英语专业本科毕业论文 《呼啸山庄》与《基督山伯爵》中复仇对比

1、 学 院本科生毕业论文（设计）题目：呼啸山庄与基督山伯爵中 复仇之对比 完成日期： 2008 年 3 月 25 日 A Comparison between the Revengein Wuthering Height and The Count of Mont CristoA Thesis Presented to theFaculty of Foreign Language DepartmentXingtai College in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of ArtsByYin Sha

2、nshanFebruary，2008AcknowledgementsMy deepest gratitude goes first and foremost to Professor Ma Xiaona, my supervisor, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis

3、could not have reached its present form. Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to Professor Zhang Shaojuan, who led me into the world of literature. I am also greatly indebted to the professors and teachers at the Department of English: Professor Liu Yanyun, Professor Shen Yuge, who

4、 have instructed and helped me a lot in the past two years. Last my thanks would go to my beloved family for their loving considerations and great confidence in me all through these years. I also owe my sincere gratitude to my friends and my fellow classmates who gave me their help and time in liste

5、ning to me and helping me work out my problems during the difficult course of the thesis. ContentsAbstract (in Chinese)iAbstract (in English).iiIntroduction.1I. The Sameness between the Revenge in Two novels.3A. The Same Thematic Clues.3B. The Same Miserable Fate of the Heroes.2II. The Differences b

6、etween the Revenges Character in Two Novels.5A. The Inhumanity of Heathcliffs Revenge5B. The Justice of Edmonds Revenge.5III. The Differences between the Revenges plot in Two Novels.7A. The Differences of the Revenges Reasons.7B. The Differences of the Revenges Methods.8C. The Differences of the Rev

7、enges Results10Conclusion.11Notes12Bibliography.13摘 要小说家艾米莉 勃朗特的<<呼啸山庄>>和法国作家大仲马创作的<<基度山伯爵>>都是以复仇为主题的小说。希思克利夫和埃德蒙唐代斯分别是两部小说中的主人公。希思克利夫被称之为“恶魔”或“魔鬼”， 复仇扭曲了他的人性，他设计阴谋，使人破产，还要对仇人的子孙实施报复。而唐泰斯历来被世人视为“天神”的化身，一个完美的人物。他化身为基度山伯爵,小心地接近敌人,在法律和道德的基础上,聪明地将敌人绳之以法。两人的品性虽然不同,但同为复仇者，他们内心都充满仇恨

8、,经历了坎坷的命运,并且两人最后都获得了一定程度上的新生。本文在细读小说的基础上，对比分析两部作品男主人公的复仇背景,复仇原因,方法和结果。关键词:复仇；非人类；正义AbstractBoth of Wuthering Height and The Count of Monte Cristos thematic clues are revenge. Heathcliff and Edmond Dantes are the heroes of the two works respectively. Heathcliff is referred to as “like the devil” or a

9、s “evil”. His humanity is twisted by the revenge. He designs the plot, making people go bankrupt and does harm to his descendants. He makes everyone miserable until the end, when he gives up his plan of revenge and dies. But Edmond is different from Heathcliff. He is called the agent of god, and is

10、an ideal and perfect character. Disguised as the Count of Monte Cristo, he carefully makes acquaintances with his enemies. Dantes formulates a plan to punish enemies who hurt him by the different means on the basic of law and morality. Though Heathcliff and Edmond Dantes have different characters, t

11、hey are all the avengers who are filled with revenge in their hearts. They have the same miserable experience and fate. To a certain extent, they obtain rebirth eventually. This paper mainly analyzes the sameness and the differences of the revenge in Wuthering Height and The Count of Monte Cristo af

12、ter reading through the two books. Key Words: revenge; inhumanity; justice13Introduction Wuthering Heights is a story about Heathcliffs revenge on the people of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange and its terrible effects. Heathcliff is an orphan with unknown family background. By chance, he is

13、 picked up and adopted by old Earnshaw who is the owner of Wuthering Heights. Earnshaws son named Hindley detests the dark-skinned Heathcliff. But Catherine who is Hindley sister quickly comes to love him, and the two soon grow inseparable. Earnshaw's favor on Heathcliff leads to Hindley's j

