高级中学定语从句总复习资料教案

1、*高中定语从句总复习教案定语从句适用学科高中英语适用年级高中三年级适用区域全国使用人教版教材地区课时时长（分钟）240分钟知识点1、关系代词、关系副词的基本用法；2、as引导的定语从句用法；3、关系代词that与which引导定语从句的区别；4、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别；5、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；6、非限制性定语从句教学目标1、掌握定语从句中关系代词及关系副词的用法；2、能区分关系代词that与which的用法；3、掌握as引导的定语从句的用法；4、能区分as与which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别；5、能区分定语从句与名词性从句的区别。教学重点1、关系代词、关系

2、副词的基本用法；2、as引导的定语从句用法；3、关系代词that与which引导定语从句的区别；4、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别；5、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；6、非限制性定语从句教学难点1、关系代词、关系副词的基本用法；2、as引导的定语从句用法；3、关系代词that与which引导定语从句的区别；4、as与which引导非限制性定语从句的区别；5、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句；6、非限制性定语从句教学过程一、复习预习1、对上节课课后作业中的问题进行查漏补缺；2、导入：e.g. She is a beautiful girl.She is a beautiful g

3、irl who drives me crazy.二、知识讲解（一）定语从句定义1、定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代 词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面。2、先行词：被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词。3、关系词：用来引导定语从句的词叫做关系词。关系代词的种类：关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose, as关系副词： when, where, why4、定语从句结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。a、There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing

4、 towards her.b、 In Japan, someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.c、 Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.d、Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspi

5、ring story.（二）定语从句分类限定性定语从句：从句对先行词进行必要的描述或说明，对先行词起修饰限 定作用，从句与先行词紧密相连，缺少它则句义显得不完整，一般不用逗号隔开。非限定性定语从句：对先行词进行补充说明，解释，它与先行词关系松散， 用逗号隔开。1、The man who gave me this book is Tom .（ 限定性）2、Tom,who is reading a book ,is my classmate （ 非限定性）（三）关系代词1、who指人，在定语从句中作主语e.g. The man who is sitting under the tree is a

6、German .2、Whom指人，在句中做宾语，可省略，但在做介词的宾语是只能用 whom, 不能用who。关系代词前有介词时不能省略。e.g. I know the girl （whom） the teacher is speaking to .I know the girl to whom the teacher is speaking .3、whose,作定语，可指人或物e.g. Everyone heplps the child whose parents are dead.They are the lazy students whose homework wasn ' t h

7、anded in .4、that指人或物，多指物，作主语（不能省略）或宾语（可省略）e.g. He is the finest comrade that has helped us .This is a plant that grows in the north .5、which ,指物，在句中做主语（不能省略），或宾语（可省略）。e.g. This is a plant which grows in the north .常用that不用which的情况1、当先行词是 all, everything, anything, nothing, much, little, none, one等不定

8、代词时，只用that。歌诀助记：不定代词这路货，全用that准没错。Pay attention to everything that I do.2、当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时，只用 that o歌诀助记：先行词前被限定，千万不要用 whichThis is the best novel （that）I have read.3、如果出现两个或两个以上的先行词，并同时兼指人和物时，关系代词用 that。歌诀助记：两项并列人与物，引导定从用that。They were talking about the person and things that they remembered in s

9、chool.4、当先行词被 the only, the last, the way, the same 等修饰时。This is the last time that I shall give you a lesson.5、在疑问词which开头的特殊疑问句中，为了避免重复只用 that。Which of the students that knows something about history.6、当被修饰的成分是数词时，（被修饰成分是代名词one，指人时除外）只用that.I' ve got one that you might be interested in.常用which

10、 ,不用that的情况1、引导非限制性定语从句。Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。2、直接放在介词后作宾语时（介词+关系代词结构中）。Language is the most important tool without which people can't communicate with each other.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。(四)关系副词1、when指时间(1 )在定语从句中作状语，先行词主要为一些时间名词 (ye

11、ar ,day ,time,week 等)，但时间名词在从句中作主语，宾语时，应用 that , which ,不能用 whene.g. I' ll never forget the time when (during which ) we worked on the farm.作状语I still remember the day that/which is his birthay. 做主语He regretted the days that /which he spent on play .做宾语(2) It is the first time that 句型中，that 是习惯用

