新人教版英语初二上册知识点

1、八年级英语（上）重难点归纳Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation ？1，一般过去时基本结构：主语+动词过去式+其他；否定形式：was / were + not;在行为动词前加 didnt,同时还原动词；一般疑问句： Was/Were+主语+其他？Did+主语+动词原形+其他？2,动词过去式规则变化：直接加 ed；以不发音 e结尾的单词，直接加 d;以辅音字 母+y结尾的，变 y为i加ed;以元音字母 +y结尾的，直接加 ed;以重读闭音节结尾的，双写最后的辅音字母+ed不规则变化的动词过去式（见书本最后一页）3 ， go on vacation 去度假be on

2、 vacation 在度假4， anyone 任何人，只用于指人，一般用在否定句、疑问句中，后面不接of 短语。做主语时位于动词用单数。Eg： Is there anyone at home？any one 任何一个，指人或物，后面接of 短语。Eg： You can take any one of these books.5， adj 修饰不定代词后置anything special something importantenough 作 adv, 修饰 adj/ adv 后置 old enough fast enoughelse作adj,修饰疑问代词和不定代词后置what else who

3、 else something else6， quite a few/ little 相当多7, How/ what about+V-ing/ n/ 代词 怎么样？（表建议、询问）8， most students= most of the studentsone of +the most +adj +n 复数表示最之一Eg： He is one of the most famous writers in China.A most +adj +n 非常Eg： Hangzhou is a most beautiful city.9， buy/ get sb sth= buy/ get sth fo

4、r sb10, what do you think of/ about ? = how do you like ?你认为怎么样？11， have fun， enjoy oneself， have a good/ great/ wonderful time+V-ing,12，主语 + seem+（ to be） +表语（ n/adj） eg： Tom seems to be a smart boy/ happy.It seems that从句 eg： It seems that he understand.主语 + seem to do stheg： He seems to understand

5、.13, adj 以-ing 结尾 ”令人的“ exciting , interesting , relaxing , boring以-ed 结尾 “人感到的 excited , interested, relaxed, bored14,询问价格： How much is ? Whats the price of？表示价格高低： be expensive/ cheapThe price of is high/ low15, get to, arrive in/at, reach,到达（如果后面接地点的副词home, here或there ,就不用介词in ,at, to）16， decide（

6、 not） to dodecide that 从句decide+疑问词+不定式17， try（ not） to do sth 尽力try doing sth 尝试try/ do one s best to do sthtry it on试穿（动副结构） try out试验 have a try试一试18， feel like 感觉像feel like doing sth/ want to do sth/ would like to do sth19， a lot of= lots of =plenty of20， in the past 在过去21， enjoy/ like doing22，感

7、叹句：How+adj+ 主谓！How+adj+a/an +n 单 +主谓！What+ a/an +adj+ n 单 +主谓！What+ adj+ n 复 / 不可数 +主谓！23， more than=over 超过less than 少于 more or less 或多或少24， wait for 等待25, too many 太多”修饰可数名词复数too much 太多修饰不可数名词much too 实在太修饰形容词或副词26, because+R句because of +n/ V-ing /代词27, enough 作 adj 修饰n，enough time enough moneyha

8、ve enoughto do sth eg： I have enough time to finish the work. enough 作 adv 修饰 adj/ adv old enough fast enoughenough for sb to do sth eg： The job is easy enough for me to do.notenough to doThe book isnt easy enough for me to read.too to The book is too difficult for me to read.so that The book is so

9、difficult that I can t read.28， the next day 第二天29， remember/ forget+to do 要做+doing 做过30， Stop sb from doing sth 阻止Stop to do 停下来去做其他事Stop doing 停止正在做的事31， another two hours=two more hours32, at the top of在顶端，名列之前 强调点on the top of在上面强调面33， find out 查明，弄清find 找到（结果）look for 寻找（过程）34， go on with/ doin

