiththismethodD.Inthisregard31. WeseeJesusinthechildrenofunemployedparents,struggletooffertheirchildrenasecureandpeacefulfuture.A.whoseB.whomC.thatD.who32. Mancan

15、notdiscovernewoceanshehasthecouragetolosesightoftheshore.A.ifB.unlessC.whenD.since33. 一She'sfailedhertestaga一!Let'sgoandgiveherahand.A.WhatareliefB.ShedeservesitC.WhatashameD.Shesaidit34. Tobe,theyhavetothinkaboutthefutureanddealwiththeproblemsinvolvingwastewater.A.sustainableB.authenticC.cr

16、iticalD.innocent35. Ifhedoesyouafavor,youshoulddohimafavor.一Sure.A.TwoheadsarebetterthanoneB.Shortaccountsmakelongfriends.C.ManyhandsmakelightworkD.Onegoodturndeservesanother.第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。ALetterfromEarthDearHomoSapiens,Asyoumarkoffano

17、ther“EarthDay"inyourcale36ars,thatforatleast24hoursIremainedinyourthoughts,IwantedtoremindyouthatIamsick.I'mrightenedthat37Ican'stoonreceivetheappropriatemedicineandcareIneed,myillnesswillbecometerminal38allcures.So,Iamaskingforyourhelp!Geologists（地质学家）39thatIhavebeenin40for4.5billionye

18、ars.CurrentestimatesshowthatIhavegivenahometoapproximately8.7milliondifferent_41_Currentlyover7.4billionofmyinhabitants（居民）areonespecies42,you,orHomoSapienstobemoreprecise.Inmillenniagoneby,welivedin43withoneanother.Yourancestorswouldtakeonlywhattheyneededfrommeandinreturnnurtureandprotectmyfragilee

19、nvironment.Likeaproudparent,Ihavewatchedinwonderasyou44inabilitiesandintellect.Youhavetravelledtoouterspace,developedmedicalcuresforthemosttroublesomeillnesses,builtgreatcitiesand_45technologyButatwhatcost?DidIdosomethingto46you?Wasthereapointinourmutual（相互的）historywhereyou47thatwewerenolongerequals

20、?AmIonlynowacommoditytoyou?Whywouldyoupollutemyriversandoceans?Whywouldyou48poisonoussmokesintoourenvironment,causingmeto49?Surelyyouwouldnotdothisintentionally;itwouldmakeno50.Idon'wishtobelievethatyouhavebecomeincreasingly51.Iwouldliketothinkthatyouhave52lostyourway,53otherspecieshavebeforeyou

21、.Ihavefaiththatlikea54teenager,youjustneedtheopportunitytoreturnhomeandvisitforawhile.Manyofyouhavebeguntorecyclethewasteyouconsumeandlookat55methodsofrenewableenergy.Ifyouarenotoneofthesepeopleyet,thenIwouldencourageyoutobemindfulofme.Yourfriend,alwaysEarth36.A.worriedB.contentC.shockedD.anxious37.

22、A.whenB.thoughC.ifD.unless38.A.withinB.againstC.underD.beyond39.A.countB.warnC.decideD.estimate40.A.existenceB.placeC.conditionD.danger41.A.organizationsB.friendsC.speciesD.pioneers42.A.inparticularB.byaccidentC.incontrolD.atpresent43.A.agreementB.harmonyC.comparisonD.line44.A.evolvedB.believedC.dec

23、reasedD.withdrew45.A.understoodB.analyzedC.abandonedD.mastered46.A.displeaseB.satisfyC.exploreD.improve47.A.promisedB.decidedC.complainedD.remembered48.A.reasonB.deliverC.pumpD.persuade49.A.breakupB.heatupC.comeupD.wrapup50.A.differenceB.profitC.senseD.progress51.A.greedyB.disappointedC.respectableD

24、.envious52.A.permanentlyB.logicallyC.temporarilyD.surprisingly53.A.becauseB.asC.butD.for54.A.confidentB.troublesomeC.mistakenD.shy55.A.changeableB.validC.productiveD.alternative第三部分：阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2夕满分30分）请认真阅读卜列短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项，并在答题纸上将该项涂黑。ARBCRoyal BankCanadaApprentice（学徒）LoanBasicsR

