动词及动词短语

1、高中语法综合高中语法综合复习全解复习全解objectiveTo learn to use the verb phrases correctly【2011江苏卷江苏卷,28】Are you still mad at her?Not really, but I cant _ that her remarks hurt me.Adeny BrefuseCrejectDdecline【考点】考查动词的辨析。【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】句意为【解析】句意为“你还生她的气吗？你还生她的气吗？不见得，但是我不否认她的话伤害了不见得，但是我不否认她的话伤害了我。我。”deny否认，否定；否认，否定；ref

2、use，reject，decline都是拒绝的意思。都是拒绝的意思。not deny无法否认。无法否认。故选故选A。【2011湖北卷湖北卷,27】The minister said. “We are ready for discussions with any legal parties, but well never_ with criminals.”A. negotiate B. quarrel C. argue D. consult【考点】考查动词的辨析。【考点】考查动词的辨析。【解析】【解析】negotiate谈判；谈判；quarrel吵架，争吵；吵架，争吵；argue辩论，争辩；辩论

3、，争辩；consult商议商议,咨询。句意咨询。句意为为“部长说：部长说：我们愿意与任何合法党派进我们愿意与任何合法党派进行讨论，但我们决不与犯罪分子谈判。行讨论，但我们决不与犯罪分子谈判。”【2011安徽卷安徽卷, 34】If you _faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.A. come acrossB. care about C. look forD. focus upon【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】句意为【解析】句意为“如果你

4、发现这辆自行车如果你发现这辆自行车有毛病但还是想要，你就要求这家商店的有毛病但还是想要，你就要求这家商店的营业员减价。营业员减价。”come across偶然遇到；偶然遇到；care about关心，在乎；关心，在乎；look for寻找；寻找；focus upon专注于。专注于。 【2011江西卷江西卷35】You cant predict everything. Often things dont _ as you expect.A.run out B.break out C.work out D. put out.【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【考点】考查短语动词的辨析。【解析】【解析】r

5、un out 耗尽耗尽；break out 打破打破；work out 算出，实现算出，实现；put out 扑灭。扑灭。句意句意为为“你你无法预言无法预言一切。事情常常不会像你一切。事情常常不会像你期待的那样实现。期待的那样实现。 10全国全国My mother opened drawer to _the knives and spoons.A. put away B. put up C. put on D. put together考点考查动词词组辨析。考点考查动词词组辨析。解析解析put away 放好放好, 收拾起来；收拾起来；put up举起举起, 搭建搭建, 张贴张贴, 挂起；挂起

6、；put on 穿上穿上, 戴上；戴上；put together 组装组装, 装配装配, 把把凑合凑合起来起来动词及动词短语考点动词及动词短语考点 1 1、系动词的比较；、系动词的比较；2 2、动词的及物与不及物；短暂性与持、动词的及物与不及物；短暂性与持续性；续性；3 3、意思相同或相近的动词比较；、意思相同或相近的动词比较；4 4、同一动词构成的不同词组的用法比、同一动词构成的不同词组的用法比较；较；5 5、意思相同或相近的动词短语的比较、意思相同或相近的动词短语的比较。分类分类功能及功能及构成构成例词例词例句例句备注备注实义实义动词动词 give, tell, send, etc. He

7、 gave me a present. 实义动实义动词又可词又可分为延分为延续性动续性动词和非词和非延续性延续性动词动词 work, swim, arrive, etc. He arrived late. 及物动及物动词宾词宾语语不及物不及物动词后动词后不加宾不加宾语语系系动动词词 本身有本身有词义，词义，不能单不能单独用作独用作谓语，谓语，必须跟必须跟表语构表语构成系表成系表结构结构 be, remain, keep, stay, continue, stand, sit, lie, prove, turn out, work out, seem, appear He is a teache

8、r.He always kept silent at meeting.The plan turned out a success.He seems (to be) very sad.The search proved difficult. 状状态态类类feel, smell, sound, taste, look This kind of cloth feels very soft.This flower smells very sweet. become, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, run, make The fish went bad.He beca

