大学英语1级 第2单元

1、School of Continuing Education大学英语第一册网络课程大学英语第一册网络课程By School of Foreign Languages2011Unit 2 Sailing Round The World EnterMenuPre-readingWhile-readingPost-readingBackgroundinformationVocabularyPhrasesTextProper namesExercisesBACK 1. About Sir Francis Chichester Born in Devon, Britain, in 1901, Sir F

2、rancis Chichester was a British adventure. As a young man, he went to New Zealand, where he worked as a miner, salesman and land agent. After returning to England in 1929, he made a solo flight to Australia in a biplane. Two years later, in 1931, he piloted the first east-west flight over the Tasman

3、 Sea between New Zealand and Australia. He then planned to fly round the world, but the plane was severely damaged in an accident in Japan.BACK After World War II he founded a business in London. Taking up ocean sailing in 1953, he won the first solo transatlantic race in 1960 by sailing the “Gipsy

4、Moth II” from Plymouth to New York city in 40 days. On August 27, 1966, he set off to sail round the world alone in the “Gipsy Moth IV”. He finished his great voyage on May 28, 1967. Then he sailed on to Greenwich, where he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II. He died in 1972, leaving behind two book

5、s he had written: The Lonely Sea and Sky and the Gipsy Moth Circle the World.BACK 2.Knights and knighthood Knights were the highest class of fighting men in Europe during the Middle Ages. There were other classes of fighting men, such as the lowly foot soldiers. But the knights, who fought on horseb

6、ack, were the aristocrats of the battlefield. The great heroes of the time, both in story and in fact, were knights.BACK By the year 1500 the time of the knight as fighting man was over. Hired foot soldiers replaced the mounted knights. But knighthood did not die out altogether. Today in Great Brita

7、in, knighthood is an honorary award given to out standing people in recognition of some remarkable work they have done. A man with the rank of knight is called “Sir” (prefixed to his whole name or given name, but not to his surname alone), and his wife, “Lady”. A woman with the same rank is called “

8、Dame”. 1. single-handed done by one person without help from others (used either as an adverb or as an adjective)单独的e.g. In the end he had to man the ship single-handed.The job can not be done single-handed. 2. adventure an exciting and/or dangerous journey or activity; strange or unusual happening冒

9、险（活动）e.g. Every journey outside the house is an adventure to the baby.Have you read the Adventures of Tom Sawyer?BACKHOMENew words3. solo single-handed(单独的)e.g. I made my first solo flight. 我第一次作了单人飞行。4. transatlantic crossing the Atlantic Ocean(横渡大西洋的)e.g. transatlantic flights 横渡大西洋的飞行BACK HOMENew

10、 words5. lung part of the body with which one breathes(肺)补充：补充：心：heart肝：liver肠：intestines 肾：kidney 胃：stomach 6.cancer 癌症e.g. The doctors are making an attempt to prevent cancer cells spreading. 医生们试图阻止癌细胞扩散。 BACKHOMENew words7. determined with ones mind firmly made up(下定决心的)e.g. Government is determ

11、ined to further the reform.She is a determined woman and has brought up her children single-handed.8.determine 决定e.g. She determined to go that very afternoon.她决定就在那天下午走。9. determination 决心 e.g. My father was a man of determination.我父亲是一个果断的人。 HOMENew words10. retire1) give up ones job because of ol

12、d age(退休) e.g. Professors usually retire at 60 in China.2) go away; withdraw(撤退) e.g. Each side retired 15 miles from the frontier.3) go to bed(睡觉)e.g. The writer usually retires at midnight.BACKHOMENew words11. voyage(n.) sea journey(航海)e.g. The first space shuttle voyage was devoted entirely to as

13、tronomy.(v.) go on a sea journey(海上航行)e.g. The seaman has almost voyaged around the world.BACKHOMENew words12. route way from one place to another(路线)e.g. This is the shortest route from Boston to New York.这是从波士顿到纽约的最短路线 。13. clipper 快速帆船14.crew group of people who work together on a ship or aeropla

14、ne. (全体船员)注释注释:集体名词，无单复数集体名词，无单复数e.g. The ships crew struck.这艘船的船员罢工了 BACKHOMENew words15. steer make (esp. a boat or road vehicle) go in a particular direction(为掌舵)e.g. He steered his boat into the harbor.他将船驶进港内。16. device sth. made for a special purpose( 装置) e.g. The television receiver is an ele

