高中必修一直接引语变间接引语详解

1、直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）一.直接引语和间接引语的定义。直接引语：直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。He said, "I ' m a student." （直接引语 ） 一 He said that he was astudent.（间接引语）主句从句主句 从句二.当直接引语为特殊疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，首先要注意用特殊疑问词，其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意 人称、时态、时间状语，连接词，语序 的变化.（一）人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。一随主引号内的第一人

2、主句主语的人称保称变间引后与持致He says, " I like math very much .f He says that he likes math very much .二随宾引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一aHe said to Lily,“ you mustgetup early ”一 He told Lily thatshe must get up early二不用变引号内的第三人去人称/、变称在艾同引后She said to me ,“ They want to help him”一 She told me thatthey wantedhelp hi

3、m（二）.时态变化宾语从句时态变化规则： 主现从不限；主过从四过 （即4种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去将来时；过去完成时）; 客观真理，只用一般现在时。1 .主句一般现在时，从句可用任意时态。2 .主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。即一般现在时改成一般过去时；现在进行时改成 过去进行时；一般将来时改成过去将来时；一般过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。3 .主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一般现在时。Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth.Teacher told us the moon moves r

4、ound the earth.主句的时态从句的时态例句一般现在时He says所需的任何时态He says, " he likes math very much .f He says that he likes math very much一般过去时He said直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时He said, “ he is a student. " f He said that he was a student现在进行时过去进行时He said, “he is reading. " f He said that he was reading一般将来时过去将

5、来时He said, “he will go home' 一 He said that he would go home一般过去时过去完成时He said , “he went home' f He said that he had gone home现在完成时过去完成时He said , “he has gone home' f He said that he had gone home过去完成时过去完成时He said , “he had gone home' f He said that he had gone home（三）.时间状语变化直接引语间接引语

6、指示代词thisthesethatthose时间状语nowtodaytonightthis weekyesterdaylast weekthree days agotomorrownext weekthenthat daythat nightthat weekthe day beforethe week beforethree days beforethe next day/ the following daythe next week/ the followingweek地点状语herethere动词comebringgotake（四）.连接词1 .从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将th

7、at省略，直接与主句相连。2 .从句为一般疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。3 .从句为特殊疑问句，常选择 what,when,where,which,who,how 等的疑问代、副词作 连接词。注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+胃语+其他直接引语连接词例句注息事项陈述句that（常省略）He said to me, “ you can help her.”一 He said to me ( that ) I could1 .连接词：that2 .引述动词 said, said tosbtold sb,等help her.一般疑问句if/whether ."是否“He

8、asked her ,“ Do you love me ”f He asked her whether she loved1 .改为“陈述语序”。2 .引述动词asked3 .去掉 Do, Does, Did改变 Are, Is, Will, Cana®him.特殊疑问句特殊疑问词： what, who,why,how, which,whenHe asked his wife, “How are you” f He asked his wife how she was.i.改为“陈述语序”2.去掉 Do, Does, Did改变 Are, Is, Will, Cana®He

9、 asked me, “ What color do you like ”f He asked mewhat color I liked.祈使句肯定ask (tell)sb. to do sthHe shouted, “ Lily, Close the door.”一He told Lily to close the door.i.不用连接词2 .不改变时态。3 .无须考虑语序否定ask (tell) sb. not to do sth.He said to me,"Don' t be late. ”f He asked me not to be late.注意：1 .语序不

10、变的有：What' the matter with you What ' s wrong with you但 What' s the trouble with you的语序要变1 r ） 从句中有 or/ or not 。 例：she asks whether he stayed 。2 .只用 whether（2 ）与不定式 to do 连用。例：I can' t decide whether to tell him the news3）在介词后。例： they are talking about whether they can afford thenew house用法是有区别的，但当 if/whether同时出现在选项中的时候，我们要选 whether 3.宾语从句语序：陈语述序，即：连接词+主语+谓语+其它。或 连接词（此时连接词充当主语）+谓语+其它。陈述语序中：be动词、助动词、情态动词不能提到主语前。例：1） can you tell me where is the hospital （ 错）can you tell me where the hospital is.（对）2） I