14、ealousness and resentment. After Earnshaw's death, Hindley inherits Wuthering Heights and begins to persecute Heathcliff. During the time, Catherine betrays Heathcliff and their love due to some worldly reasons. She marries a rich man Edgar Linton, who lives Thrushcross Grange next to Wuthering

15、Heights. All the sorrow leads him to fulfill his crazy plans of revenge. He ruins Hindley by changing Hindleys life to a living hell. When Hindley dies, Heathcliff inherits the manor. In the mean time, He destroys Isabellas life by marrying her only for his revenge on Edgar. Heathcliff controls both

16、 Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. But when he accomplishes his revenge and realizes his mistake, humanity finally returns to him. This paper depicts Heathcliff's cruel and the means of revenge, and tries to find the reasons behind his revenge. The Count of Monte Cristo describes the lif

17、e of its main character Edmond Dantes. He is promoted to captain of his ship, and has plan to marry his beautiful lover Mercedes . His success ignites the jealousy of his enemies. They write a letter falsely accusing him of being a Bonapartist. This means he sides with Napoleon Bonaparte and is comm

18、itting treason against his own king. He is arrested on his wedding day and sent to a prison called the Château d'If.These three enemies are Danglars, Fernand Mondego, and Villefort. Danglars will become captain of the Pharaon once Dantes is removed, Fernand aspires to win Mercedes' love

19、. While Edmond is in prison, he learns from another prisoner of a secret treasure hidden on the island of Monte Cristo. Edmond concocts a daring and audacious plan: escape and find the treasure. When Edmond escapes, he takes revenge against his three enemies who conspired against him to send him to

20、prison. Disguised as the wealthy count, Edmond returns to his native land to find his enemies and make them pay for their crime. I. The Sameness between the Revenge in Two novelsA. The Same Thematic Clues Wuthering Heights, by Emily Bronte, and The Count of Monte Cristo, by Alexander Dumas, are roma

21、ntic tragedies which share many common elements. Heathcliff's desire for revenge begins in the Wuthering Heights, while Edmond Dantess desire for revenge begins in the Count of Monte Cristo.Emily Bronte's character, Heathcliff, is the man with a desire for revenge. In Wuthering Heights, Heat

22、hcliff does search for revenge on anyone who has done harm to him, or in some cases punishes somebody in order to seek revenge on others. Earnshaw brings Heathcliff home from one of his journeys and he is immediately ostracized by Hindley. Hindley is afraid Heathcliff will usurp his position of powe

23、r as head boy in the family. Similarly, Edmond, at the prime of his life and career, is betrayed by close friends because of their jealousy. His shipmate, Danglars, covets his designation as the captain of the mighty Pharon. Ferdinand Mondego wishes to wed Mercedes who is affianced to Edmond. Desire

24、 for power and jealousy composes the two roots of the revenge tree. Both Heathcliff and Edmond lose status in their social surroundings. And they through the revenge to seek their authority.B. The Same Miserable Fate of the Heroes Both Heathcliff and Edmond experience miserable fate before vengeance

25、. They share the same despair and grievances. They are tragic figures. Generally speaking, all these sufferings which happen in their life are caused by the society. Heathcliff has an unhappy and grievous childhood and also suffers from the abuse of Hindley. Before joining Earnshaw family, he is app

26、arently abandoned on the streets and looks like a gypsy. After entering Wuthering Height, all the other members of the household are opposed to the introduction of a strange boy. He is viewed as a thing rather than a child. He has suffered pain and rejection. Everyone dislikes him except for Catheri

27、ne. Following the death of Mr. Earnshaw, Heathcliff suffers cruel mistreatment at the hands of Hindley. He is reduced to the status of a servant. He is harshly treated, working from day until night. Edmond Dantes used to be a successful, happy, young sailor. However he is wrongfully imprisoned. Dant

28、es suffers for fourteen grueling years. Fighting off the thoughts of suicide, Dantes suffers from years of horrible conditions in the dungeon. He is often abused and is covered with scratch. In prison, Dantes loses hope and decides to starve himself to death, but he fails. He suffers from body and h