9、me a doctor two years ago.She grew rich within a short time. 感感觉觉类类变变化化类类大部分大部分的表示的表示变化类变化类的系动的系动词有进词有进行时态，行时态，但所有但所有的系动的系动词都没词都没有被动有被动结构结构助动词助动词 be, have, do, shall和和 will的的各种形各种形式式 本身没有词义，本身没有词义，用以帮用以帮助构成时态、助构成时态、语态、否定语态、否定句、疑问句、句、疑问句、倒装句等结倒装句等结构。不可单构。不可单独使用，须独使用，须与动词原形与动词原形或分词构成或分词构成复合谓语复合谓语He do

10、esnt like English.He did know that.I have bought a car.Do you like college life?Never will I come back. 情情态态动动词词 can (could), may (might), shall (should), will (would), must, need, dare We cant carry the heavy box.He may come tomorrow.We must study hard. 无人称和无人称和数的变化。数的变化。表示说话表示说话人的情感、人的情感、态度、语态度、语气

11、、命令、气、命令、推测等。推测等。必须和动必须和动词原形连词原形连用构成谓用构成谓语语(ought除外除外)1.The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt2. We had thought the examination would be difficult , but it _ easy.A.turned B. came C. appeared D. proved3.

12、 I cant see my old grandma _alone in the country, so Ill have her _ with me in the city.A. leave, stay B. left, stay C. leaving , to stay D. left, to stay4. When we saw the sun _ above the surface of the sea, the students let out a cry of joy.A. to raise B. to rise C. raising D. rising主动表被动类的动词主动表被动

13、类的动词1) sell, wash, burn, cook, cut, drive, dress, play, last, open, write, start, run, read, act, draw, clean, wear, lock, shut, dry, eat, drink , burn +adv. (well, poorly, easily, smoothly, badly)Dry wood _(容易燃烧）容易燃烧） The cloth _(好洗）好洗）.3. Your composition _(读起来读起来很好）很好）except for a few spelling mi

14、stakes.（表示主语的特点、性质、状态）（表示主语的特点、性质、状态）burns easilywashes wellreads well1.-Have you got a ticket for the concert? -No, the tickets_ well and they _out last week. A. sell; were sold B. sell; sold C. sell; have been sold D. are sell; sold 2.It is said that the pen _ , so I bought one yesterday. A. write

15、s well B. writes good C. is well written D. is good written2) need, want, require(要求，需要要求，需要), deserve(应得，值得应得，值得), be worth(值得值得)，后，后面接面接doing主动形式表被动意义。主动形式表被动意义。The book is worth reading. These young seedlings will require/need looking after (=need to be looked after) carefully.Your hair wants/nee

16、ds cutting (needs to be cut).3）有些动词）有些动词(短语短语)只有主动形式，常只有主动形式，常视为主动表被动。视为主动表被动。take place, happen, break out等。等。A big fire happened/took place/broke out last night.动词短语的要点动词短语的要点 Harry turned up after the party when everyone had left. 哈里在晚会后人们都已离去时才出现。哈里在晚会后人们都已离去时才出现。 动词短语是指动词和介词、副词或名词的动词短语是指动词和介词、副

17、词或名词的习惯搭配。需掌握以下要点：习惯搭配。需掌握以下要点：1根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运根据动词短语的不同特点，掌握其运用规律。用规律。(1)动词副词动词副词(不及物不及物)Please turn every light in the house off. 请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。请把房子里的每一盏灯都关掉。(2) 动词副词动词副词(及物及物)如果宾语是人称如果宾语是人称代词代词，只能放在动词，只能放在动词和副词之间。和副词之间。She gave them away. 她把它们送人了。她把它们送人了。(3)动词介词动词介词(及物及物)Im looking for my glasse

18、s.我在找我的眼镜。我在找我的眼镜。注意：注意：当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在当它跟宾语时，不能把介词放在宾语后面。宾语后面。动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾动词短语可以放在句子或从句末尾Shes got more work than she can cope with. 她的工作多得使她应付不了。她的工作多得使她应付不了。 (4)动词副词介词动词副词介词I look forward to seeing you soon. 我盼望不久就能见到你。我盼望不久就能见到你。注意：注意：“动词介词动词介词”、“动词名词副动词名词副词词”、“动词副词介词动词副词介词”，这三种搭配，这三种搭配都是及物的，如变

19、成被动语态，不可漏掉介都是及物的，如变成被动语态，不可漏掉介词。词。In this way both grain and vegetable can be well looked after. (不能漏掉不能漏掉after)这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了这样一来，粮食和蔬菜都能兼顾了。 （5）动词）动词 + 名词名词 + 介词介词You should make full use of your time.(6) 动词动词 + 名词名词Great changes are taking place in our life.1. lay(放放), lie(躺躺)与与lie(说谎说谎)：这三个易混：这

20、三个易混动词构成见下表：动词构成见下表：He lied to me that he had finished his homework.他向我撒谎说完成作业了。他向我撒谎说完成作业了。He laid the baby on the bed.他把婴儿放在床上。他把婴儿放在床上。 2. rise和和raise：rise是不及物动词，其是不及物动词，其过去式是过去式是rose，过去分词是，过去分词是risen，而，而raise是及物动词，是规则动词。是及物动词，是规则动词。 3. hang的用法：的用法：hang有两个意思：一有两个意思：一为为“悬挂悬挂”，是不规则动词，过去式、过，是不规则动词，过

21、去式、过去分词都是去分词都是hung；二为；二为“绞刑绞刑”，是规则，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。 4sit与与seat：seat为及物动词时是作为及物动词时是作“容纳容纳”讲，讲，sit只是表示一动作。只是表示一动作。seat表表示示“就座就座”时要用时要用be seated 或用或用seat oneself。如：。如：They were seated at their desks.或或I seated myself in the armchair. The river has risen by several metres.河水上涨了好几米。

22、河水上涨了好几米。Its difficult raising a family on a small income.依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的。依靠微薄的收入是很难养家的。He hung his clothes on the wall.他把衣服挂在墙上。他把衣服挂在墙上。The murderer was hanged and the dead was avenged.杀人犯被绞死了，为死者报了仇。杀人犯被绞死了，为死者报了仇。4可用于可用于“动词动词sb.of sth.”的常用动词的常用动词accuse(控告控告)，cheat(欺骗欺骗)，cure(治愈治愈)，inform(通知通知)，rem

23、ind(提醒提醒)，rid(摆脱摆脱)，rob(抢劫抢劫)， warn(警告警告)This photo reminds me of my school days.这张照片使我想起了学校生活。这张照片使我想起了学校生活。The people of the town were warned of the danger of flooding.该镇居民被警告有洪水危险。该镇居民被警告有洪水危险。5可用于可用于“动词动词sb.for doing sth.” 的的常用动词常用动词blame(指责指责)，criticise(批评批评)，forgive(原原谅谅)，excuse(原谅原谅)，pardon(原

24、谅原谅)，punish(惩罚惩罚)，scold(指责指责)，thank(感谢感谢)Forgive me for saying so，but I think thats nonsense.原谅我这样说，但是我认为没意义。原谅我这样说，但是我认为没意义。I dont blame you for doing that.我不责备你做了那事。我不责备你做了那事。1常用短语常用短语(1) base.on. (2) care about (3) cheer up(4) carry out (5) catch up with(6) date back to/from(7) hold back (8) knoc

25、k down (9) lay aside(10) work out把把建立在建立在基础上基础上在乎，计较，介意在乎，计较，介意高兴起来，振作起来高兴起来，振作起来实施，完成实施，完成赶上赶上追溯至，始于追溯至，始于阻挡，忍住，保留，隐瞒阻挡，忍住，保留，隐瞒撞倒，击倒撞倒，击倒把把搁置一旁，储存搁置一旁，储存算出，制定出算出，制定出2与不同介词与不同介词(副词副词)搭配的动词搭配的动词breakbreak away from break down break into break out break in break off break throughbreak up 脱离脱离坏掉，出故障；垮