25、BCTheCanadaApprenticeLoanisavailabletohelpregisteredRedSealapprenticescoverthecostoftheirtraining.Whatyouneedtoknow TheGovernmentofCanadaoffersapprenticesregisteredinaRedSealTradeapprenticeshipprogramupto$4,000perperiodoftechnicaltraining. YoucangetCanadaApprenticeLoansforupto5periodsoftechnicaltrai

26、ning. Yourloanwillbeinterest-freeforupto6yearsaslongasyouareconfirmedasbeingregistered in a Red Seal Trade apprenticeship program. You do not have to make any loan payments as long as your loan is in interest-free status.日igibilityTobeeligible,youmustmeetallofthesecriteria: beaCanadianCitizen,Perman

27、entResident,orProtectedPerson; beregisteredinaRedSealTradeapprenticeshipprogramthatisdesignatedbytheprovinceorterritorywhereyouareregisteredasanapprentice; beenrolledinblockreleasetechnicaltrainingortheequivalentfull-timetechnicaltrainingwithanapprovedtechnicaltrainingprovider;and passacreditcheck（r

28、equiredifyouareapplyingforthefirsttime）.Youarenoteligibleifyou: areahighschoolstudent; areanapprenticeregisteredintheprovinceofQuebec; arereceivingaCanadaStudentLoanforthesametechnicaltraining; havebeentoldthatyouarerestrictedfromreceivingaCanadaApprenticeLoanoraCanadaStudentLoan; havealreadyreceive

29、dfundingfor5periodsoftechnicaltraining;or havealreadyreceived6yearsofinterest-freestatus.56.WhowillfailtogetCanadaApprenticeLoansaccordingtothepassage?A.AnapprenticewhousedtostudyintheprovinceofQuebec.B. AnapprenticewhogottheCanadianCitizenshipthreeyearsago.C. Anapprenticewhohasbeenfundedfortechnica

30、ltrainingthreetimes.D. Anapprenticewhoislookingforanapprovedtechnicaltrainingprovider.57.Thepurposeoftheadvertisementisintendedto.A. promotethebusinessofCanadianbanksB. helpstudentsinneedcompletetheirstudiesC. recruitmoreapprenticesforCanadiancompaniesD. provideapprenticeswithfundtoreceivetechnicalt

31、rainingBInsports,sometimesaplayerhastotakeonefortheteam.Thesameappearstobetrueintheplantworld,wherereducedindividualgrowthcanbenefitthebroadercommunity.ThefindingsfromtheUniversityofMichigan'sPaulGlaumandAndrofCornellUniversityhelpexplainthepersistence（持续存在）ofsomeplantcommunitieswhentheorypredic

32、tstheyshouldgoextinct（绝种的）.“Welookedathowchemicaldefensecues（信号）fromplants,meanttopreventherbivores（食草动物）,canalsopreventpollinators,“saidGlaum,adoctoralstudentintheU-MDepartmentofEcologyandEvolutionaryBiology."Thesurprisingmodelresultisthatwhilethiscanleadtofitnesslossesforindividuals,thepopula

33、tioneffectscanbepositiveforpollinatorsandplantsundersomecircumstances.”Manyplants,includingthewildtomatospeciesusedinthisstudy,producechemicalcompoundstorepel（排斥）insectpestsandotherhungryherbivores.Butthosesamechemicaldefensescanreducethenumberofvisitstotheplantbypollinatorssuchasbees,resultinginles

34、spollinationofindividualplantsanddecreasedgrowth.“Biologistshavepuzzledoverhowsuchacostlydefensemechanism（机制）canbemaintainedintheseplantpopulations,Glaumsaid."Howwouldaplantpopulationwithsuchastrategypersist?GlaumandKessler高考，信息developedacomputermodelshowingthatdecreasedgrowthofindividualplants

35、canbenefitoverallpopulationsandcommunityresilience（恢复力）byindirectlycontrollingherbivorepopulationgrowth.Theresultsintroducemechanismsofpersistenceintocommunitiespreviouslyfoundtobeprone（易于遭受的）toextinctionintheoreticalmodels.Tomatoesandotherplantsproducerepellentchemicalscalledvolatile（易挥发的）organicco

