词汇课讲义1127单词monica

1、11.27单词讲义section51+52+53 Monica记得录屏1 复习回顾大家好，这是每次课的复结，我给大家录制了一个小音频。同学们每次上完词汇课，把课堂的内容消化得差不多了，再去听这个音频效果才是最好的。因为这个是课程之外的福利，所以大家如果觉得有用就听，如果没用可 以out. 但是不要基于此对我进行过多的批评指责以及要求。我主要是为了之前想要听单词磨耳朵的同学录的。我也不希望我做的一个额外的事情，反而带来大家对讨厌，这是我最不愿意看到的。先录一个音频试试，如果需要的同学多，我会考虑继续录。音频：4m3o同根词tin抓住 continuity, pertinent, impertin

2、entmis= mitemit, submissive, premisecred相信 credit, discredit, credulous, credibility pos放 expose, compose, depositpot能力 potential, potent, impotency sed坐 president, supersedesens感觉 sense, consensusd相信 condence, difdent, delity tract拉 abstract, attract, distract同根词vad跑 evade, invade, pervade laps倒下 l

3、apse, collapse, relapsetenu薄：tenuous, attenuate, extenuate clus/clud关闭：reclusive, preclude, seclude viv活：vividly, reviveduc引导：conducive, induce, seduce, ductile ped脚：expedite, impede, expediencytend伸展：tendentious, pretentious同义词博爱的：humanitarian, benevolent, humane, philanthropic减轻：assuage, mitigate,

4、 mollify刺激：galvanize, motivate, stimulate, spur取代：supersede, displace, replace, substitute, supplant相等：tantamount, equivalent, equal重要：germane, relative, relevant提前：in advance, ahead of time的：contradictory, mixed, ambivalent无效的：unproductive, futile同义词珍贵的：premium, expensive, valuable给出信号：signal, ag：p

5、reclude, forestall, prevent：aversion, antipathy, disinclination乐观的：optimistic, sanguine, rosy精心设计：purposefulness, design普遍的：general, generic客观公平：impartiality, objectivity不的：insincere, disingenuous同义词削弱，使无力：hamstring, impair, undermine使：revitalize, resuscitate, refresh使精力充沛：invigorate, animate, energ

6、ize, fortify大胆的：, intrepid, fearless难捕捉的，难懂的：evasive, elusive偷偷的：furtive, clandestine, covert增强：reinforce, undergird, strengthen, fortify简朴的：stoic, ascetic, spartan追求完美的：fastidious, demanding, exacting和善的：congenial, genial同义词兜售：tout, sell承认：acknowledge, concede, confess阻碍：hamper, inhibit, manacle, s

7、hackle, hinder, impede通信：correspondence, letter使窒息：suffocate, smother, stie夸张的：histrionic, dramatic, melodramatic 有害的：deleterious, detrimental, devastating重要的：essential, indispensable哀悼：lament, condole没用的：bootless, fruitless, futile同义词贬低的：detracting, deprecatory无所不在的：ubiquitous, prevalent, omniprese

8、nt使分心：detract, distract怀疑：doubt, question形近词exasperate, exacerbate germane, German nature, nurtureintelligent, intelligible, intellectual trepid, tepidstimulate, simulatesever, severe, serve, revere historical, histrionic commend, commence deter, defer2 新词汇Section 511. The inconspicuous（不明显的） locati

9、on and lack of striking vistas（显眼的景色） that characterize the villa（别墅） reect（反映出=mirror；反映，反思，反射） the aspect of its creatorsality.volatile善变的=capricious, mercurial, labileA.B. grandiose浮夸的=amboyant, pretentiousgrandiloquent语言浮夸的segregategregarious喜欢社交的；群居的greg人群C.D.self-effacing低调谦虚的eraseefface使不被人注意

10、；擦除=eradicate,E. imperious专横傲慢的=bumptious , haughtyempire51-2. Since many prehistoric tools were made of materials, such as wood,bone, and antler, that tend to decay（腐烂，） quickly, thesearchaeological specimens（标本） aretheir stone counterparts（对等物）.A. cruder than粗糙的学的rud原始的 rude粗鲁的 rudimental基本的 erudi

11、te博derived from来源于derivative非的，旧的 反：original, seminalB.C. found with在中找到rarer than更少的反：frequentD.E.similar to相似dissimilar不同的simulate模仿52-3. As the pace of the trial（审讯） (i), the wait at the beginning of the day became less interminable（无尽的；terminate终结）, and the attorneys requests to suspend（暂停） proc