29、eart.II. The Differences of the Revenges Characters in Two NovelsA. The Inhumanity of Heathcliffs RevengeThe main character in Wuthering Heights is the devilish Heathcliff. An orphan is despised since his birth. Heathcliff grows up to become a inhuman, sadistic, cruel, vengeful and immoral man .He i

30、s often referred to as “like the devil” or as “evil”, and that is certainly the result he acts. However, Edmond Dantes is different from him. Edmond Dantes is referred to as “God's agent,” or as “An Angel of Providence”.Heathcliffs intense yet destroyed passion towards Catherine causes him to de

31、spise all members of the Linton family of Thrushcross Grange, and he determines to destroy them in numerous. His character develops from chapter to another chapter when he becomes a horrible person, especially when he abuses Isabella who is Edgar Lintons sister. He uses her infatuation as a tool of

32、revenge towards the Edgar, and he constantly and savagely attacks Edgar Linton until Linton is tormented to death. Heathcliff's love for Catherine is tinged with danger and violence. (标点)Through the process of his revenge, people can find that Heathcliff is a selfish, inhuman person. And Heathcl

33、iff is the most hateful person in all the characters of Wuthering Heights. He ruins Catherines life when he retune to Wuthering Heights after five years. He also ruins Isabellas life by marrying her only for his revenge. These are the major actions in the novel that show Heathcliffs selfishness and

34、inhumanity. Of course, it is one aspect of his character. At the first glance he seems to be entirely wicked and brutal, even criminal. He breaks the law of society and its moral code.B. The Justice of Edmonds RevengeHeathcliff is called the representative of devil. But Edmond, unlike Heathcliff, is

35、 called the agent of god. People think well of Edmond because his goodness, charity and justice. He punishes enemies who hurt him by the law of society. It illuminates that Edmonds revenge is law-abiding and reasonable. When Edmond Dantes is unfairly given a life-prison by his enemies, he spends eve

36、ry waking moment planning his revenge. As soon as Dantes miraculously escapes and returns to the world with riches, he sees it as a sign that God has opened for him the door of revenge. The rest of Edmonds life is spent, at first, performing acts of goodness and charity for the good people whom he h

37、as known, then he devotes his life to against the evil people who are responsible for his imprisonment. Edmonds actions testify to his good character. His mind and heart is not filled with revenge and anger absolutely, and he also has humanity. He does not forget people who ever help him before reve

38、nge. In the end, he also obtains a good result to novels.People worship Edmond due to his justice and morality. He is an ideal character. Edmond Dantes' moral reconciliation brings a happy ending to this novel and is of great significance to the work as a whole. It completes the heroic character

39、 of Monte Cristos, who already possesses physical strength, great knowledge, endless resources, and the ability to punish the wicked. It also demonstrates that Edmond can distinguish between anger and justice and have the power to punish the wicked.III. The Differences between the Revenges plot in T

40、wo novelsA. The Differences of the Revenges ReasonsThe thematic clues of the two novels are the same, but the reasons of revenge are different. The reason of Heathcliffs revenge is Hindleys maltreatment to him and Catherines betrayal to love. However, Edmonads revenge is because that he is betrayed

41、by his enemies and thrown into a secret dungeon. The first person who is hated by Heathcliff is Hindley. The role of the usurper leads to Heathcliff's suffering at the hands of Hindley. it is the treatment that is neated out by Hindley to Heathcliff after the death of Mr. Earnshaw, which arouses

42、 a deep and abiding hate and a consuming passion for revenge in Heathcliffs heart. Heathcliff is a strange, silent person, who appears not to mind the blows he receives from Hindley, but he is in fact very vindictive. He comes to hate Hindley more and more. Heathcliff never forgets an injury inflict

43、ed on him during childhood .Heathcliff also wants revenge on Edgar who marries the woman Heathcliff loves. Heathcliffs rivals for Catherines love leads directly to the central conflict of the novel. Catherine, daughter of the house, likes him very much. Although Catherine loves him and even recogniz