15、ctronic device. 电视接收器是一种电子装置。17. Steering device 操舵装置 BACKHOMENew words18. damage(vt.) cause harm toe.g. Hurricane Andrew damaged thousands of homes.(n.) harm; losse.g. Hurricane Andrew did great damage to the crops.19.gale very strong wind(大风)e.g. Trees were blown down in the gale. 树被大风刮倒。BACK HOME

16、New words20. cover pass over or travel (a certain distance)(行过)一段距离e.g. The travelers covered 400 miles a day by car. They covered three states in two days.21. previously before以前e.g. We planned previously to visit the Museum, but we simply do not have the time.22. previous 以前的e.g. I remember you me

17、ntioned the same thing on a previous occasion. 我记得你在以前某个时候提及过同一件事情。 BACKHOMENew words23. attempt(n.) effort to do sth尝试 e.g. A true friend will make every attempt to help you.(vt.) try to do sth试图去做 e.g. He attempted to win her love by sending her expensive gifts.24. dissuade prevent (sb.) from doin

18、g sth. by reasoning劝阻e.g. I dissuaded him from rushing in to submit his resignation. 我劝他不要急急忙忙递交辞职书。 BACKHOMENew words25.treacherous more dangerous than it seems暗藏危险的e.g. He was cruel, treacherous and unscrupulous.他残忍、奸诈、不择手段。26.cape 海角 e.g. Cape of Good Hope好望角（非洲西南端的非常著名的岬角 ）Cape Horn: a steep hea

19、dland at the south of Horn Island, Chile, generally considered the southernmost point of South America. All the water between South America and the Antarctic Ocean is squeezed through this narrow, shallow gap. Sometimes, the waves there may be as high as 50 feet.BACKHOMENew words27.rough ( of weathe

20、r or the sea) stormy, not calm(气候)有暴风雨的e.g. The ship sailed in rough seas. 这船在波涛汹涌的海面行驶。28.fortunately luckily幸运地 e.g. Fortunately, the fire was discovered soon after it had started.幸好火势刚起就立即被发现了。29. fortunate 幸运的 e.g. It is fortunate that we can all meet tomorrow. 我们明天都能见面了,真是幸运。 BACKHOMENew words3

21、0. contact(vt.) get in touch with联系 e.g. Do you contact your old classmates often?(n.) state of touching or communication接触 e.g. Many people are afraid of contacts with AIDS patients.31. nearby not far off (used either as an adjective or an adverb)在附近e.g. At a nearby table people were talking loudly

22、.BACKHOMENew words32.following next; to be mentioned immediately 接着的；下列的e.g. They were married in 1978 and had a daughter the following year. 他们于一九七八年结婚,第二年就生了个女儿。33. waken (vi.) stop sleeping醒来e.g. He wakened at the first ray of daylight. (vt.) wake up sb. 叫醒某人e.g. The alarm bell wakened him out of

23、 a sound sleep. BACKHOMENew wordsg34.nightmare terrible dream噩梦e.g. In his nightmares they burned his house. 在他的噩梦中,他们烧了他的房子。35. drag pull along with great effort拖，拉 He grabbed her and dragged her away.他抓住她,把她拖走了。36. sinister 凶恶的e.g. a sinister smile奸笑BACK HOMENew words 37. knight(n.) 爵士(v.)封为爵士e.g.

24、 The king knighted the soldier for his valor.国王因那位军人英勇而封他为爵士。38. sword 剑，刀 e.g. Do you believe that the pen is mightier than the sword? 你相信笔杆的威力大于武力吗? BACKHOMENew words39. accomplish finish successfully（完成）e.g. They didnt accomplish the purpose desired.他们没有达到预期的目的。40. conquer defeat; overcome征服e.g.

25、More and more people have come to realize that we must not “conquer” nature, but we should make good use of it , instead.41. undoubtedly certainly无疑地e.g. That is undoubtedly true.那无疑是真的。BACK39 BACK40,41 HOMENew words42. moreover in addition; furthermore此外e.g. He is undoubtedly not an ideal husband.

26、He smokes and drinks. Moreover, he is lazy.43.human of or concerning people人们e.g. This meat is not fit for human consumption.这种肉不适合人食用。44. being a living thing, esp. a person生物e.g. Has anybody ever seen any beings from outer space? 有人见到过外星人吗? BACKHOMENew words1.set out begin a course of action 着手，开始

27、e.g. He set out to paint the whole house but finished only the front part. 他开始着手粉刷整幢房子,可是只完成了前面的部分。2. give up stop having or doing; abandon hope for sth. or the attempt to do sth.放弃e.g. We should not give up halfway.BACKHOMEPhrases and expressions3.be determined to (do) have a strong will to (do)决心(

28、做)e.g. She is determined to finish law school.她决意在法学院读到毕业。4.(all) by oneself (completely) alone孤独地e.g. The little boy went out by himself. 小男孩独自一人出去了。5. in spite of regardless of尽管e.g. The headmaster decided to hire this young man in spite of the fact that he had had no teaching experience at all.BA

29、CKHOMEPhrases and expressions6. by far by a large degree (usually used to modify a superlative or comparative degree adjectives or adverb).得多 e.g. This is by far the better of the two.7. turn over (cause to) reverse in position by bringing the bottom to the top or vice versa(使)翻倒e.g. The lamp was tu

30、rned over, and that was what started the fire.8. can not help can not keep oneself from 禁不住e.g. He can not help laughing.HOMEPhrases and expressionsBACKFrancis Chichester 弗朗西斯奇切斯特Gipsy Moth 吉普赛莫斯Sydney 悉尼Cape Horn 合恩角（智利）London 伦敦Elizabeth 伊丽莎白Drake 德雷克HOMEProper NamesHOMEWhile reading activity: Tex

31、tTextChinese versionEffective Writing Skills UNIT 2TEXT At sixty-five Francis Chichester set out to sail single-handed round the world. This is the story of that adventure.Sailing Round the World Before he sailed round the world single-handed, Francis Chichester had already surprised his friends sev

32、eral times. He had tried to fly round the world but failed. That was in 1931.BACKHOMEtext The years passed. He gave up flying and began sailing. He enjoyed it greatly. Chichester was already 58 years old when he won the first solo transatlantic sailing race. His old dream of going round the world ca

33、me back, but this time he would sail. His friends and doctors did not think he could do it, as he had lung cancer. But Chichester was determined to carry out his plan. In August, 1963, at the age of nearly sixty-five, an age when many men retire, he began the greatest voyage of his life. Soon, he wa

34、s away in this new 16-metre boat, GipsyMoth.BACKHOMEtext Chichester followed the route of the great nineteenth century clipper ships. But the clippers had had plenty of crew. Chicheater did it all by himself, even after the main steering device had been damaged by gales. Chichester covered 14, 100 m

35、iles before stopping in Sydney, Australia. This was more than twice the distance anyone had previously sailed alone. BACK HOMEtext He arrived in Australia on 12 December, just 107 days out from England. He received a warm welcome from the Australians and from his family who had flown there to meet h

36、im. On shore, Chichester could not walk without help. Everybody said the same thing: he had done enough; he must not go any further. But he did not listen.BACK HOMEtext After resting in Sydney for a few weeks, Chichester set off once more in spite of his friends attempts to dissuade him. The second

37、half of his voyage was by far the more dangerous part, during which he sailed round the t r e a c h e r o u s C a p e H o r n .BACKHOMEtext On 29 January he left Australia. The mext night, the blackest he had ever known, the sea became so rough that the boat almost turned over. Food, clothes, and br

38、oken glass were all mixed together. Fortunately, bed and went to sleep. When he woke up, the sea had become calm the nearest person he could contact by radio, unless there was a ship nearby, Wild be on an island 885 miles away.BACKHOMEtext After succeeding in sailing round Cape Horn, Chichester sent

39、 the following radio message to London: I feel as if I had wakened from a nightmare. Wild horses could not drag me down to Cape Horn and that sinister Southern Ocean again.BACKHOMEtext Just before 9 oclock on Sunday evening 28 May, 1967, he aeeived back in England, where a quarter of a million peopl

40、e were waiting to welcome him. Queeh Elizabeth II knighted him with the very sword that Queen Elizabeth I had sailed round the world for the first time. The whole voyage from England and back had covered 28, 500 miles. It had taken him nine months , of which the sailing time was 226 days. He had don

41、e what he wanted to accomplish. BACKHOMEtext Like many other adventurers, Chichester had experienced fear and conquered it. In doing so, he had undoubtedly learnt something about himself. Moreover, in the modern age when human beings depend so much on machines, he had given men throughout the world

42、new pride. HOMEtext第二单元第二单元65岁的弗朗西斯奇切斯特打算单独进行一次环球航行，这就是那次冒险的故事。环球航行环球航行弗朗西斯奇切斯特在独自驾船环球航行之前，已有好几次让他的朋友们感到吃惊了。他曾试图作环球飞行，但没有成功。那是在1931年。BACKHOMEChinese Version 好多年过去了，他放弃了飞行，开始航海。他领略到航海的巨大乐趣。奇切斯特在首届横渡大西洋单人航海比赛中夺魁时，已经58岁。他周游世界的宿愿又被唤起，不过这一次他是要驾船环游。由于他患有肺癌，朋友们和医生们都认为他不该去，但奇切斯特决意实施自己的计划。1966年8月，在他年近65岁的时候许

43、多人在这个年龄已经退休他开始了一生中最了不起的一次航海。不久，他就驾着那艘16米长的新船吉普赛莫思号启程出海了。BACKHOMEChinese Version 奇切斯特沿着19世纪大型三桅帆船的航线航行。不过，三桅帆船拥有众多船员，而奇切斯特却是独自扬帆破浪，即使在主要转舵装置被大风刮坏之后仍是这样。奇切斯特一直航行了14，100英里，到了澳大利亚的悉尼港才停船靠岸。这段航程比以往单人驾舟航海的最远航程还多一倍。BACKHOMEChinese Version 他于12月12日抵达澳大利亚，这一天正是他离开英国的第107天。他受到澳大利亚人和乘飞机专程前去迎接他的家人们的热烈欢迎。奇切斯特上岸后

44、，得由人搀扶才能行走。大家众口一词，说他已航行得够远了，不要再继续向前航行了。但他却置若罔闻。在悉尼休息了几周之后，他不顾朋友的多方劝阻，再次扬帆出航。BACKHOMEChinese Version 在悉尼休息了几周之后，他不顾朋友的多方劝阻，再次扬帆出航。这后半段航程更为艰险，在此期间，他绕过了险情四伏的合恩角。 BACKHOMEChinese Version 1月29日他驶离澳大利亚。第二天夜晚这是他所经历过的最黑暗的一个夜晚海面上波涛汹涌，小船几乎被风浪掀翻。食物、衣服还有碎玻璃，全都混杂在一起了。幸好小船受到的损坏还不算太严重。奇切斯特镇静地钻进被窝，睡着了。等他醒来时，大海又恢复了平

45、静。然而，他仍禁不住想到，要是果真有什么意外，他能借无线电联系上的人，最近的也要在885英里以外的岛上，除非附近哪儿有条轮船。BACKHOMEChinese Version 成功地绕过合恩角以后，奇切斯特便通过无线电给伦敦发去如下的电文：“我觉得好象刚从恶梦中醒来。就是野马也休想再把我拖回到合恩角和那凶险莫测的南大洋去了。”BACKHOMEChinese Version 1967年5月28日，星期天，晚上将近9点，他回到了英国。有25万人等在那儿欢迎他。女王伊丽莎白二世手持宝剑刺封他为爵士。大约在400年前，伊丽莎白一世也曾手持同一把宝剑，把爵位赐予完成首次环球航行的弗朗西斯德雷克爵士。从英国

46、出发，又回到英国，整个航程长达28，500英里。奇切斯特一共花了九个月的时间，其中实际航行时间为226天。他终于完成了他想完成的伟业。BACKHOMEChinese Version 像许多别的冒险家一样，奇切斯特产生过恐惧而又战胜了恐惧。在这一过程中，他无疑对自身有了一些了解。此外，在当今这个人类如此依赖机器的时代，他将新的自豪感赋予了全世界的人们。BACKHOMEChinese VersionContraction: reducing (简化）简化）clauses to phrases or words In the text of the unit, there are sentences

47、 such as:-Chichester covered 14,000 miles before stopping in Sydney, Australia. _(= before he stopped in Sydney, Australia)-After resting in Sydney for a few weeks, Chichester set off once more in spite of his friends attempts to dissuade him. (= After he had returned in Sydney ) In these sentences,

48、 gerundial phrases (动名词短语）are used instead of clauses. Besides gerundial phrases, infinitives（不定式), participial phrases（分词短语）, or prepositional phrases（介词短语）can also be used to replace（替换）clauses. HOMEEffective Writing SkillsBACKHOMEBACKVocabulary Ex. 4Completing sentences Ex. 6Word building Ex. 7Fi

49、ll in blanks Ex. 5ExercisesCloze Ex. 13Translation Ex. 14Completing table Ex.8Structure Ex. 9,10,11,12Choose the definition from column B that best matches each italicized word or phrase in column A.HOMEdetermined to carry out his plan a. besidescovered 14,000 miles b. persuade not to do sth.dissuad

50、e him c. traveledfortunately d. not far awaydamage to the boat e. having a strong willcontact the nearest person f. overcomea ship nearby g. harmwhat he wanted to accomplish h. luckilyconquer fear i. get in touch withmoreover j. succeed in doing BACKHOMEBACK1. Though she is nearly 65, Mary doesnt wa

51、nt to_.retire2. Freezing weather did much _to the orange tree.damageattemptattemptaccomplishaccomplishdamagedamagecontactcontactretireretireby farby farturn overturn overgive upgive up be determinedbe determinedconquerconquernearbynearbymore overmore overall by oneselfall by oneselfHOMEBACKattemptat

52、temptaccomplishaccomplishdamagedamagecontactcontactretireretireby farby farturn overturn overgive upgive up be determinedbe determinedconquerconquernearbynearbymore overmore overall by oneselfall by oneself3. Ill _you by telephone when I hear anything new.contact4. The boy _ his fear of the dark and

53、 walked alone in the woods at night.conqueredHOMEBACKattemptattemptaccomplishaccomplishdamagedamagecontactcontactretireretireby farby farturn overturn overgive upgive up be determinedbe determinedconquerconquernearbynearbymore overmore overall by oneselfall by oneself5. He _ his seat on the bus to a

54、n old woman standing _.gave up; nearby6. Do you believe that a 15-year-old girl has translated this English story into Chinese _.all by herselfHOMEBACKattemptattemptaccomplishaccomplishdamagedamagecontactcontactretireretireby farby farturn overturn overgive upgive up be determinedbe determinedconque

55、rconquernearbynearbymore overmore overall by oneselfall by oneself7. He made a new _ to solve the problem, but failed again.attempt8. He is a man of great ability. I am sure that a lot will be _ if he is elected chairman of the student union.accomplishedHOMEBACKattemptattemptaccomplishaccomplishdama

56、gedamagecontactcontactretireretireby farby farturn overturn overgive upgive up be determinedbe determinedconquerconquernearbynearbymore overmore overall by oneselfall by oneself9. Jack arrived an hour late for the meeting. _, he didnt even apologize or give any explanation.moreover10. He says you ar

57、e _ the best candidate (候选人）.by farHOMEBACKattemptattemptaccomplishaccomplishdamagedamagecontactcontactretireretireby farby farturn overturn overgive upgive up be determinedbe determinedconquerconquernearbynearbymore overmore overall by oneselfall by oneself11. In those days the Portuguese were tryi

58、ng to reach India by sailing round Africa, but Columbus _ to prove that India could be reached by sailing west.was determined 12. The boat _, throwing the boys into the water.turned overHOMEBACKCompleting sentences Ex. 6 Complete the following sentences, using the words given in brackets.1. I that i

59、t was a mistake to let him go. (cant help) I cant help thinking that it was a mistake to let him go.2. After drinking heavily at the New Years Eve party, the next morning with a painful headache. After drinking heavily at the New Years Eve party, I was wakened the next morning with a painful headach

60、e.HOMEBACKCompleting sentences Ex. 6 Complete the following sentences, using the words given in brackets.3. His classmates tried to swimming across the lake, but he did not listen. (dissuade) His classmates tried to dissuaded him from swimming across the lake, but he did not listen.4. After studying