大学英语1级 第6单元

1、School of Continuing Education大学英语第一册网络课程大学英语第一册网络课程By School of Foreign Languages2011Unit 6Sam Adams, Industrial Engineer EnterMenuPre-readingWhile-readingPost-readingBackgroundinformationVocabularyPhrasesTextExercises1.American educational system In the United States, education is the responsibili

2、ties of individual states, not of the federal government, so requirements may vary from one state to another. The following is a generalization:kindergartenGrade 05 years oldElementary schoolGrade1-66-11 years oldJunior high or middle schoolGrade7-812-13 years old(senior) high schoolGrade9-1214-17 y

3、ears oldcollege(4 years for a B.A. or B.S. degree)university(2-3 years for an M.A. or M.S.; 2-8 years for a Ph.D)2.Q & A Do you consider yourself an efficient person? In what ways are you efficient? In what ways are you inefficient?BACK“Efficiency expert” for the family(Para.1-4)His suggestions

4、of improvement and his reward“Consultant” in a shirt factory(Para.5-6)Establish a quality controlHis discoveries(Para.7-10)Redesign the assembly lineNo quality controlIrregular work flowPoor working conditionQualities of industrial engineerArrange the family thingsa. Decrease the height of the workt

5、ableb. Provide background music and settingc. Have two breaksd. Excellent work leads to pay increase and promotions1. efficiency the state or quality of being efficient效率adj: efficientantonym: inefficiencye.g. It would improve our efficiency if we used more up-to-date methods. 2. industrial of indus

6、try工业的n: industry / industrialistvt: industrializee.g. Although European nations generally do well in the survey, the continents major industrial powers of France, Germany and Britain finish 25th, 26th and 29th respectively. BACKHOMENew words3. neat orderly and clean整洁的e.g. He keeps his desk neat. 他

7、保持书桌整洁。 4. elementary of or for beginners初级的n: elementsynonym: basic, primary, simple, introductorye.g. The student took a course in elementary math. BACKHOMENew words6. sock 短袜e.g. He was five feet in his socks. 他不穿鞋身高为五英尺。7. drawer 抽屉e.g. I put it in the left-hand drawer.我将它放在左手的抽屉内。BACK HOMENew w

8、ords8. bureau . 衣柜 . (政府部门的)局e.g. FBI: Federal Bureau of Investigation 美国联邦调查局9. underwear 内衣e.g. She had removed her underwear. 她脱掉了内衣。10. pants trousers裤子 e.g. This jacket will match those pants nicely. 这件夹克和那条裤子会十分相配。 BACKHOMENew words11. expert a person with special knowledge or skille.g. She is

9、 an expert in training animals. 她是驯兽专家。补充：补充： synonym: specialist, professionaln: expertise 专业知识习惯用法: become expert at (doing) sth.12. kitchen room used for cooking 厨房BACKHOMENew words13. utensil any tool or container used in the house, esp. for cooking用具e.g. This store sells cooking utensils.这商店出售炊

10、具。14. quality the degree of goodness which a thing or a person possesses质量； 品质e.g. Quality often matters more than quantity. 质量往往比数量更重要。补充：补充： synonym: character, property, meritNote: quantity 数量e.g. The quality of service has improved.HOMENew words15. foundation 基础Synonym: basis, ground, warrant习惯用

11、法: lay solid foundation for 为打下坚实的基础e.g. Agriculture is the foundation of the nation economy.16. career profession; way of making a living职业Synonym: occupation, profession, vocatione.g. Throughout US history, numerous foreign-born politicians and policy intellectuals with overseas accents have had b

12、rilliant careers in public service.HOMENew words17. engineering 工程学e.g. genetic engineering 生物遗传工程(学) civil engineering 土木工程(学) 18. unfortunately 不幸的是e.g. I was unfortunately delayed. 我不幸被耽搁了。 BACK HOMENew words19. bossy always telling other people what to do and how to do it, like a boss爱指挥人的Synony

13、m: dictatoriale.g. A “Massachusetts liberal” is the very worst of a bossy, free-spending, irresponsible tribe.20. project a piece of work; a big plan项目Synonym: blueprint, plan, programe.g. The project is already underway but developers say it will take until 2020 to finish.BACK HOMENew words21. bach