44、es him as her soulmate, she cannot lower herself to marry he so that belows her social station. Catherine, being an extremely proud girl, is tempted arrogance of the rich. A lovers triangle begins to take definite shape when the aristocratic Edgar Linton falls in love with Catherine, upsetting the b

45、alance between the relationship of Catherine and Heathcliff. The richmans son Edgar Linton who lives next to Catherine requests her love, and she answers his love. So Heathcliff lefts the family angrily. After Catherine's death, Heathcliff leads himself to become crueler and commits more acts of

46、 revenge towards the people. It is revenge that leads him to get back on all who cause his sorrow in his heart. Edmond Dantes, a young sailor with a promising future, is arrested on his wedding day and imprisoned on the island fortress of the Chateau d'If with no hope for release. Dantess future

47、 is thus promising. His fathers financial situation as well as his own will be greatly ameliorated. In addition, Dantes has plans to marry Mercedes who has awaited his return from sea with great anxiety and love. But everything is destroyed by enemies. Danglars and Ferdinand write a letter accusing

48、Edmond of carrying a letter from Elba to the Bonapartist committee in Paris. On his wedding day, Edmond is arrested and is secretly imprisoned in the deepest dungeons of the Chateau D'If.Edmond is the victim of the envy of Danglars, the lust of Fernand, and the political ambition of Villefort. T

49、he selfishness of these three men separate Dantes from all that are precious to him. He spends fourteen grueling years during his imprisonment. There Edmonds incarceration is secured by the plotting of his enemies outside the prison, particularly Villefort, who wishes to cover up his own father'

50、s connections with the Bonapartists.B. The Differences of the Revenges MethodsThe aim of Heathcliffs revenge is to destroy people. Throughout the rest of the novel it shows the acts of revenge that Heathcliff takes revenge to all the people who abuse him when he was young. The methods of revenge are

51、 immoral, cruel and inhuman. Heathcliff gets his revenge by taking over everything and everyone. He returns to get revenge on Hindley for his mistreatment to him. He ruins Hindley by encouraging his excessive drinking and gambling. When Hindley dies, Heathcliff gets Wuthering Heights. His revenge is

52、 also directed towards Edgar Linton, whom he sees as having stolen Catherine from him. He devises a series of schemes to take control of the ownership of the Thrushcross Grange from the Linton family and secure it for himself. He then marries Isabella to make mistreat on her。 Although he marries Isa

53、bella, he never loves her. He simply wants to get back at Catherine and Edgar Linton who is Isabella's brother. Whats more, his attitude towards Isabella is not only very cruel but also very imperious. Then he takes Hindley's property and that of his son Hareton in order to humiliate him for

54、 all the years he has suffered, and of course for taking the woman he loves. Later in the play, Heathcliff forces the daughter of Catherine and Edgar who is also named Catherine marry his son Linton. He makes use of both children to gain the property of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange to fi

55、nally get his revenge over everyone. The revenge of Heathcliff is so absolute that he outlives everyone of the first generation and owns their estates and children by the end of the book. Edmonds revenge comes true by creating different and new identities. After a dramatic escape, he discovers a mar

56、velous treasure revealed by the Abbe Faria, an inmate in the dungeons. He possesses great riches, important friends, and immense knowledge. Disguised as the Count of Monte Cristo and the Abbe Busoni, he carefully makes acquaintances with the families of his enemies and the enemies themselves. Dantes

57、 formulates a plan to destroy the lives of those who ruined his life.Ferdinand has married Mercedes and is now the Count de Morcef. The Count of Monte Cristo destroys Morcerf by revealing his military treachery to all of Parisien society. Monte Cristo releases information to the press that proves th

58、at Morcef is a traitor. Monte Cristo has bought Haydee as a slave. She testifies that the Count de Morcef sells her into slavery. Her father has been the Count de Morcerf's benefactor. Morcerf has skilled her father, and sells her mother and her into slavery. When this news is revealed to Paris, the Count de Morcerf is thus ruined. His wife and son flee, and he shoots