八年级英语下册 现在完成时讲解和练习 人教新目标版

1、八年级英语下册 现在完成时讲解和练习 人教新目标版     现在完成时练习     现在完成时是由助动词 have(has)+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的意义。  （1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。如：  -Have you had lunch yet? -Yes,I have. I've

2、just had it.  你（已经）吃午饭了吗？ 我刚刚吃过。（现在我不饿了）  （2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止，可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。   如：He has taught here since 1981  他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继续教）  I have't seen her for four years.  我有四年没见到她了。  3结构

3、0; 1） 陈述句结构：主语have( has)（not）+过去分词其它。  have not=havent has not=hasnt.  2） 一般疑问句结构：Have( Has )主语过去分词其它？  3） 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词have(has) +主语+ 过去分词其它？  eg. He has already finished his homework.  He hasnt finished his homework yet.  Has he finish

4、ed his homework yet?  -Yes, he has./ No, he hasnt./ No, not yet.     （3）表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语过，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。  如： I have been to Beijing twice.我去过北京二次。  （1）现在完成时属于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990

5、,three years ago等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。  a. 用副词already和yet。already一般用于肯定句中，yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中。如：We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。  They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。  b.用ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示曾经或从未等。 如：-Have you ever be

6、en to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？  -I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。  c.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, up to now, the past few years等。例如：I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.  我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。  He has been there three times the last f

7、ew days.  近几年他去过那里三次了。  d.用包括现在在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month ,year, term)等。例如：-Have you met him today?-No,I haven't.  1     今天你见过他吗？我 没有。  How many times have you been there this year?  今年你去过那里多少次？  （2）现在

8、完成时可以和带有since或for等表示一段时间的状语连用,表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years. 但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。要用，必须改为be（在）等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：  arrivebe here begin(start)be on  die be dead come backbe back  leave be away fall ill(s

9、ick,asleep)be ill(sick,asleep)  get upbe up go out be out  finish be over put on wear 或be on  open be open join be in或 be a member of  close be closed go to schoolbe a student  borrow keep buy have  catch(a cold) have(a cold) get to know kn

10、ow  begin to studystudy come to workwork等  如：He has been a soldier for three years.他参军三年了。  His father has been dead for two years.他父亲去世二年了。  The film has been on for ten minutes.电影已开始十分钟了。  We have studied English for three years. 我们（开始）学英语已三年了。

11、0; 现在完成时和一般过去时都表示在过去完成的动作。但现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。试比较：  I have lost my new book. 我把新书丢了。（现在还未找到）  I lost my new book yesterday. 我昨天把新书丢了。（昨天丢的，现在找到与否没说明）  （1）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：have been(to)表示去过某地（现在已经回来了），可用于各

12、人称；have gone(to)表示去某地了（说话时某人不在当地），常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never,several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice.他们去过北京两次。  He has gone to Beijing . 他去北京了。  （2）如单纯表示一段时间，或强调一段时间，虽有since一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died. =His father has been dead for two years.他

13、父亲去世已有三年了。  （3）终止性动词现在完成时的否定式，已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表示一段时间的状语连用。  如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。     现在完成时练习  Exercises7A） 用have(has) been 或have(has) gone 填空。  A: Where _ Li Fei _?  B: He _ to Hainan Island

14、.  A: How long _ he _ there?  B: He _ there for three days.  A: When will he come back , do you know?  2  B: Im afraid he wont come back recently.  A: Could you tell me the way to Hainan Island?  B: Sorry, I _ never _ there. 

15、 A: How many times _ Li Fei _ to that place?  B: He _ there only once.     B） 用have/has been to/in, have gone to的各种形式填空。  Where is Jack? He _ his country.  John _ England since he came back.  How long _ have _ this village?  