12、法，不用 when 。e.g. It is the first time that I have been to the Great Wall .2、where指地点(1)指前面的地点，在从句中作状语。e.g. I know the factory where I worked twenty years ago .(2)指地点，在句中作主语，宾语时不能用where ,须用that/which .e.g. This is the house where he has lived for 20 years(作状语)This is the house that he has lived in for

13、 20 years . (作宾语)e.g. This is the shool in which /where we study every year.(作状语)This is the shool that /which we visited yesterday. (作宾 语)(3)当先行词为某个方面、情况、阶段、位置等的词时使用关系副词3、why表示原因“the reason why .that .”中，不能用 because 代替 that .e.g. That ' s the reason why (for which ) he didn ' t come to scho

14、ol .The reason why he didn ' t attend the meeting is that he was 川.但reason在从句中做宾语时，关系代词用 that/which ,可省略e.g. I don ' t believe the reason (which/that) he gave me .(五)“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句当先行词在定语从句中作介词的宾语时，往往可以把介词放在关系代词 之前，构成“介词+关系代词(whom/which ) ”结构。但一些短语如look after 等中的介词不能与动词分开，故不能放在关心代词之前。确定介词时

15、：一是，依据定语从句中动词所需要的某种习惯搭配；二是，依据先行词的某种习惯搭配；三是，根据所要表达的意思来确定。e.g. That ' s the reason why (for which ) he didn ' t come to school .(六)非限定性定语从句关系代词在非限定性定语从句中的用法。指人做主语用 who,作宾语用whom ,指地点用 where ,指时间when , 指物只用which ,不能用that ,作定语用whose。e.g. He didn ' t see the film, which was very interesting .(

16、 不用 that)(七)as引导的限制性定语从句A . such .as 和 the same -as 的用法such .as： 像.一样的，像.之类;the same as： 和.同样的在这两个句型中，as是关系代词，such和same作定语，修饰主语里的某 个名词（或代词），这个名词是由as引导的定语从句的先行词，as在从句中可 担任主语、宾语或表语。Eg: We have found such materials as are used in their factory.（在从句中作主语）I seldom give my students such a difficult problem

17、 as they cannot work out.（在从句中作宾语）The result is not the same as they had expected.（在从句中作宾语）重点比较：the same as和 the same that the sameas:和.相同（代指同类事物）;the same that：和.相同（代指同一事物）两者都引导定语从句。as从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同 一类，而非同一个。that从句中说明的名词与the same 修饰的名词是同一个。Eg: He is reading the same book that you bought

18、yesterday.He is reading the same book as you bought yesterday.This is the same pen that I lost. =This is the pen that I lost.（指同一支笔）This is the same （kind/type/sort） of pen as I lost. （指同类型的笔， 但并 不是我丢失的那一支）8. .such as 的用法.such as中的such为代词，意思是“这样的人或物”，as在从句中作 宾语，修饰先行词such oEg: This book is not such a

19、s I expect.He told me of his experience such as I had never had before.相关链接：such as还有“诸如，例如，像那样的”的意思，此时后面跟名词或名词 短语等。Eg: They bought a lot of fruit, such as apples,oranges,etc.（八）as引导的非限制性定语从句as可以像which 一样引导非限制性定语从句，用来代表整个句子的内容， 它的先行词可以是名词，也可以是不定式短语或整个句子。as在从句中作主语、 宾语和表语。止匕外，有些as引导的定语从句已成为固定用法，如：As w

20、e knowAs has been said before 如上所述As is known to allAs is often the case像通常那样As is reportedAs was expected正如预料的那样Eg: She is very careful, as her work shows.As we know, smoking is harmful to one ' s health.As is often the case, we have worked out the production plan.重点比较：as和which引导的非限制性定语从句的联系和区别

21、1、as和which都可以代替整个句子，当定语从句置于主句之后时，as和which可以和互换。Eg: He didn ' t tell me any news, as/which upset me.2、Which引导的从句，代表的前面的整个主句时，不能放在主句之前。而 as引导的定语从句，代表整个主句时，可以放在主句之前或之后，有时也可以 放在主语和谓语之间。Eg : As is reportedin the newspapers, talks between the twocountries are making progress.=Talks between the two cou