14、elor 学士;单身汉学士: Bachelor硕士: Master博士: Doctor22. graduation completion of an educational course毕业e.g. He hope to get a good job after graduation. 他希望毕业后能得到份好工作。 BACK21 BACK22HOMENew words23. graduate graduate from / at 毕业于e.g. She graduated from Harvard.她毕业于哈佛大学。 24. short- term involving or lasting a

15、 short period of time短期的基础25. basis 基础,根据synonym: base; ground; foundationpl: baseson the basis of e.g. There is no scientific basis for these claims.BACK HOMENew words26. consultant a person who gives professional or technical advice 顾问e.g. There are two consultants to the governor on environmental

16、 protection. 州长有两个环保问题顾问。 27. consult .请教: consult sb. .商量,商议: consult with sb.e.g. Ill do nothing without consulting you. 我采取行动之前一定和你商量。补充：补充： Synonym: ask, discussn. consultant 顾问BACKHOMENew words28. amaze fill with great surprise or wonder使大为惊讶e.g. I was amazed at his conduct. 我对他的行为感到惊讶。 补充：补充：S

17、ynonym: surprise, shock, startle, astonish it amaze sb. to hear / see 听到/看到大吃一惊 to ones amazement 让人吃惊的是 BACKHOMENew words29. curious strange 奇怪的;好奇的e.g. The boy was curious about everything he saw. 那男孩对所见的一切都感到好奇。 补充：补充：Synonym: (奇怪的) odd, peculiar, strange, queerbe curious about 好奇,想打听30. whatsoev

18、er of any kind, at all任何的BACKHOMENew words31. inspect examine检查e.g. They inspected the roof for leaks.他们检查了屋顶看看是否有漏隙。32. shipment the act of sending, carrying or delivering goods装运 e.g. The blockade prevented shipments of foreign food from reaching our shores. 封锁使国外食品不能运抵我们的海岸。 BACKHOMENew wordsg33.

19、 miss 未击中;错过;逃脱;发现丢失;想念;遗漏;省掉 miss不能跟动词不定式,可跟动名词.如:未被逮住:miss being caught (right) miss to be caught (wrong)发现钢笔丢失: I missed my pen. (right) I found my pen missing. (right) I found my pen missed. (wrong) BACKHOMENew words34. button 纽扣，按钮e.g. I pushed the button to turn on the light. 我按电钮把灯打开35. colla

20、r 领子e.g. I seized him by the collar.我一把抓住他的衣领。36. sleeve 袖子e.g. He rolled up his sleeves and got down to work. 他卷起袖子开始工作。 BACKHOMENew words37. relieve make less or easier减轻e.g. Take breaks throughout the day. It will help clear your mind and relieve pressure.补充：补充：relieve sb. of 帮助某人拿(提,做等) ; 使某人免于B

21、ACKHOMENew words38. boring uninteresting and tiresome令人厌烦的e.g. It was boring to sit there without anything to do. 无所事事地坐在那里太无聊了 补充：补充：Synonym: dull, uninteresting, tiresome, flat39. bore make sb. feel tired by being dull or tedious使厌烦e.g. This book bores me. 这本书令我生厌。补充：补充： synonym: annoy, bother, ti

22、reBACKHOMENew words40. workroom a room specially kept for working in 工场41. dull not bright or clear阴暗的 synonym: dark, dim lacking interest or excitement无聊 stupid, unintelligent, dimwitted傻的e.g. I slept through her dull speech.BACKHOMENew words42. flow n. a smooth steady movement or supply流e.g. work

23、flow 工作流程vi. 流动; 垂,飘拂补充：补充：比喻意义: (国家)富有e.g. Our motherland flows with natural resourcesBACKHOMENew words43. workflow 工作流程44. irregular uneven; not continuous不规则的e.g. These procedures are highly irregular. 这些程序是很不合乎规则的。45. regular 规则的e.g. Everything seemed quite regular when the fire broke out. 起火的当时

24、,一切似乎都很正常。 BACKHOMENew words46. absent-minded so concerned with ones thoughts as not to notice what is happening, what one is doing, etc.心不在焉的e.g. The absent-minded boy is always losing his books. 这个心不在焉的男孩老是丢书。 47. absent not present缺席补充：补充：be absent from 未出席,缺席absent-minded 心不在焉的an absent look 漫不经