10、g sth 继续原来的事go on to do sth 继续做别的事35, so +adj +that +结果状语从句”如此以致”eg： I was so busy that I didn t go to sleep for 3 days.so that 引导目的状语从句，以便，为了（in order to）eg： they got up early so that they could catch the early bus.so +adj +（ a/ an+n 单数）that It is so important a meeting that I can t miss it.such+ a

11、/ an+ adj + n 单数+that It is such an important meeting that I can t miss it.such+ adj+n 复数/不可数+thatUnit 2 How often do you exercise ？1， How 如何（方式）how long 多长（时间）答语常用“（ For/ about +）时间段”how far 多远（距离）答语常用（It +s 数词 + miles/ meters/ kilometershow often多久一次（频率）答语常用 Always/ often/ every day/ 或次数+时间” 等表频率的

12、状语How soon 多快，多久以后，常用在将来时中。答语常用“in +时间段”how many 多少（接可数名词）how much （接不可数名词）2， exercise 作 v 锻炼，运动作 c 操，练习do morning/ eye exercises作 uc 锻炼take much/ more exercise3, at+钟点 at 7 o clock at noon/ at night （during/ in the day ） at this/ that time at the age of on+ 具体某天、星期、特指的一天、纪念日、节日on April 1 st on Sund

13、ay on a cold winter morningon Teachers Dayin +上午、下午、晚上、年、月、季节、年代、世纪in the morning/ afternoon/ eveningin 1999 in August in autumn in 1960s in the 21 st century4， help sb （ to） do sthhelp sb with sthwith sb s help= with the help of sb5， do（ the） housework= do chores6，频度副词（行前be 后）Always usually often s

14、ometimes seldom hardly never7, sometimes有时（频度副词） sometime （将来）有朝一日，（曾经）某天Some times 几次，几倍some time 一段时间（前面用介词for）8， go shopping= do some shopping9， once twice three times10， at once， right now ， right away， in a minute， in a moment， in no time 立刻，马上once more 再一次，重新once upon a time 从前，曾经11， every day

15、 每天everyday 日常的，每天的12， on the internet13， what s your favorite program ？ =what program do you like best ？14， free 空闲的in one s free time be free自由的as free as a fishfreedom n. 自由免费的The best things in life are free.15， be full =be busy 忙的be busy doing sth/ be busy with sthbe full of 充满eg： The bottle is

16、 full of milk.16, How come ?怎么会？为什么？17, may be为情态动词+动词原形，在句子中做谓语，maybe是副词，表示可能，大概，一般放在句首（perhaps）。18， stay up doing sth 熬夜做某事19， stay/ keep healthy20， at least=no less than21， ask sb about sth22, the result of 的结果be in good/ bad/ poor health be good/ bad for ones health at most=no more thanask sb（ n

17、ot） to do sth ask sb for help/ advice/ information as a result 结果23, be surprised that/ be surprised at/ be surprised to do 对 彳艮惊讶To one s surprise 另某人惊讶的是in surprise 惊讶地24， the answer to the question， a key to the door，a ticket to the ball game 25， although=though （与 but 不能连用）Even though/ if 即使，尽管a

18、s though/ if 仿佛，好像26, by介词+n/ v-ing/代词 通过方式by oneself 独自地by the way 顺便问/说一下by chance/ accident 偶然地by mistake 错误地learn by heart 记住27， the best way/ time to do 做某事最好的方式/时间28, 4个花费：人 +spend/ spends/ spent+时间/钱 + （in） doing sth/ on sth spend time with sb 人 +pay/ pays/ paid + 钱 +for sthIt takes/ took sb

19、+ 时间 +to do sth物 +cost/ costs/ cost +sb +钱29, die v.死亡，消失 died过去式dead adj 死亡的， 无生命的 dead dog have/ has been dead for二died agodying adj垂死的，快死的death n 死亡 the death of30， before it s too late 趁来得及31， “数字+percent of+ n ”作主语，谓语动词取决于 nEg： Twenty percent of the students exercise every day.Twenty percent of