22、ntries, as is reported in the newspapers, are making progress.As与that的区别As引导的定语从句表示它的内容与主句所讲的内容相似，即指同类事物；that引导定语从句表示的内容与主句相同，即为同一事物。e.g. This is the same pen that I lost yesterday .这正是我昨天丢的钢笔。This is the same pen as I lost yesterday .这正像我昨天丢的钢笔。（九）同位语从句与定语从句区别1、同位语从句和定语从句结构相似，通常位于某一名词或代词之后，但两 者存在明显

23、区别：同为语从句对名词性成分加以补充说明，是该名词性成分具体内容的体现（相当于名词的作用）。That引导的同位语从句中引导词that不在 该同位语从句中充当成分，但不能被省略，同位语从句还可以用whether,how 等连词引导(定语从句则不能)。定语从句对先行词加以限制或修饰，说明先行词的性质或特征(相当于一个形容词的作用)，定语从句的引导词均在该定语从句中充当成分(that在其引导的限定性定语从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，充 当定语从句的宾语，that可以省略)注意体会一下三组例句。(1) 第一组 We can ' t solve the problem how we can tra

24、vel faster than light .我们解决不了如何才能超过光的速度这个问题。 I can ' t remember the problem that they have.我记不得他们的问题了 0(2) 第二组 I won ' t believe the fact that he lied to his mother. 我不愿相信他对他母亲撒谎的事实 I won ' t believe the fact (that) he told me .我不愿相信他告诉我的事实。(3) 第三组 The news that Tom would go abroad is to

25、ld by him.汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆来年将出国。三、例题精析例题 1. The prize will go to the writer story shows the mostimagination.A. thatB. whichC. whose D. what【解析】Co句意为“奖项将会颁发给故事展示了丰富想象力的作者。”根据从句不缺成分和它与先行词的关系可判断前后为所属关系，选whose作定语。例题 2. E10 全国 HR I ref

26、use to accept the blame for something was someone else ' s fault.A. who B. that C. as D. what【解析】Bo从句缺主语，先行词为物。例题 3. Between the two parts of the concert is an interval,the audience can buy ice-cream.A. when B. where C. that D. which【解析】Ao从句不缺任何成分，且先行词为时间。例题 4. Yesterday she sold her car, she bo

27、ught a month ago.A. whenB. whereC.thatD. which【解析】Do从句缺宾语，且为非限制性定语从句。例题 5.is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.A. It B. That C. What D. As【解析】Do固定搭配" as is often the case ”，像通常一样。例题 6. Ellen was a painter of birds and of nature, , for some reason, had w

28、ithdrawn from all human society.A. which B. who C. where D. whom【解析】Bo从句缺主语且先行词为人。四、课堂运用【基础】1 .The place interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which2 .Do you know the man?A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke3 .This is the hotel last

29、 month.A. which they stayedB. at that they stayedC. where they stayed at D. where they stayed【巩固】4 .Do you know the year the Chinese Communist Party was founded?A. which B. that C. when D. on which5 .That is the day I'll never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. when6 .The factory we'

30、ll visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which7 .Great changes have taken place in the factory we are workingsince then.A. where B. that C. which D. there8 .This is one of the best films.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown thi

31、s year D. that you talked9 .Can you lend me the book the other day?A. about which you talked B. which you talkedC. about that you talked D. that you talked10 .The pen he is writing is mine.A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which课程小结本节课的知识点相对比较多但难度系数不大，主要是讲定语从句的各个关系词具体用法。主要从九个方面进行讲解，详细讲解了定语从句中各

32、个关系代词、 关系副词的用法和区别。本部分的学习还是要求学生掌握关键词，具体什么时候 需要使用关系代词或者关系副词，什么叫做定语从句，希望学生能够保持思路清 晰，做题的时候十拿九稳。课后作业【基础】1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines,from east to west. Those run from north to south are called avenues.A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that2. This is the case he ' s had all his money stolen.A. when B. where C. that D. on which3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn,we willenjoy the Olympic Games in 2008.A. where B. when C. which D. how【巩固】4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint an