高中非谓语动词用法总结表格版

1、非谓语动词非谓 语动 词相对谓语动词的时间意义例句式不定式说明行为在谓语动词所表示的行为之后，多数是那些表愿望的词：want; hope; expect; wish等。I want to go home.I hope to see you.说明行为与谓语动词表示的行为同时发生，多 数是那些省略不定式符号的词，一般是复合宾 唐0I saw him come in.He helped him (to) carry things.式动名词表示动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发出。We enjoyed seeing the film.I am thinking of taking over the job

2、.在动词 insist on; rely on; count on（相信）等后表示动作在谓语动词表示的动作之后发生。He insisted on doing that work在有些明确表小时间先后的动词和介词on;upon after代替完成动名词表小的动作在谓语 动词表小的动作先发生。I remember seeing him before.On arriving Beijing, he went to see his friend.式分词现在分词持续性 动词说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。He stood there speaking.Holding a book u

3、nder his arm, he entered the room.终止性 动词说明分词表示的动作发生之后, 句中谓语动词表示的动作立刻发 生。Entering the room, I found nobody in.Turning to the right, you will find the post office.过去持续性 动词通常说明分词表示的动作，此句 中谓语动词表示的动作先发生。Written in simple English, the book is easy to read.分词I can't find my lost pen.说明分词表示的动作和句中谓语动词表示的

4、动作并无先后。He is a person well-known in this country.代替完成式现在分词的被动语70 0Educated by the party, he became a brave fighter.完成式不定式说明行为动词在谓语动词表示的行为动词之前发生。I'm sorry to have troubled you.He is said to have come here.He is thought to have done it.He is believed to have done it.He seemed to have known it.在 wi

5、sh, hope, expect, intend, mean, suppose等动词过去时后，说明行为动词没有 实现。We wished to have done this.I expected to have left by then.(=I had expected to heave by then.)完成式动名词说明动名词表小的动作，此句中动词表小的动作先发生。We regret having told you the news.After having finished his work, he went home.He denied having broke the glasses.

6、完成式分词说明分词表示的动作，此句中谓语动词表示的 动作先发生。多数表十些瞬时间动词。如果 是hear; see 或表小位置转移的动词 arrive;eave; turn; open. 不用完成时Having finished his work, he went home.Sitting down with him, we begun to discussit.Hearing this, he rose and went to the door.非谓语动词的被动语态1.非谓语动词被动语态的意义非谓语动词意义和用法例句表示被动的意义The meeting is to be held next w

7、eek.He wanted to be sent to the hard area.不定式有时主动形式表示被动的意义，同被动没什么区 别，具有“应该”.“值的”的意思。不定式是主 语的承受者，但有时作某些形容词的宾语，如：nice, easy, hard, difficult, fit, suitable, good, heavy, comfortable, cheap等。The box is not strong enough to stand this.It's too small to see.There is a lot of work to doThe house is to

8、 let at low rent.I am not to blame.Houses are still to seek.Much remains to do.The text is hard to learn.表示被动的意义He insisted on being sent to the hard area.动名词在动词need, require等的主动语态和形容词worth后，表示被动的意义My watch needs repairing.The book is worth reading.分词现在分词表示被动的意义The building being built is a school.N

9、ot having been told, he didn't know where to start.过去分词表示被动的意义Heated, the metal expands.2. 一般现在分词，完成的现在分词和过去分词表示被动意义的区别非谓语动词意义和用法例句一般式现在分词含有具体的意义，说明和句中谓语动词表 示的动作同时发生，一般是持续性动词The person being criticized is our monitor.元成式分词表示动作状态比句中谓语动作先发生，一般是瞬间动词Not having been told about it, I don't know ho