16、The Smiths _ Beijing for years.  _ you ever _ America? - Yes, I _ there many times.  I _ this school since three years ago.     C）选择填空  ( )1.Jim's been to the Great wall before ,_he?  (A)isn't (B)wasn't (C)hasn't (D)doesn

17、9;t  ( )2.She's never been to England, _she?  (A)has (B)hasn't (C)isn't (D)is  ( )2._has Hanmei been in the library.  (A)How long (B)How soon (C)How far (D)How often  ( )3.How long _he_ the library book .  (A)has, borrow (B)has

18、,kept (C)has, bought (D)did, buy  ( )4.Mr Green isn't in the office , He _to the library  (A)has gone (B)went (C)has been (D)will go  ( )5.Mr smith _to Tokyo and he will be back in a week  (A)has been (B)has visited (C)has sent (D)has gone  ( )6.

19、They_China for two years  (A)have been to (B)have been in  (c)have gone to (D)have come to     Exercises10A）按要求把短暂性转换为延续性动词  arrive at/in sw. get to/reach sw. come/go/move to sw.   be in sw./at school/at home/on the farm/be here/be there

20、60; He got to Beijing five minutes ago.  He _ _ _ Beijing for _ _. I moved to the USA last year.  I _ _ _ the USA since _ _.  I went home yesterday.  I _ _ _ home for _ _.  They came here last week.  They _ _ here since _ _.  

21、;come/go back, return be back come/go out be out  He came out two years ago.  He _ _ _ for _ _.  We return to Fuzhou yesterday.  We _ _ _ to Fuzhou since _.  become be  I became a teacher in 2000.  I _ _ a teacher for _ _. &#

22、160;   The river became dirty last year.  The river _ _ dirty for _ _.  close be closed open be open  The shop closed two hours ago.  The shop _ _ _ for _ _.  The door opened at six in the morning.  The door _ _ _ for six hours.&#

23、160; get up be up die be dead  leave sw. be away from sw.  fall asleep/get tot sleep be asleep  finish/end be over marry be married  I got up two hours ago.  I _ _ _ since _ _.  He left Fuzhou just now.  He _ _ _ _ Fuzhou for

24、 five minutes.  My grandpa died in 2002.  My grandpa _ _ _for _ _.  The meeting finished at six.  The meeting _ _ _ for six hours.  I got to sleep two hours ago.  I _ _ _ since _ _.  They married in 1990.  They _ _ _sinc

25、e _.  start/begin to do sth. do sth. begin be on  I began to teach at this school in 1995.  I _ _ at this school since _.  The film began two minutes ago.  The film _ _ _ for _ _.     borrow keep lose not have buy have put on wear

26、 catch/get a cold have a cold get to know know  They borrowed it last week.  They _ _ it since _ _.  I bought a pen two hours ago.  I _ _ a pen for _ _.  I got to know him last year.  I _ _ him since _ _.  I put on my glasses thre

27、e years ago.  I _ _ my glasses for _ _.  have/has gone to have been in  He has gone to Beijing.  He _ _ _ Beijing for two days.  join the league/the Party/the army   be a league/a Party member/a soldier   be a member of the league

28、/the Party   be in the league/the Party/the army  He joined the league in 2002.  He _ _ a _ _ for two years.  He _ _ a _ _ the _ for two years.  He _ _ _ the league for two years.  My brother joined the army two years ago.  My bro

29、ther _ _ a _ for _ _.  My brother _ _ in _ _ for two years.  C）选择填空  ( )2.Herfather _in1990 and her husband _for more than five years  (A)died ,dead (B)has died, dead(C)died ,has been dead (D)has died, has died  ( )3.I have _this nice watch for two y

30、ears  (A)had (B)bought (C)borrowed (D)lend  ( )4.He _his home for ten years  (A)has left (B)left from (C)has been away from (D)was away from  ( )5.He _a league member for three years  (A)is (B)has been (C)has become (D)have become  ( )6.Lih

31、ua's brother has _for two years  (A)joined the army (B)been an army  (C)become a soldier (D)been in the army  ( )7.He hasn't _Quanzhou ever since he left school  (A)left (B)been away (C)been (D)away     Exercises 11 选择填空  

32、( )1. Have you finished your homework  Yes, I _it last night  (A)finish (B)finished (C)have finished (D)will finish  ( )2. _you ever _to Nanjing  Yes, I _there last year.  (A)Havegone, have gone (B)Havebeen , went  (C)Didgo, went (D)Didgo,

33、has , been  ( )3.When _you _Lucy in New York?  I _here for two years  (A)didmeet, haven't seen (B)didmeet, haven't seen  (C)didmeet, don't see (D)wouldmeet, hadn't seen  ( )4.when_ you to Beijing?  ( )3.He _finished his home

34、work. yet  (A)doesnt (B)havent (C) hasnt (D) doesnt have  ( )1.Have you _traveled on the train.  Yes, I have.  (A)never (B)ever (C)just (D)yet  ( )2.Have you finished your homework  Not_ .  (A)ever (B)already (C)yet (D)just &

35、#160;( )3. We haven't finished our homework .  (A)already (B)ever (C)yet (D)never  ( )4.Have you_ learned English?  Yes, I've _learned a lot.  (A)never, ever (B)ever, never (C)ever, already (D)already. ever  ( )5.Have you finished your homewo

36、rk _?  Yes, I've _done that  (A)yet, already (B)already, yet (C)ever, never (D)still, just  ( )6.John's father _borrowed some pictures  (A)have already (B)has just (C)have ever (D)has yet  Exercises4 A）用since和for填空  1) _ two years 2

37、) _ two years ago 3) _ last month  4) _ 1999 5) _ yesterday 6) _ 4 oclock  7) _ 4 hours 8) _ an hour ago 9) _ we were children  10) _ lunch time 11) _ she left here     4  B）用since和for填空  1. He has lived in Nanjing _ the year befo

38、re last.  2. Ive known him _ we were children.  3. Our teacher has studied Japanese _ three years.  4. She has been away from the city _ about ten years.  5. Its about ten years _ she left the city.  ( )1.I've been like this ever since _ 

39、60;(A)last week (B) for a week (C) a week before (D)the last week  ( )2.My mother has worked in this factory _2 years.  (A)about (B)for (C)in (D)since  ( )3. I haven't heard from him _last week.  (A)since (B) for (C)ago (D)before  ( )4.His father

40、 joined the party_  (A)for three years (B)since three years ago  (C)three years ago (D)in two years' time     5  1. Where is Mr. Liu? - He _the library.  A. has been to B. has gone to C. has been in  2. The students have clean

41、ed the classroom , _?  A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they  3. I like Hainan. I _there three times.  A. went B. go C. have been D. have gone  4.We came to Nanjing three years ago, so we _ here for three years.  A. have been to B. have

42、 been in C. have been D. have gone  5.- How long _you_ your dictionary? - About two months.  A. did; buy B. have; get C. have; had D. have; bought  6. He tells me he_ China for over five years.  A. has been B. has been in C. has been to D. has gone to 

43、60;7._has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he _ to  China?  A. How soon , comes B. How often, got  C. How long , came D. How far, arrived  8. His uncle_ for more than 9 years.  A. has come here B. has started to work  C. has li

44、ved there D. has left the university     9. He has never surfed, _(改成反意疑问句）?  10. They have been here since 2000 . (对划线部分提问)  _ have they been here?  11. The old man _last year. He_ for a year.(die)  12. This factory opened twenty years ago

45、.(改写句子，句意不变)  This factory _ for twenty years.  13. Miss Gao left an hour ago. （同上）  Miss Gao_ an _hour ago.  14.The Green Family moved to France two years ago. （同上）  _ two years_ the Green family moved to France.  15. The bus has arrived h

46、ere. It arrived ten minutes ago. （同上）     现在完成时与中考题     选择填空。  1I_ a letter from him since he left（天津市）  Adidn't receive Bhaven't got Cdidn't have Dhaven't heard  2Where have you _ these days？ I have to Dazhu with my friends（重庆市）  Abeen；gone Bbeen；been Cgone；been Dgone；gone  3How long have you _ this book？（哈尔滨市） Abought Bborrowed Chad Dlent  4Where's Pe