26、掉坏掉，出故障；垮掉闯入，破门而入闯入，破门而入(战争战争)爆发爆发破门而入破门而入打断，中断打断，中断逾越，突破；冲破逾越，突破；冲破打碎；打碎；(物理物理)分解；分开；结束；制止分解；分开；结束；制止callcall for call on/at call in call upcall off需要；邀请需要；邀请号召；访问号召；访问召集；召来召集；召来召唤，召集；打电话召唤，召集；打电话取消取消comecome about come across come to come true come up come up with come into being发生发生偶遇偶遇共计，达到，苏醒共计

27、，达到，苏醒变为现实变为现实走上前，被提出走上前，被提出提出提出形成形成get get about get across get away get downget in get off get together get through get down to get over get along/on with四处走动；传开四处走动；传开传达传达逃脱，设法离开逃脱，设法离开下来；记下下来；记下收割；到达收割；到达出发；下班出发；下班聚会聚会接通；通过接通；通过开始认真干开始认真干克服克服进展；相处进展；相处givegive up give in give out give awaygive o

28、ff give back放弃放弃屈服屈服用尽；分发用尽；分发泄露；赠送；颁发泄露；赠送；颁发发出发出归还，使恢复归还，使恢复gogo against go aheadgo after/for go withoutgo in for go through go over go by违背；对违背；对不利不利开始，进展，进行开始，进展，进行追逐，追求追逐，追求勉强维持；凑合勉强维持；凑合爱好，参加，从事爱好，参加，从事通过；经历通过；经历复习；仔细审查复习；仔细审查过去，经过过去，经过holdhold back hold out hold up hold on hold together hold

29、on to隐瞒；控制隐瞒；控制(情感情感)维持；抵抗；硬撑维持；抵抗；硬撑使使耽搁耽搁坚持；别挂坚持；别挂(电话电话)团结一致团结一致保留，抓住不放保留，抓住不放makemake up for make out make fun of make up ones mind make sense make good/full use of.make up补偿，弥补补偿，弥补辨认出辨认出取笑取笑下定决心下定决心有道理有道理(意义意义)，讲得通，讲得通充分利用充分利用编造；组成；构成；补齐；凑足编造；组成；构成；补齐；凑足putput aside put away put down put forwa

30、rd put off put out put up with put up 把把放在一边放在一边把把收好收好扑灭，平息扑灭，平息提出提出延期；推诿延期；推诿扑灭；生产扑灭；生产忍受，容忍忍受，容忍挂起，张贴；搭起；为某人提供食宿挂起，张贴；搭起；为某人提供食宿turnturn down turn in turn out turn over turn up turn off turn on turn away turn to拒绝；调低拒绝；调低上交上交结果是，证明是结果是，证明是移交，交给移交，交给出现；调高出现；调高关掉关掉打开打开走开走开求助于；翻到求助于；翻到Individual acti

31、vity1. William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to .(2011 全国全国)A.disappear B.fall C.fail D.damage2. Mary, I_John of his promise to help you. (2011 全国全国)A. told B. reminded C. warned D. advised3. I a bank account after I made1,000 by doing a part-time job during

32、 the summer vacation. (2011 天津天津)A.borrowed B.opened C.entered D.ordered4. Are you still mad at her?Not really, but I cant _ that her remarks hurt me. (2011 江苏江苏)Adeny BrefuseCrejectDdecline5. Id prefer to my judgement until I find all the evidence. (2011 福建福建)A.show B. express C.pass D.reserve6. As

33、 the story_, the truth about the strange figure is slowly discovered. (2011 安徽安徽)A. begins B. happens C. ends D. develops7. Knowledge and learning are important if we want to be successful, but they may also_ our thinking. (2011 湖北湖北)A. direct B. limit C. change D. improve8. The minister said. “We a

34、re ready for discussions with any legal parties, but well never_ with criminals.” (2011 湖北湖北)A. negotiate B. quarrel C. argue D. consult9. Clinical evidence began to_, suggesting that the new drugs had a wider range of useful activities than had been predicted from experiments in animals. (2011 湖北湖北)A. operate B. strenghten C. approve D. accumulate10.What are you doing out of bed, Tom? Youre _ to be asleep. (2011 辽宁辽宁)A. supposed B. known C. thought D. considered11.I can the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not