10、w to do it.过去分词具有一船的意义，强调事实，说明比句中 谓语动词表示的动作先发生，有时同完成 式的被动词态口互换。Given more time,(二Having been given) I can do it much better.三.非谓语动词的句法作用1 .非谓语动词的句法作用一览表非谓语动词句子成分不定式动名词分词主语VV宾语直接宾语VV短语动词宾语VV宾语补语VVV介词宾语V形容词宾语VV表语VVV定语VVV状语VV同谓语VV插入语VV2 .非谓语动词作主语非谓语动词意义和用法例句不定式动词不定式表示比较具体的意义, 经常和特定的动作和执行者联系 起来，经常带时间或地点

11、状语，有 时表示将要发生的动作。To master a foreign language is no easy job.To do it well is my earnest desireTo see this film is to waste time.To solve this problem is out of the question动词不定式（短语）作主语时，常见 的另一种形式是在旬首用先行代 词it作形式主语，而将动词不定 式（短语）移到谓语之后作真正主 语。用于这种形式是一些特定形容 词，动词和名词1）形容词作表语（常见的形容词有：important,difficult, eas

12、y hard possible）It is foolish to act in this way.It sounds reasonable to do it this way.It appears likely for them to arrive.2）动词作谓语（常见的动词后：require, cost, amusedelight, irritate, annoyIt took much time to do this.It makes us excited to think about that.It needed hard work to finish the job.It does n

13、o good to say like that.It didn't occur to me to ask him to help me.3）名词作表语It seems a pity to waste them.It is a great pleasure to do thisIt is a good idea to think this way.动名词动名词表求比较抽象（一般）和 经常性的意义，有时可同/、定式互 换Collecting stamps is a good hobby.Swimming is a best sport in summer.There is no telli

14、ng what will happen.There is no denying the fact.There is no need informing him of it.动名词短语作主语时，常见的另一 种形式是在旬首用先行代词it作 形式主语面将动名词短语移至谓 语之后作真实主语。用于这种形式 是一些特定形容词和名词1）形容词作表语（常见的形容词有：enjoyable, good, hard, worthwhile）It is nice talking to you.It's foolish behaving like that.It is useless doing that2）名

15、词作表语It's waste of time doing this.It's no good (use)doing that.It's an awful job doing this. It's fun doing thisIt is not an easy task doing this work.3 .非谓语动词作宾语成分非谓语动词意义和用法例句直 接 宾 语不定式不定式的逻辑主语一般同谓语动词的主语-<I want to read a novel.用于该形式的常见的动词后：afford, agree, aim, apply, arrange, ask

16、, choose, claim, decide, decline, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, swear, threaten, wish.有时宾语省略不定式符号(常见的有：let fall, let pass, let go, let slip, 'd better, 'd rather, 'd soon,He made believe he was correct.动词不定式（短语）作 宾语时，如其后有补足

17、 语，则可以用先行语 it作形式宾语，而将 动词不定式（短语）后 移作直接宾语He found it necessary to work hard at English.用于该形式的常见的动词后：acknowledge, believe, consider, count, declare, deem, deny, esteem, fancy, feel, find, guess, imagine,udge, know, make, prove, realize, report, see, show, suppose, suspect, take(think), understand, thin

18、k.动名词动名词的逻辑主语有 时同谓语动词的主语 不一aDo you mind my smoking动名词（短语）作宾语 时，如其后有补足语则 可以用先行词it作形 式宾语，而将动名词短 语后移作直接宾语We found it troublesome solving this problem.Weconsider it worthwhile spending sometime onthis.有一类动词后面必须跟动名词We enjoyed staying there.常见的动词后： admit, abhor, acknowledge, advise, advocate, avoid, confe

19、ss, consider, contemplate, defer, delay, deny, discontinue, excuse, evade, fancy, finish, imagine, include, nvolve, justify, keep(on), mind, necessitate, pardon, postpone, practise, renounce, resent, facilitate, favor, miss, resist.有一类动词后向可跟 动名词也可以跟不定 式1)意义区别不大。He began learning (to learn) English a

20、t the age of five.常见的动词后：start, like, hate, love, continue,prefer, commence, attempt, intend, propose, decline, endure, neglect, omit, recollect, recall, bear.2）意义有区别a) remember doing sthremember to do sthb)forget doing sthforget to do sthc)regret doing sthregret to do sthd)try doing sthtry to do st