25、心的表情BACKHOMENew words48. inspection the act of examining ( sth. ) closely or in detail 检查e.g. Elevators must undergo an annual safety inspection. 电梯必须每年作一次安全检查。49. assembly 组装;集会e.g. General Assembly 联合国大会 Assembly line 装配线BACKHOMENew words50. assemble 组装e.g. He was busy assembling the bike. 他忙着装配自行

26、车。51. assembly line 装配线52. shiftn. 班,轮班 e.g. day shift 白班v. .搬动,移动 synonym: move, transfer .改变 synonym: change, transform, alternate, alterBACKHOMENew words53. daydream have pleasant dreamlike thoughts 做白日梦e.g. She daydreamed about a carefree holiday abroad. 她幻想到国外过一个无忧无虑的假期。54. fire vt. make (sb.)

27、leave his job 同: dismiss fire sb. 解雇某人vi. to shoot off bullets 同: shoot fire at sb. 朝某人开火n. make a fire 生火 play with the fire 玩火 catch fire 着火(动作) burn on fire 着火(状态) set fire to 放火烧,点燃BACKHOMENew words55. observation the act of watching carefully观察,观测;观察结果;观测后发表的言论,观点e.g.1. He is a man of little ob

28、servation. 他是个观察力极差的人。e.g. 2. I have a few observations to make on your conduct. 我对你的行为有一些看法要说。 e.g. 3. He will publish his observations on the social life of these primitive tribes. 他将公布他对那些原始部落的社会生活观察所得的资料。 BACKHOMENew words56. observe 观察,注意 (同: watch, notice) observe sb. do 看到某人做遵守,奉行(同: obey, ab

29、ide by, follow) 发表观点/学说(同:remark, comment) observe (to sb.) that 对某人说57. observer 观察员e.g. The United Nations sent a team of observers to the peace talks. 联合国派出了一组观察员出席和平谈判。 HOMENew words58. oral spoken, not written 口头的e.g. An oral agreement is not enough; we must have a written promise. 只有口头协议是不够的;我

30、们必须有一个书面承诺。59. findings the results of any research or enquiry调查结果e.g. When the experiment is complete, include your findings in a report. 试验完成后,请把结果写入报告。 BACKHOMENew words60. majoradj. 主要的;较大的synonym: chief, primary, importantn. 主修课程;专修的学生e.g. He is a mathematics major. 他是主修数学的学生。 vi. 主修,专攻 (major

31、in)e.g. Alice majors in economics. 艾丽丝主修经济学。 BACKHOMENew words61. redesign 重新设计62. designvt. 设计; 计划,谋划 design to do (doing) sth. 打算做某事n. 设计,构思; 图案,图样; 企图,图谋e.g. The greedy man had designs on her fortune. 那个贪婪的人企图得到她的财产。 BACKHOMENew words63. achieve get by effort实现n. achievement: n.成绩;得到e.g. He went

32、back home without having achieved any success.64. decrease make smaller or fewer减少e.g. These measures will help decrease the cost of production. 这些措施有助于降低生产成本。补充：补充：synonym: reduce, decline, diminishantonym: increasedecrease to 减少到decrease by 减少了BACKHOMENew words65. worktable a table at which work i

33、s done工作台66. operator a person who makes sth. Work 操作人员; (电话)总机,话务员; (外科)手术师e.g. He dialed the operator. 他拨通了接线员。 67. operate vt: 操作,操纵 synonym: run, managevi: (1).活动,运动; (2).动手术 (operate on 给动手术)BACKHOMENew words68. management 管理部门e.g. The management is/are having talks with the workers. 资方正在与工人谈话。

34、 69. background 背景e.g. He took a picture of me with the pavilion in the background. 他以那个亭子为背景给我照了一张相片。 BACKHOMENew words70. beautify make beautiful美化e.g. a program to beautify the nations highways 美化国内公路的规划 71. setting surroundings环境e.g. an ideal setting for camping 适宜野营的理想环境 BACKHOMENew words72. pr

35、oductive producing much多产的,富有成效的,生产性的e.g. Is rice the most productive food-bearing plant? 稻子是不是产粮最多的植物? 补充：补充：Synonym: fertile, effective, fruitful, plentiful, profitable73. frequent adj. happening often经常的Synonym: common, habitualvt: 常到,常去,时常出入于e.g. frequent the library 经常去图书馆BACKHOMENew words74. p