20、 time passes.32， no one =nobody 指人，回答who， anyone， anybody 的提问None指人或物，可接 of短语，（all3）回答how many/ much, any,及有特定范围（ which ）的提问nothing 指物，回答what， anything 的提问Unit 3 I m more outgoing than my sister.1，比较级，最高级变化规则一般在词尾+ er或est;以e结尾的加r或st；重读闭音节双写辅音字母+ er或est;辅音字母+y结尾的，改y为i+ er或est;多音节词和部分双音节词，加 more或most。

21、不规则变化见书本P1142，比较级用法基本句型：主语+be+比较级+than+比较对象两者相比较用比较级eg： Who do you think is more outgoing ， Lily or Lucy ？Very， more， quite， so， too 等修饰原级；much， a little ， a lot， a bit， far ， even 等修饰比较级eg： I m much/ a little / a lot / a bit /farmore outgoing than my sister.I m even worse now.不能与人或事物自身相比较eg： He is

22、taller than any other student in his class.China is larger than any country in Africa.比较对象要一致（that代替不可数名词，those代替可数名词复数，所有格，ones）eg： The weather in Harbin is much colder than that in Wuhan.The students of Class One study harder than those of Class Two.My bike is newer than Tom s.比较级中出现 of the two/ t

23、wins结构时，adj比较级前要+the,不可用thanEg： Tom is the taller of the two brothers.“get/ become+比较级+and +比较级表示变得越来越”(多音节或部分双音节用 “more and more+原级)Eg: It gets warmer and warmer when spring comes.You re getting more and more beautiful.“the+比较级，the+比较级”表示越，就越Eg: The more you exercise, the stronger you will be.“Asas

24、”中间接原级，表示与一样,否定为not as/ soas表示不如Eg: He is as tall as his father.He is not as/ so tall as his father.“比较级+than” (more/ less +原级+than)与“not as/ so as”可以互换Eg: I m taller than you.You re shorter than me.You re not as/ so tall as me.比大/多/长/宽几倍，用“主语Chinese is more important than Biology.Biology is less im

25、portant than ChineseBiology is not as/ so important as Chinese+be+times+比较级+than+比较对象”Eg: Our classroom is twice larger than yours.重几斤，高几公分，大几岁，用主语 +be+数量词+比较级+than+比较对象” Eg: I m six years older than you.3, loudly 大声地响亮地（多含噪音之意） aloud 大声地出声地（强调出声）read aloud call aloud for helploud 大声地高声地常与speak shou

26、t laugh talk 连用响亮的大声的loud voice4, fast 强调速度快run/ drive fastquickly 强调动作、行动快soon 强调时间间隔短5, competition 体育书法朗读音乐等比赛 match 体育竞技比赛球类比赛 race 速度方面的竞赛赛跑赛龙舟等6, win+ 比赛奖项beat+人，团队7, ago 以前用于一般过去时放在一段时间后 before在以前，通常用于完成时，放在时间点或事件之前8, the same a尹be different frombe similar to =be like9, be good at+ V-ing=do w

27、ell in 擅长于be good for 对有益（be bad for 对有害）be good to 对友好（good 可用 friendly , nice , kind 替换）be good with 和相处好 =get on/ along well with10, true/ truly 指故事、说法、答案等与标准事实、实际情况相符real/ really 指人或事客观存在不是想象的11, take care of=look after 照顾care for照料、关心某人，喜欢某人、某物care about关心，计较，在乎12, make sb do sthmake sb/ sth +a

28、dj make me happymake sb +n.We made him monitor.make sb + 过去分词She spoke aloud to make herself heard.make it约定时间，做成某事，及时抵达 Let s make it at 10:00.Dont worry. He ll make it.13, both位置：行前be后both of them/ us=they/ we bothboth作主语，谓语动词用复数not both为部分否定，全部否定要用eithernot或者neitherboth and - =not only but （also）