21、h e)mean doing sthmean to do sth f)stop doing sthstop to do sthg)can't help doing sthcan't help to do sthh)go on doing sthgo on to do sth记住做过某事。记住要做某事。忘记做过某事。记住要做某事。遗憾做过某事。遗憾要做某事。试着做某事。努力做某事。意旨做某事。打算做某事。停止做某事。停下来做某事。忍不住做某事。不能帮做某事继续做某事。接着做另一事。短 语 动 词宾 语动名词这一类多是动词和小品词构成的短语He insisted on doing

22、that.常见的短语启： stand up, leave off, put off, giveup, can't help(stand)不定式这一类多数是一些特 定的用法。He is about to leave. He did nothing but play.'d rather do sth, 'd better do sth, 'd like/loveto do sth,宾 语 宾 补不定式强调动作发生的事实、将要和应该做的事We saw him come in. I asked him to help me.I helped him (to) learn

23、 English.He arranged for me to stay there.常见的动词启：1)省略不定式符号的动词： make, let, have, see, hear, notice, watch, observe, listen to, look at2)表示“致使”意义的动词：advice, cause, allow, ask, beg, drive, encourage, expect, forbid,force, get, intend, invite, permit, persuade, remind, teach, tell, trust, urge, want, wa

24、rn3)表示心理状态的动词：consider, declare find, prove, think, know, believe, discover, feel, imagine, judge, suppose, understand.4)短语动词 arrange for, prepare for, providefor, ask for, care for, long for, wait for, vote for, call on, rely on, depend on, count on动名词说明实际的情况，这种形式数量不多。We call this process testing.卜

25、/Veknow of the earth behaving as a large magnet.分词现在分词强调动作进行的过程I found him coming in.He kept him waiting outside.如谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了主语 补语，分词形式/、变。He was seen coming in过去分词表示动作已完成，同宾 语是被动关系，说明动 作在谓语动词表小的 动作之前。have (get) 表示的动 作往往表示别人完成， 有时这个动作可能由 主语完成We found him tied to the tree.I had my hair cut.I

26、can't get this motor started.如谓语动词是被动语态的形式，这时分词成了主语 补语，分词形式/、变。He was found tied to the tree.介词 宾 语i不定式立一类多是一些特定 I向形式，It1hardly remember what I did besides read.He had nothing in mind except to work hard.t is better to do some work than to spend the ime idly.rhere is no way out than climb the cl

27、iff.i动名词求一类数量较多。IE('m afraid of making mistakes while speaking English.He enjoys doing nothing but talking with her.3n (as soon as he arrived) arriving, he came tosee his friend.In (while) doing this, he learned a lot.常见的短语：look forward to, be used to, object to, prefer doing sth to doing sth形 容

28、 词 宾不定式这一类有些语法家也 认为是这些形容词的 原因状语。I am glad to see you.常见的形容词后：cross, angry, context, furious, happy, impatient, curious, proud, sorry,thankful, free, grateful, keen, anxious, eager, prone, ready, reluctant, willing, humble, ealous, miserable, (un)able, lucky, sad这一类肩些语法家也 认为是这些形容词的 原因状语。I am surprise

29、d to see you.常见的过去分词后：annoyed, ashamed, astonished, bored, concerned, amazed, confused delighted, determined, disappointed, disgusted, displeased, dissatisfied, distressed,embarrassed, excited, fascinated, inclined, overjoyed, overwhelmed, pleased, prepared, puzzled, qualified, worried, offended, sc

30、ared, thrilled, vexed动名词这一类多是一些特定 的用法。The tree seems like trembling.The book is worth reading.He is busy working.114 .非谓语动词作表语非谓语动词意义和用法连系动词例句不定式表示具体的动作，表示打算、计划、命令和要求等意义有时可用appear, seem, happen等作连 系动词To see is to believe. Seeing is believing.( 一 般同主语的形式一直)What I wanted to do is write it down.The onl