12、eeding for private conferences with the judge, almost invariably（总是） granted（同意） early on（过去）,were routinely（例行公事地） (ii).Blank (i)Blank (ii)A. slowed放慢D. rebuffed言辞拒绝buffbuffet自助餐refuse, reject, repudiateB. materialized实现=realize material物质；重要的immaterial不重要的E. repeated重复C. accelerated=speed upF. rec

13、ounted描述；重新计算count计算51-4. Managers who categorically（绝对地） squelch（low-tiered（底层） employees run the obvious hazard（=quell） insights from） of (i)creativity;conversely（相反地）, these very same managers are more likely to (ii)anyideas that ow down from the top brass（上层） .vers转adverse相反的, adversary对手, adver

14、sity逆境conversant精通的, versatile多面手, verse 使精通；诗歌Blank (i)Blank (ii)A. fomenting的incite, instigate, provokeD. unquestioningly embrace无条件地支持unconditionallyembrace, espouse支持brace支柱；激励B. smothering抑制的bridle, check, curbE. arbitrarily denounce武断地谴责denounce谴责nounc说announce宣布 enunciate清晰地说C. sparking发出火花的F

15、. conditionally approve有条件地赞成conditional有附加条件的 =provisory51-5. A birds feathers would seem to be a (i) design for protecting a bird from attack by microscopic organisms. They create a warm, moist space next to the skinthat could be an ideal incubator（孵卵器；incubate孵化；培养） for spores（孢子）.Wild birds rare

16、ly (ii) skin diseases, however. The chemicals in the sebuminclude an array of antibacterial（抗菌的） and antifungal（反真菌） agents thatallow the birds skin to (iii)Blank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)A. perfect完美的D. contract 合同；收缩； tractG. stay healthy保持健康B. typical典型的atypical异常的E. overcome克服胜过=overshadow, outstr

17、ip, eclipseH. become irritated发炎irritate激怒=exasperateC. poor糟糕的F. notice注意noticeable显眼的=conspicuous, remarkableI.recover quickly迅速恢复51-6. The skin of the poison dart grog contains deadly poisons calledbatrachotoxins. But the (i)of the toxins（毒素；toxic的，intoxicant令人陶醉的东西，intoxicate使陶醉 ） has remained a

18、n enigma（谜）, as the frog does not (ii)them. Now an analysis suggests that the melyridbeetle is the source. Collected beetle specimens all containedbatrachotoxins, suggesting that these beetles are (iii) by the frogs .Blank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)A. effect后果，影响effective有效的ineffective无效的=fecklessD. pr

19、essure施加G. eaten被吃B. originoriginal新的；最初的E. produce生产H. neutralized抵消annul, cancel, counteractneutral中立的C. purpose目的F. suffer fromI. poisoned51-7. Far from（不是；取反的方程等号） innovations, as the patent（专利；明显的=apparent ） system was designed to do, the patenting of concepts such as gene sequences gives indiv

20、iduals andcorporations a legal chokehold（压制；chock使窒息=suffocate） over ideas that should be useful to all.A. spurring促进=E=stimulateB. recognizing识别，承认=Dspurn拒绝C. codifying编写=Fcodifycode代码encode编码decodeD. acknowledging认可, 承认E. fostering促进，培养=cultivate, nurtureF. cataloging逐条列举catalog51-8. The 1840s wer

21、etime for young women beginning to study science, particularly astronomy; in 1847 Maria Mitchell discovered the Nantucket comet, the rst of several important astronomical discoveries ofthe era.a favorable有利的=Fan awkward笨拙的=clumsyA.B.C.D.E.F.的=D的experiment实验haphazard漫无目的的=aimlessa perilousa hazardous

22、perihazardan improbable不的=implausible, incredible, unbelievablean auspicious吉利的=propitious反：ominousuntoward不利的的omen预兆51-9. To keep the museums admission（） lines moving, securityinspections（安全检查） are considerably.thorough彻底详尽的=exhaustive, complete区分：through通过A.B.annoying讨厌的=Enoisome恶臭的；讨厌的C. cursory草

23、率的=D=headlong, hurried, precipitate, precipitouscasual随意的，偶然的 = inadvertent, incidentalirritating令人生气的D.E.F.methodical有条理的=systematicmethod方法51-10. The evil of class and race hatred must be eliminated（消除） while it isstill state; otherwise, it may grow to dangerous proportions（比例）.an amorphous无固定形状的=

24、shapelessa没有 morphA.B.forman overt明显的变covert偷偷的 cover掩盖covet渴望得到 convert转a rudimentary基本的=F=fundamental, basic, elementalrud原始的C.D.E.的threaten to do将要a threatening an independent的的=unconditional区分：interdependent 相互依赖an embryonic萌芽期的embryo胚胎F.Section 521. The jurys（陪审团） verdict（裁决） was such a surpris

25、e that thepopulace（） rioted（） in the streets; nothing less than areversal（逆转） of the verdict couldthem.mollify平息抚慰=assuage, conciliate, placateA.B. emulsify乳化mul软negropetr石头abusedenigrate诋毁C.D.E.，petroleum石油use用petrifydisabuse纠正52-2. We often regard natural phenomena like rainfall as mysterious and

26、unpredictable; although for short time spans （时段；span=range）andparticular places they appear so, in fact on a truly global scale, nature hasbeen a mof.A. reliability可靠B. diversity多样；C. complexity复杂reliable可靠的= discrepancy, disparity, dissimilarityD. plasticity可塑plastic=malleableE. discontinuity不连续ti

27、n=holdpertinacious顽固的continue52-3. There has been great enthusiasm in the United States for reducing fossilfuel dependence by increasing production of biofuels（生物） from cropssuch as corn and switchgrass, but this (i) about biofuels potential shouldbe (ii)by a realistic appraisal（评估；appraise） of the

28、costs andcBlank (i)Blank (ii)A. forbearance克制， forbearforebear祖先D. tempered减轻，缓和temperate有节制的=moderateB. exuberance热情洋溢uber果实exuberant热情洋溢的=ebullient,buoyantE. delineated描绘=depict, displayC. obduracy固执，冷漠dur硬obdurate冷漠的=indurateF. exacerbated=worsen, aggravate, foment acerb酸涩的，尖酸的52-4. According to

29、Dr. Edith Widder, measuring the level of pollutants in sediment provides a more accurate and robust indication of anestuarys（河口） health than does measuring the level of chemicals in thewater, since pollution in water is (i), but pollution in sediment is(Blank (i)Blank (ii)A. declining下降decline拒绝=ref

30、use, spurn, repudiateD. signicant重要的B. manageable容易的malleableE. persistent持久的C. transient短暂的ephemeral, evanescent, transitoryF. detectable可检测的，可发现的detect发现detectable可感知的=perceptible,discernible, palpable52-5. Compared with, say（可以说，举例子）, the precision of a skein of geese （鹅；goose）winging its way acr

31、oss the autumn sky in a V formation, the seasonal marches of grazers across the Serengeti seem (i), and at times even (ii).But, in fact, years of careful observation by scientists have shown that there is(iii) those migrations of zebras, wildebeests, and Thomsons gazelles.Blank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (ii

32、i)A. disorganized的disarray, unruliness混乱D. illusionary错觉的illusion, delusion幻觉G. a tendency toward aggression in的倾向gress走regress后退progress进步B. purposeful有目的的purpose目的purport打算E. overwhelming大量的；势不可挡的overwhelm使不知所措H. an undeniable grandeur toundeniable不可否认的grandeur 重要；壮观grand大grandstanding哗众取宠C. massi

33、ve巨大的，大量的mass块amass积累F. chaotic的I. a denite order to有明确的顺序52-6. Biologists have little (i)drawing the link between the success ofhumaand human (ii)., many biologists claim that this attribute, theability to (iii) , or, to put it more sharply, to make individuals subordinate（征服sub, order ） their self

34、-interest to the needs of the group, lies at the root of humanaBlank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)A. consensus regarding共识D. resilience恢复力the ability to recoverG. reect反思B. compunction about内疚punct尖punctilious一丝不苟的punctual准时的E. sociability社交力H. communicateC. justication for理由reasonF. uniqueness独一无二I.coope

35、rate合作=collaborate, league52-7. Given（因为） theof solid case studies of environmentdegradation（;grade走 ；retrograde；degrade贬低）, this newstudy adds very little to our knowledge of the eld.A. erroneousness错误err游荡aberrant异常的erratic善变的plethora过多ple满 complementary互补的 deplete耗尽 replete丰富的B.C.D.E.F.surfeit过度i

36、naccuracyfeit做counterfeit假冒forfeit罚金确=imprecisionrigor严厉rigorous严厉的=stern, rigidoutcome结果=, consequence52-8. Although his original mission（最初的任务） was a failure, Russian botanist Michael Friedrich Adams achieved an unexpectedwhen hefound, by chance, the carcass（残骸remains） of a woolly mammoth.结论compel