29、 否定为： neither- nor14, be popular with sb受某人欢迎be popular in/ at在某地受欢迎15, it is +adj+for sb +to do sth （adj 修饰 to do sth） It is important for me to learn English. it is +adj+of sb +to do sth （adj 修饰 sb） It is kind/ friendly/ nice of you to help me.16, bring out使显现出17, share sth with sb 和某人分享18, other

30、其他的，另外的“，后接名词复数，有时other+n复数=others another 又一（个），另一（个），泛指总数为三个或三个以上中的任意一个，后接名词单数。the other （两者中的）另一个“，常与one连用，onethe other”表示一个，另 一个19, heart learn sth by heart 用心记 lose heart 灰心20, break the law/ rules/ world record 违法 /违规 /打破世界纪录Break off 打断 break away from 摆脱，脱离 break into 破门而入 break in 插嘴 Break

31、down 出故障 break out 爆发 break up 散火break ones words 食言Have a break/ rest 休息会儿21, laugh 发笑laugh at 嘲笑Smile微笑smile at对微笑22,定语从句：在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。引导定语从句的词称为关系词。关系词位于先行词和定语从句之间，起联系作用，同时又作定语从句的一个成分。定语从句的关系词引导定语的关系代词有：that, who （whom, whose）, which;关系副词（在定语从句中只能作状语，且不能省略）有：when, where

32、, why等。关系词的选择主要取决于两个因素：（1）先行词是什么（2）先行词在定语从句中作什么成分。关系代词（that, who, which , whose, whom）引导的定语从句。that/ who在从句中作主语，先行词为人。Eg : The girl that/ who is reading is my sister.that/ which在从句中作主语或宾语，先行词为物。Eg : The book that/ which is on the desk belongs to Tom.（主）He came back for the book that/ which he had for

33、gotten.(宾)whose在从句中作定语，先行词为人或物。Eg : This is the pencil whose point is broken.That is the girl whose mother died two years ago.whom/that在从句中作宾语，先行词为人。Eg : The girl whom/ that I spoke to is my cousin.关系副词(when/ where/ why)引导的定语从句。When在从句中作时间状语，其先彳亍局是表示时间的词( day/ year/ season等)。例如：我永远不会忘记我入团的那一天。I shal

34、l never forget the day I joined the League.解放军战士在人们最需要的时刻来到。The PLA men come at the time the people need them most.Where在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词是表示地点的词( place/ town/ home/ house) 例如：你还记得我们初次见面的地方吗？Do you still remember the place we first met?近来你去过你成长的小城吗？Have you been to the town you grew up recently?Why在从句

35、中作原因状语，其先行词是reason。例如：没有人知道他为什么上学总迟到。Nobody knows the reason he is often late for school23, call sb at +电话号码24, information【UC】通过学习、阅读、观察等得到的信息、情报、资料(侧重内容) news UC 广播、电视等报道的新闻、消息(强调新鲜、及时) a piece of news message C 口信、短信、信息(强调传递) take a message for sbleave a message to sb25, who do you think should g

36、et the job ? =in your opinion , who should get the job ?Unit 4 What s the best movie theater ?1,最高级的用法 用于三者或三者以上的比较eg: Which do you like best , Chinese, Math or English ?one of+最高级+n.复数表示最之一Eg: Lu Xun is one of the greatest writers last century.“the +序数词+最高级+n.单数+范围”表示“在一范围内一是第几一”Eg: Hainan is the s

37、econd largest island in China. 先行词被最高级或序数词修饰，只能用 that引导定语从句Eg: My cousin is the funniest person (that) I know.This is the first letter (that) I received from my sister. Of all +n.复数；of the + 数( 3) + n.复数；in/ at+地点2, Comfort v.使舒适，安慰comfortable adj. 舒适的( - uncomfortable)comfortably adv.舒适地3, Voice嗓音(

38、说话声、歌声、笑声、鸟鸣声) in a low voice小声地Noise杂音Sound任何可以听到的声音4, be close to 靠近5, choose-chosechoose from 从中选择choose to do sth 选择做某事6，Can I ask you some/ a few questions?7, Welcome to+地点8，So far= until now= up to now 至今为止9，Around/ near here= in the neighborhood10， thanks for +n/ V-ingThanks for your help/ th

39、anks for helping me.Thanks for your invitation/ thanks for inviting/ asking me. Thank you/ Thanks No problem/ You re welcome/ Thats all right/ Not at all/ It s a pleasure/ My pleasure/ Thats OK.11, talent n.天资，才能 talented adj.有天赋的 （funtalented）Have a talent for （doing） sth. 对（做）某事有天赋12， around the w

40、orld= all over the world13, have- in common 有相同特征 in common with 同一样14， Kind of 相当于副词，修饰形容词或副词，意为“稍微，有点”，与 a little/ bit 相近A kind of 意为“一种”， some kinds of 意为“几种”， different kinds of 意为“不同种类的” ， all kinds of 意为“各种各样的”。这里的kind 是“种，类，属”的意思。15， and so on 等等16, be up to是的职责，由决定 be up to sb to do sth应由某人做

41、某事17, play a role/ part in doing sth在中扮演角色，在中发挥作用，有影响18， 部分否定：all ， both， everyone， everybody， everything ， everywhere， every， each， always等与 not 连用表示部分否定。全 部 否 定 ： all none， both neither ， everyone no one/ nobody/ not anyone ， everything nothing/ not anything ， every no， always never19， make up 编造（

42、故事、谎言）20, take - seriously认真对待21, for example 例如 follow the example of 以 为榜样give an example 举例 set anexample to给树立榜样such as例如22， come true23， finish+ n/ v-ing24， crowd v. 拥挤eg： They crowd into the room.n.人群eg： There was a big crowd at the football match.A crowd of students are waiting for the busCro

43、wded adj. 拥挤的Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show ？1，不定式做宾语：want/ hope/ expect/ plan to do2, Learnfrom 从学习 learn sth by heart 熟t己learn sth by oneself 自学3，Plan to do sth/ plan on sth 计划、打算做某事Plan for sth考虑到某事make a plan for 为制定计划4，Hope to do/ hope that 希望 （没有 hope sb to do 的表达）I hope so/ I hope no

44、t5，Happen to sb/ sth 某人/物发生不幸的事eg： What happened to him ？Happen to do/ it happens that 碰巧Happen偶然发生 take place事先安排的、人为的发生6，Expect （sb） to do/ expect that 期待7, One day某天 （过去、斗哥来）some day 某天 （斗哥来）the other day=a few days ago 前几天8, Mean v.意味着（三单为 means）Means n.方法、工具、手段 by means ofMeaning n. 意义、含义the me

45、aning ofMeaningless adj. 毫无意义的9，Mind v. 介意 would/ do you mind （one s）（not） doing sth?I don t mind them.make up one s mind 下决心change one s mind 改变主意never mind 没关系、不必担心keep in ones mind 记住10， think of 认为、想起think about 认为、考虑think over 仔细考虑11, be famous for因为而著名 be famous as作为而著名12, appear v.出现（disappea

46、r消失） appearance n.出现、露面、夕卜表13， come out 出版、发表，出来，开花14, succeed v成功 succeed in （doing） sth 成功地做某事Success n 成功Successful adj. 成功的be successful in （doing） sth 成功地做某事Successfully adv. 成功地15, reason结论性原因 cause起因 excuse借口16, danger n.危险be in great danger处于极大危险中out of danger脱离危险endanger v. 使遭遇危险，危及dangerou

47、s adj.危险的endangered adj.有灭绝危险的17, luck n.运气一lucky adj.幸运的（-unlucky 不幸的）一luckily adv.幸运地18, be ready to do sth愿意做某事 get ready to do sth准备去做某事 get ready for为做准备19， a pair of+ n 复数 做主语，谓语动词用单数eg： A pair of glasses is enough for me.20， Take one s place to do sth 代替某人做某事21， do a good job 干得好22， wear 表状态，