31、y thing you can do is wait and see.How am I to pay such a debtSuch questions are to be avoided.He was never to see his friend again.What he said proved to be true.He seems to be ill.常#语的名WW: aim, ambition, duty, hope, idea, intention, mistakes, plan, purpose, suggestion.动名词相当于名词，说 明主语动作的 情况和状态。TK是 b

32、eWhat like best is swimming in the sea.My job is teaching English(My job is to teach them to learn English.)Seeing is believing.有时同/、定式可以互换Our duty is serving the people.Our duty is to serve the people.分词现在分词相当于形容词，说明主语动作性质的。一般分词后/、冉接任何成份有时可用become ; get等It is annoying that the meeting should be put

33、 off.常见作表语的现在分词有：amusing, boring, charming, comforting, confusing, disappointing, discouraging, disturbing, embarrassing, exciting, pleasing, fascinating, interesting, inviting, missing, obliging, promising, puzzling, shocking, striking, surprising.过 去 分 词相当于形容词 说明主语动作 的性质或状态， 一般后面带介 词短语，有些形 容词化的过去

34、分词前可加 very.有时可用Become ;get ;remain ;appear ; seem; fell; go; look 等动词He remained puzzled. He appeared satisfied with that.My work is finished. My watch is gone.常见的过去分词后：1)常见带介词about分词： annoyed, concerned, excited, pleased,puzzled, shocked, worried 2)常见带介词 at分词：amazed, amused, annoyed, astonished, de

35、lighted, disappointed, disgusted,displeased, dissatisfied, excited,offended, overjoyed, pleased, shocked, surprised, 3) 常见带介词against 分词： arranged, prepared, irritated, arranged 4) 常见带介词 for 分词：celebrated, concerned, destined, disqualified, noted, prepared,pressed, qualified. 5)常见带介词 in 分词：absorbed,

36、celebrated, concerned,disappointed, delighted, dressed,embarrassed, engaged, entangled, experienced, interested lost, 6)常见带介词 on 分词：founded, based, bent, set 7)常 见带介词 to 分词：abandoned, accustomed, acquainted, addicted, adapted, committed, dedicated, destined, devoted, doomed, engaged, entitled, expos

37、ed, known, lost, opposed, related, inclined, married 8)常见带介词 with 分词：annoyed, bored, concerned, delighted, disappointed, discontented, disgusted, displeased, dissatisfied, equipped, excited, occupied, obsessed, pleased, pressed, satisfied, socked, stunned, surrounded loaded, tormented, torture5 .非谓语

38、动词作定语非谓语动词位置意义和用法例句不定式动词不式必须放在所修饰词（名或表小将要发生，应该 做的动作，说明动作 在谓语动词表小动作I have much work to do.He has no place to live in.代）后之后，具有形容词性 质。有时根据思思的需要加开词,这时介词不 能省略，因被修饰的名词是它的宾语。动名词动名词放在在所修饰的词前说明所修饰词的性质，具有名词的性质， 它同所修饰的名词问 /、存在什么主谓关系He looked me with questioning eyes.a living room.一股 形式分词现在分词在所修饰词前，有些放在所修饰词后说明正

39、在进行的动作，同它所修饰的动 作存在着逻辑主谓关 系a sleeping boy, on the day following, for years running过去分词在所修饰词前，有些放在所修饰词后表小被动的意思，多 数/、及物动词的过去 分词/、能用作定语， 只有少数表示动作改 变的动词表小在谓词 动词动作之前完成a lost child, a fallen leaf, retiredworkers, faded flowersWe have no time left.Fill the blanks with the words given.短语不定式放在所修饰词后一股表小要做和应该做的

40、动作。He is the first one to come this morning.I have a lot of housework to do at home.There is a lot of work to do in the company.He didn't have the chance to go to school in the past.1) 一般所修饰词是抽象名词agreement, attempt, claim, decision,decisive, determination, failure, hope, intention, need, plan, p