37、lingupheaval剧变conclusive令人信服的=convincing, decisive,A.B.C.tumult, turmoil, uproartriumph胜利=prevail, conquerbombshell令人success的事情D.E.F.bombventureadventuremisadventure52-9. The medical researchers replied to the charge（指责） that their proposed new treatment wasby demonstrating that it in factobserved s

38、tandard medical practices.deleterious有害的 delete删除祸根A.pernicious, detrimental, banefulbane证实的test检验detest厌恶orthodox正统的；传统的=conventionalB.C.D.E.F.untestedunorthodox异端的=heterodoxexpensive昂贵的intricate复杂的expansive话多的=loquacious, garruloustric=trickinvolved, knotty, convolutedconventional=traditional传统的un

39、conventional非传统的52-10. Because experience（体验） had convinced her that Hector was both self-seeking（自私的） and avaricious（贪婪的 =voracious, rapacious ）, she rejected the possibility that the motivation behind his donation hadbeen wholly.redundant多余的frivolous不严肃的und流abundant大量的 inundate淹没A.B.反：serious, sol

40、emn 严肃的C. egotistical自私的selessegoistic自我为中心的ego自我反：altruistic,ephemeral短暂的=evanescent, transient, transitoryD.E. altruistic利他的= philanthropic, benecentF.benevolent仁慈的bene好benet好处Section 531. By the early nineteenth century, education in the United States had become affair（事务）: almost every town prov

41、ided free schools for young children, and many were in the process of building high schools.an analytical分析的analyze分析paralyze使瘫痪civilization文明A.lazB. a civic市民的civil公民的，有礼貌的a contested争论的uncontested一致同意的=consentaneousC.D.E.a trivial不重要的=immaterial, inconsequential, insignicantan exclusive唯一的；独家的；排外的

42、=onlyclud关闭 exclude排除precludeseclude53-2. Hischaracter enables him to work with people who often holdsometimes even conict views.choleric易怒的chol胆汁melancholy忧郁A.B.intransigent固执的intransigobdurate, pertinacious, stubbornC. ofcious多管闲事的=prying, snoopy和平的=dovish形近：ironic讽刺的D.E.irenicprudent谨慎的=circumspe

43、ct, wary明智的=sagacious53-3. The scientists motivation for (i) a ban（；banish） onthe addictive（使人上瘾的） food cannot be called (ii). He himself hada patent for the substitution（代替） for the addictive food.Blank (i)Blank (ii)A. advocating提倡voc说话equivocate地说vociferous喧闹的convoke召集开会D. altruistic利他的=benevolent

44、, philanthropic,benecentB. opposingtransgress, fracture, contradictE. solemn严肃的=earnest, graveC. conceding承认=acknowledge, avow否认：disavowF. effective有效的ineffective无效的=feckless, bootless, fruitless, futile53-4. Since the eld of quantum mechanics is often considered to be(i), it was surprising to nd it

45、 attracts so much (ii)interest.Blank (i)Blank (ii)A. abstruse难懂的trus推obtrusive 扎眼的D. cursory草率的=headlong, precipitate, rashcur跑concur同意；同时发生excursive离题的=discursiveincursion B. unconventional非传统的E. technical科技的C. interdisciplinary跨学科的F. general普遍的=generic, universal53-5. To many newspapers readers no

46、w, this book published in 1953 is (i). It is lled with references（参考文献） to some people whoseideas seemed (ii)at that time, but are rarely viewed as (iii) Blank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)D. unfashionable过时的=outdated的A. refreshingly inspired激发G. ignoble=despicable, base, sordidnobleB. somewhat dated过时的E.

47、 dutiable应交税的H. prolic多产的=fecund, fruitful,productiveC. excessively angry非常生气excessive极度的=redundant, surplus,superuousF. important重要的I.seminal重要的=inuential创新的semindisseminate宣传，53-6. Unambiguous（clear） texts can allow their readers to (i)themquickly, but ambiguous texts can have the attractive (ii)o

48、f multiple possible interpretations, all of which can be considered equally (iii) ,and none of which is the single true meaning.Blank(i)Blank (ii)Blank (iii)A. misunderstand误解D. stigma=Esti=sting刺G. valid合理的B. comprehend理解comprehensive全面的comprehensible可理解的E. blemish blameH. frank坦白的to be frankC. complicate复杂的F. allure lureI.inveterate根深蒂固的=ingrained, chronicveteran 老兵53-7. Although the company still loses the occasional lawsuit（）,