48、接服装、手套、眼镜、香水等put on表动作，接服装（-take off）dress 表动作， 接 sb/ oneselfget dressed 穿衣dress up 盛装打扮try on 试穿（动副结构）try it on（be） in+ 颜色或衣服eg： The girl in a red coat is my sister.Unit 6 I am going to study computer science1， be going to 表将来（计划、打算）肯定：主语+ be going to+ V 原否定：主语+ be not going to+ V 原疑问：be+主语+ going

49、to+ V 原There be 的将来时：there is/ are going to be2， practice （ doing ） sth3， grow up 长大4， keep doing sth 继续不断地做某事Keep on doing sth 坚持做某事Keep sb doing sth 使某人持续做某事Keep sb from doing sth= stop sb (from) doing sth 阻止某人做某事5, be sure about/ of +n/ v-ing/ 代词对确信，有把握Make sure 确保Be sure to do 务必、一定6， worry abou

50、t be worried about 担心7， medicineUC take medicine 吃药 pillC 药丸Medical adj. 医学的medically adv.8，日期、月份、年份等前面有next、 last、 this 等词语时，要省略前面的介词on、 in9, send sth to 把寄往send sth to sb= send sb sthSend sb to do派人去做send for派人去请 send up发射 send out分发 send off寄出10, be able to do 能够做某事able adj.能够(disable)ability n.能

51、力(fdisability )11， make promises 许诺 promise to do sth 12, at the beginning of 在的开始 13， improve ones life 改善某人的生活improve oneself 提升自己self-improvement n.14， write down 写下 动副结构15, have to do with 关于， 与 有关have nothing to do with 与无关16， take up 培养，学着做，占用(时间、空间)17， no+ n 单数 = not a/ an + n 单数 There is no

52、book on the desk= There is not a book on the desk. no+ n 复数 = not any+ n 复数 I have no resolutions= I don t have any resolutions.no+ UC= not any + UC There is no water there= There is not any water there.18， one s own 某人自己的Unit 7 Will people have robots1， will 表将来肯定：主语+ will+ V 原否定：主语+ will not (won

53、t)+ V 原疑问： will+ 主语 + V 原There be 的将来时：there will be there won t be Will there be2，Do you know+ 陈述语序回答时，针对从句部分回答 Do you know there will be a football match this afternoon? Yes, there will./ No, there won t3，at home in ones home4， paperUC 纸张 a piece of paper paper C 报纸(=newspaper) 、论文、试卷5， In+ 时间段 是指

54、以现在时间为起点的在一段时间以后，也可以表示在将来多少时间之内 ，句中的谓语动词要用一般将来时态。After 常常指以过去时间为起点的在一段时间之后， After+ 时间段 常与 过去时态连用。当 after+ 时间点 ，可以与将来时态连用。Later 是副词，一段时间+later 表示 一段时间之后，用于过去时；如果单独使用，可与将来时或过去时连用。Later on 后来6， pollute v. 污染Pollution UC 污染 white/ air/ water/ noise pollutionPolluted adj. 被污染的polluted water7， predict v.

55、预测 prediction n. 预测8， on the earth 在地球上on earth 究竟in the earth 在地里9， save 拯救 save the earth 节约 save water/ money10， few-fewer-fewest+ C little-less-least+ UCfew, little 含有否定意味，意味几乎没有a few, a little 含有肯定意味，意味一点，一些11, SpaceUC太空，空间，一般情况下不与冠词连用，如果space前面有表示太空情况的形容词（如 dark,cold,airless ）修饰，则可与定冠词连用。SpaceC空间，空地（=room）RoomC 房间； UC 空间Make room for. 为 .腾出空间PlaceC 指某一具体地点，地方12, hundred, thou