36、romotion 提升，促进e.g. Theyre planning a big promotion for their new washing powder. 他们正筹划举办一次新型洗衣粉的大促销行动。75. promote 提升,提拔,促进,(商品等)宣传,促销Synonym: further, push, elevate, upgrade, advertisee.g. The company promoted the rock groups new record by playing it often on the radio.BACKHOMENew words76. incentive

37、 n. 刺激,鼓励e.g. The child has no incentive to study harder because his parents cannot afford to send him to college. 这孩子没有努力学习的动力,因为他父母供不起他上大学。 补充：补充：synonym: encouragement, enticement, impetus, stimulusadj. 刺激的,鼓励的e.g. incentive payments 奖金BACKHOMENew wordssuggestion an idea or plan put forward for p

38、eople to think about提议e.g. I ordered a steak at his suggestion. 我根据他的建议点了一份牛排。78. co- owner a joint owner共同所有者 BACKHOMENew words79. manager a person responsible for running a section of a business经理e.g. He is a store manager.他是一位商店的经理。80. compliments formal respects or greetings贺词；问候e.g. My complime

39、nts to your father! 向你父亲代为致意! BACKHOMENew words1. find out learn or discover查明;发现(尤指坏事)eg1: Mary was angry when Jane found out her secrets.eg2: You may get away with dishonesty for a while, but youll be found out sooner or later.2. turn out happen to be or found to be in the end 结果是eg1: The examinat

40、ion turned our (to be) easy.eg2: It turned out that he was Georges father.BACKHOMEPhrases and expressions3. quality control the activity of checking that products are all of satisfactory standard and quality, usu. by testing samples of them质量控制4. as a result because of作为结果,因此eg1: Tom didnt study har

41、d, as a result, he failed to pass the difficult test.eg2: He slipped and broke his leg. As a result, he will have to be away from school for two or three months.BACKHOMEPhrases and expressions5. except for apart from除了外 eg1: Your picture is good except for some of the colors.eg2: The room was bare o

42、f furniture except for a few chairs.6. go on strike 罢工eg1: Your parcel was delayed because the post workers went on strike.eg2: Some students wanted to call on the workers to go on strike.BACKHOMEPhrases and expressions7. hold up 延迟,耽搁;阻碍eg1: Work on the building site has been held up by the bad wea

43、ther.eg2: The steel strike may hold up the production of cars for several months.8. result in 结果是;导致 eg1: The accident resulted in three deaths.eg2: He felt that the extreme misery of the working people would result in revolution.Result from: 起因于,由所导致eg3: Professor Smiths lung cancer resulted from e

44、xcessive smoking.BACKHOMEPhrases and expressions9. talk over 商量;讨论eg1: I would like to talk over this problem with you.eg2: Leaders of the two countries have talked the situation over.10. keep up with 跟上e.g. They could not keep up with us when we climbed the mountain.BACKHOMEPhrases and expressions1

45、. Sam Adams萨姆亚当斯2. Indiana印第安纳（美国州名）3. Hobbs霍布斯（姓氏）HOMEProper NamesBACKHOMEWhile reading activity: TextTextChinese VersionUnit SixTEXT Sam set out to improve efficiency at the shirt factory but, as we find out later in this unit, his plans turned out not quite as he had expected.Sam Adams, Industria

46、l EngineerIf you ask my mother how I happened to become an industrial engineer, shell tell you that I have always been one.BACKHOMEtext She means that I have always wanted everything to be well organized and neat. When I was still in elementary school, I liked to keep my socks in the upper left-hand

47、 drawer of my bureau, my underwear in the upper right drawer, shirts in the middle drawer, and pants, neatly folded, in the bottom drawer.BACKHOMEtext In fact, I was the efficiency expert for the whole family. I used to organize my fathers tools, my mothers kitchen utensils, my sisters boyfriends.I

48、needed to be efficient. I wanted to be well organized. For me, there was a place for everything and everything was always in its place. These qualities gave me a good foundation for a career in industrial engineering. BACK HOMEtext Unfortunately, I was also a bit bossy and I wasnt a very good listen

49、er. Youll see what I mean when I tell you about the first project I ever did after I finished my bachelors degree at the university. BACKHOMEtextAfter graduation I returned home to my small town in Indiana. I didnt have a job yet. Mr. Hobbs, a friend of my fathers, owned a small shirt factory in tow

50、n. Within the past five years it had grown from twenty to eighty workers. Mr. Hobbs was worried that his plant was getting too big and inefficient, so he asked me to come in on a short-term basis as a consultant.BACK HOMEtextI went to the plant and spent about a week looking around and making notes.