41、romise, refused, resolution, tendency, threat, wish2）说明被修饰词内容的名词campaign, chance, courage, efforts, evidence, fight, news, measures, move, movement, opportunity, position, power, reason, right, skill, strength, struggle, means3）跟不定式作状语的形容词生成转化来 的抽象名ability, ambition, anxiety,curiosity, eagerness, im

42、patience, reluctance, willingness分词放在所修饰词后现在分词短语有动作 进行之意。过去分词短语后被动 之意。The bird singing in the tree is very beautiful.This is the bird shot by the boy.My brother, working in the south will be coming in a few days.6 .非谓语动词作状语非谓语动词意义和用法例句不定式表示目的，很常用。He went home to see his mother.He came to ask a quest

43、ion.He got up early in order to (so as to) have time to study.表示结果，很常用。She says so well as to bring down the house.Will you be so good as to tell him this?He is not old enough to do this.He is too excited to speak anything.表示原因，He laughed to see them fall down.He wept to hear the news.表示选择和比较She ope

44、ned her lips as through to speakHe would die rather than give in.表示条件To hear him talk, you would think he was tiring.分词表示时间，相当于表示时间， 相当于状语从句when,while oHe went through the papers while having breakfast.Since leaving school, I met him only once.常用于这些连词后 When, before, while, after, since表示原因，有时同用作时间状

45、语的分词难以分清，相当于原 因状语从旬 because, since, for 和 as。Being ill, he didn't come.Not understanding this, he asked the teacher about it.表小条件，相二丁条件状语从句if oGiven more time, I can finish the work.We'll not attack unless attacked.Working hard, you'll succeed.表示让步，相当于让步状语从旬 though, although 。Though warn

46、ed of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.表示结果，相当于结果状语从 句，这种分词前通常后thus 或 thereby。Their car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.表小方式He sat there, as though waiting.7 .非谓语动词作同谓语非谓语动词意义和用法例句不定式不很常用He has written two articles for the journal, one to be published in this iss

47、ue, the other to come out in the next.动名词不很常用I saw many people in the room, some talking, some listening.His chief hobby, sailing a boat, cost him most of his salary.8 .非谓语动词作插入语非谓语动词意义和用法例句不定式多是一些特定的短语To tell you the truth, to be fair, to be frank, to be short, to be sure, to be honest, to begin wi

48、th,to cut a long story short, to be exact, so to speakTo tell you the truth, I don' t know computers very well.动名词多是一些特定的短语Generally speaking, frankly speaking, strictly speaking.Generally speaking, his work is successful.四.非谓语动词的特殊形式形式非谓语动词意义和用法例句复合结构不定式for sb to do sth这种结构可用先行代词it作形式主语面将该结构后移作

49、真正主语。It is impossible for me to do this.It is for you to decide.It is time for us to do this.There is a lot of work for us to do.I'd like you to do it.常引导该形式的形容词有：dangerous, easy,useful, hard, difficult, strange, astonishing,pleasant, fortunate lucky, necessary, reasonable, right, wrong, natural

50、, interesting.with+名词或代词to dosth的复合结构表示将要发生的动作I feel quite easy, with her to help me.It (That) is + 形容词 of to do sth. 表示性格特征， 行为表现。 It kind of you to help me.常引导该形式的形容词后：absurd, bold, brave, careful, careless, cruel, considerate, clever, cunning, clumsy, decent, foolish, good, honest, impudent, naug

51、hty, nice, polite, right, rude, silly, splendid, wise, wrong, wonderful, thoughtful.send, bring, take 等动词 表目的时，可带出自己的逻 辑主语。The king sent the official to have a look.动名词动名词之前的名词，如果是 有生命的，通常用所属格表 示，如果是无生命的，则用 通格表示，现在后一种趋势 用名词和代词代替所有格。His coming won't help much.I don't mind your (you) smoking.They insisted on our staying there.We are happy about his coming to see us.Do you remember Mary coming to see you ?I objected to you smoking here.分词分词短语作状语时，一船没 有自己的主语，其逻辑主语He stood there with his hand rising (raised).