36、mpoundsinresponsetoherbivoreattacks.Thepresenceoftheseso-calledherbivore-inducedvolatileorganiccompoundscanmaketheplantlessattractivetopollinators,whichcanreducepollendeposition（沉淀物）andnegativelyaffectindividualplants,aneffectknownasherbivore-inducedpollinatorlimitation.Previousmodelingstudieshavelo

37、okedatthedirecteffectsofherbivoryonathree-speciescommunity:floweringplant,pollinatorandherbivore.Someofthosestudiespredictedextinctionsbecausegrowingherbivorepopulationswouldreducethenumberofplants,limitingresourcesavailabletopollinators.Inresponse,thepollinatorpopulationwoulddecline,loweringplantre

38、production.58. Accordingtothepassage,thepersistenceofsomeplantcommunitiesmaydependon.A. chemical defenses of plantsC. reduced chemical compoundsB. increased individual growthD. defense mechanisms of pollinators59. TheunderlinedwordpollinatorinParagraph2probablyreferstoA. a kind of insects that help

39、plants reproduceC. a process of forming a plant community 60. Volatile organic compounds are.A. less attractive to pollinatorsC. known as herbivore-induced pollinator limitationB. a kind of animals that eat plantsD. a chemical that does harm to plantsB. able to have negative effects on individual pl

40、antsD. chemicals produced by plants to attract herbivoresCMostofusarealreadyawareofthedirecteffectwehaveonourfriendsandfamily.Butwerarelyconsiderthateverythingwethink,feel,do,orsaycanspreadfarbeyondthepeopleweknow.Conversely（相反地），ourfriendsandfamilyserveasconduits（渠道）forustobeinfluencedbyhundredsore

41、venthousandsofotherpeople.Inakindofsocialchainreaction,wecanbedeeplyaffectedbyeventswedonotwitnessthathappentopeoplewedonotknow.Aspartofasocialnetwork,wegobeyondourselves,forgoodorill,andbecomeapartofsomethingmuchlarger.Ourconnectednesscarrieswithitfundamentalimplications（影响）forthewayweunderstandthe

42、humancondition.Socialnetworkshavevaluepreciselybecausetheycanhelpustoachievewhatwecouldnotachieveonourown.Yet,social-networkeffectsarenotalwayspositive.Depression,obesity,financialpanic,andviolencealsospread.Socialnetworks,itturnsout,tendtomagnify（放大）whatevertheyareseededwith.Partlyforthisreason,soc

43、ialnetworksarecreative.Andwhatthesenetworkscreatedoesnotbelongtoanyoneindividualitissharedbyallthoseinthenetwork.Inthisway,asocialnetworkislikeacommonlyownedforest:weallstandtobenefitfromit,butwealsomustworktogethertoensureitremainshealthyandproductive.Whilesocialnetworksarefundamentallyanddistincti

44、velyhuman,andcanbeseeneverywhere,theyshouldnotbetakenforgranted.Ifyouarehappierorricherorhealthierthanothers,itmayhavealottodowithwhereyouhappentobeinthenetwork,evenifyoucannotrecognizeyourownlocation.Anditmayhavealottodowiththeoverallstructureofthenetwork,evenifyoucannotcontrolthatstructureatall.An

45、dinsomecases,theprocessfeedsbacktothenetworkitself.Apersonwithmanyfriendsmaybecomerichandthenattractevenmorefriends.Thisrich-get-richerdynamicmeanssocialnetworkscandramaticallyreinforcetwodifferentkindsofinequalityinoursociety:situationalinequalityandpositionalinequality.Lawmakershavenotyetconsidere

46、dtheconsequencesofpositionalinequality.Still,understandingthewayweareconnectedisanessentialstepincreatingamorejustsocietyandincarryingoutpublicpoliciesaffectingeverythingfrompublichealthtotheeconomy.Wemightbebetteroffvaccinating（接种疫苗）centrallylocatedindividualsratherthanweakindividuals.Wemightbebett

47、eroffhelpinginterconnectedgroupsofpeopletoavoidcriminalbehaviorratherthanpreventingorpunishingcrimesoneatatime.Ifwewanttounderstandhowsocietyworks,weneedtofillinthemissinglinksbetweenindividuals.Weneedtounderstandhowinterconnectionsandinteractionsbetweenpeoplegiverisetowhollynewaspectsofhumanexperie