51、 I was really amazed at what I saw.Most curious of all, there was no quality control whatsoever. No one inspected the final product of the factory. As a result some of the shirts that were put in boxes for shipment were missing one or two buttons, the collar, even a sleeve sometimes!BACKHOMEtext The

52、 working conditions were poor. The tables where the workers sat were very high and uncomfortable. Except for a half hour at lunchtime, there were no breaks in the day to relieve the boring work. There was no music. The walls of the workrooms were a dull gray color. I was amazed that the workers hadn

53、t gone on strike. BACKHOMEtext Furthermore, the work flow was irregular. There was one especially absent-minded young man in the assembly line who sewed on buttons. After a while I recognized him as Big Jim, who used to sit behind me in math class in high school. He was very slow and all the shifts

54、were held up at his position. Workers beyond him in line on his shift had to wait with nothing to do; therefore, a great deal of time and efficiency were lost as Big Jim daydreamed while he worked. All week I wondered why he wasnt fired.BACK HOMEtext After I made observations for a week, Mr. Hobbs a

55、sked me for an oral report of my findings. I covered my major points by telling him the following:If you have a quality control inspection, you will greatly improve your finished product.If the assembly line is redesigned, a smooth work flow can be achieved and time and energy can be saved.If you de

56、crease the height of the worktables, the machine operators will work more comfortably. BACK HOMEtext If the management provides pleasant background music and beautifies the dull setting, the factory will be much more productive.If the workers have a fifteen-minute coffee break in the morning and aft

57、ernoon, they will be more efficient.If excellent work results in frequent pay increases or promotions, the workers will have greater incentive to produce.BACK HOMEtext Mr. Hobbs thanked me for this report and told me he would talk over my suggestions with his brother, the co-owner and manager of the

58、 factory. Were interested in progress here, he said. We want to keep up with the times.He also gave me a check for $ 100 and a box of shirts with his compliments. BACK HOMEtext第六单元第六单元 萨姆开始首手提高衬衫厂的效率，但根据我们在本单元中所发现的，他的计划与他所期待的并不一样 工业管理工程师萨姆工业管理工程师萨姆. .亚当斯亚当斯 如果你问我母亲，我怎么偏偏会成为一名工业管理工程师的，她就会告诉你，我一直就是这样一

59、个人。 BACK HOMEChinese Version 她的意思是说，我一贯希望把样样东西都安排得井井有条，整整齐齐。还在上小学时，我就喜欢把袜子放在衣柜上方的抽屉里，内衣放在右上方的抽屉里，衬衫放在当中的抽屉里，折得齐齐整整的裤子放在最下面的抽屉里。 BACK HOMEChinese Version 事实上，我那时一直是全家人的效率专家。父亲的工具、母亲的厨房用具以及姐姐的男朋友全由我统一安排。 我需要讲究效率。我希望有条不紊。对我来说，样样东西都有个固定的地方，样样东西总是放在适当的地方。这些素质为我日后从事工业管理打下了良好的基础。 BACK HOMEChinese Version 遗

60、憾的是，我这个人也有一点专横，不太善于听取别人的意见。等我把在大学取得学士学位后承办第一项工程的情况告诉你以后，你就会明白我这话是什么意思了。 BACK HOMEChinese Version 毕业后我回到家乡印第安纳州的一个小镇上。当时我还没有找到工作。我父亲的一位朋友霍布斯先生在镇上有一家小型衬衫厂。在过去五年里，厂里的工人从20名增加到了80名。霍布斯先生担心他的工厂规模变得太大了，效率变得太低了，便请我进厂当了个短期顾问。 BACK HOMEChinese Version 我来到厂里，花了一个星期左右的时间一边到处查看，一边做些笔记。说真的，我对看到的情况不胜惊讶。 最为奇怪的是，厂里竟然没有