48、ncethatarenotpresentintheindividualsthemselves.Ifwedonotunderstandsocialnetworks,wecannothopetofullyunderstandeitherourselvesortheworldweinhabit.61. Whatcanbeinferredfromthefirstparagraph?A. Wecan'tbeeasilyaffectedbystrangers.B. Weareconnectedandformasocialnetwork.C. Wehavenegativeeffectsonother

49、socialmembers.D. Wewillnotmakeadifferenceinaspecificgroup.62. Whyisasocialnetworklikeacommonlyownedforest?A. Becauseitremainshealthyandproductive.B. Becauseittendstomagnifynegativethings.C. Becauseitiscreativeandsharedbypeopleinthewholesociety.D. Becausewhatitcreatescanbeenjoyedbyeveryoneinthenetwor

50、k.63. Wecanlearnfromparagraph4that.A. whetherwearericherdependsonthenumberoffriendswemakeB. thewealthwepossesshasnothingtodowithindividualcontinuouseffortsC. sometimesoursuccessmaybelargelyduetoourpositioninsocialnetworksD. wewon'tsucceedunlesswefullycontroltheoverallstructureofthenetwork64.What

51、'stheauthopurposesnwritingthepassage?A. Tointroducethecharacteristicsofsocialnetworks.B. Tourgepeopletounderstandhowoursocietyworks.C. Toshowthesignificanceofunderstandingsocialnetworks.D. Toexplainthepossibleconsequencesofignoringsocialnetworks.DOverthepastdecade,thegrowthinhigh-skilledjobshasl

52、argelybeenlimitedtoAustralia'sbiggestcities.Meanwhile,inruralandregionalAustralialower-skilledjobshavebeengrowingfastest.Thisskillsgapisincreasingregionaldifferencesinincomeandemploymentopportunities,despitethepromisesoftechnologyandinfrastructureassolutionstothetyrannyofremoteness.Ourresearchfi

53、ndsthatjobs,particularlythehighlyskilled,white-collarkind,arebecomingincreasinglycollaborative（协作的）.Complextasksandrapidlychangingworkenvironmentshaveincreasedtheneedforworkerswhocancollaboratewithotherstosolveproblemsandwhoareopentocontinuouslearning.Rolesforhighlyskilledworkersarebecomingmorespeci

54、alized.Thisspecializationmeansmorecollaborationwithotherspecialistsandgreaterspaceformarketpositioning.Theproductiveadvantagesofcitiesareself-reinforcing.Skilledworkersbenefitfromtheopportunitytolearnfromandaddvaluewithotherskilledworkers.Thecoordination（协调）costsofthiscollaborativeworkarereducedwhen

55、teammembersareco-located.Employersalsobenefitfromproximity（接近）tosimilarfirmsbecausethereisalargerpoolofskilledcandidatesfornewjobsandbetteraccesstopotentialbusinesspartners.Alltheseadvantagesencouragefurtherspecializationandproductivitygains,withtheresultthatworkersandbusinesscontinuetoconcentratear

56、oundlargecitycenters.ThegrowingskillsdividebetweenurbanandruralAustraliareflectsaparadox（悖论）ofthedigitaleconomy.Whiledigitaltechnologyrepresentsachannelforbridginggeographicdistance,highlyskilledworkersareincreasinglycrowdingintocities.Thelatestcensus（人口普查）datashowsnochangeintherateofworkingfromhome

57、,despitemuch-improveddigitalinfrastructureinsomeareas.Intimethismaychange,perhapsasvideoconferencingtechnologyimproves.However,whilebettertechnologymightallowregionalworkerstointeractwithcolleaguesandclientsincities,itwillalsomakeiteasierforcity-basedprofessionalstoserviceregionalareas.Employmentiss

58、tillgrowinginregionalAustralia.Butthefactthatcitiesmakehighlyskilledworkersmoreproductivemeansthegapinskilledemploymentislikelytocontinuetowiden.Attemptstoswimagainstthistidebymovingskilledjobstothecountrywillbeexpensive.Currently,subsidies（补助金）areneededtoattractandretain（保留）highlyskilledhealthprofessionalstoregionalcommunities.Despitethis,ouranalysisof