新概念英语第二册语法总结

1、新概念英语二册语法详解和总结一、学习前的准备新概念英语第二册旨在全面训练学生的 4 项技能、理解、口语、阅读、 写作。使学生具有使用语言的能力。一般来说，具有以下知识便可进入新概念 英语第二册的学习：1动词be与have现在时与过去时的基本用法。2、现在进行时，能够识别并懂得如何构成。3、一般现在时：能够识别；懂得动词第 3人称单数上添加 -s, -es, 或 -ies 后缀。4、一般过去时：能够识别并会运用常见的规划动词与不规则动词的一 般过去时形态。5、过去进行时：能够识别。6、现在完成时（一般）：能够识别。7、过去完成时：能够识别。8 将来时：能够认识并运用 going to, shal

2、l与will构成将来时。9、助动词：can, may与must的基本用法；能够识别could, might与would 的形式。10、能够用do/does/did等助动词造疑问句与否定句；能运用疑问代词 与副词。11、能够回答以助动词与疑问词开头的问句。12、 副词：能够用-ly与-ily后缀组成副词；能够识别 well, hard, fast等 特例。13、 冠词：定冠词与不定冠词。懂得a/an/the的基本用法；some, any, no, much, many, a lot of 接可数、不可数名词的用法。14、名词：能够用-s, -es -ves后缀组成名词复数形式；会用常见的不规贝

3、U复数形式： me n, wome n, childre n, teeth r等形式。15、 代词：人称代词、所有格代词、反身代词；所有符号“'加s（'s）。16、形容词：基本用法；规贝的比较级； 不规贝的比较级： good, bad, much与 little.17、介词：常见的地点、时间、方位介词的用法。18、关系代词：能够识别并使用 who/whom, which/that。19、this/that; these/those。20、省略形式： it's, I'm, isn't, didn't 等。21、There is/it is; the

4、re are/they are。22、祈使句。23、一周 7 天的名称、 日期、季节、数字、时辰（今天、昨天、明天等）。24、报时。二、新概念英语第二册语法知识总结和详解1.简单句的结构 :主语+谓语+宾语+状语（地点状语 +方式状语 +时间状语） 时间状语还可以放在句首2. 一般现在时，现在进行时感叹句：what+名词+主语+谓语，how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语 频度副词：位于主语和谓语之间，常见频度副词及其程度的深浅： always, often, usually, frequently, sometimes, hardly, rarely, seldom, never I always

5、 buy CDs on Sundays.3. 一般过去时 直接宾语和间接宾语： 主语及物动词间接宾语直接宾语 直接宾语是及物动词的直接对象， 间接宾语是及物动词的动作所涉及的人或事务， 也可 以说间接宾语表示动作是对谁做的， 或者是为谁做的。 所以间接宾语要用名词或者宾格代词 来担当。He gives me a book.me间接宾语,a book直接宾语直接宾语和间接宾语的位置调换时要加一个介词 to 或 for， to 表示动作对谁 而做，for 表示动作为谁而做。主语及物动词直接宾语介词 +间接宾语Give the book to me.Send a letter to him.I bo

6、ught a coat for my mother.4. 现在完成时，注意频度及时间副词的位置receive/take5. 复习：一般过去时与现在完成时的区别in the way/on the way/in this way/by the way/in a way/get out of my way/Don stand in my way./by the way/no wayspare/to spare6. 冠词用法（一）1不定冠词用于修饰单数可数名词，当一个单词的第一个发音为元音时要 用冠词an,如果是辅音用a即可。2不定冠词还可以用来修饰一类事物，有时候也可以省略：A cat is a l

7、ovely animal. Cat is a lovely animal.3不可数名词加冠词表示一类事物：Apple is a fruit.4如果特制某人 ,某物或上文提过的人或物时要用定冠词the5. Some表示一些，可以修饰可数名词及不可数名词。6在姓名，城市，地名，过名，月份，节日，星期前不加冠词，季节前也 一般不加，特指时加。put on/take off/look for/look after/knock at/knock sth. off/knock off/knock %off/knock over/knock out7. 过去进行时，时间状语 短语：在短语中动词后面的介词或副

8、词叫小品词， 有些小品词既可以紧跟在动词后面也可以跟在动词的宾语后面，而有些则只能紧跟着动词使用。8. 形容词的比较级与最高级 单音节词的比较级最高级：直接加 -er, -est: small-smaller, smallest以 e 结尾的加 -r, -st: large-larger, largest以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为i加-er, -est: busy-busier, busiest 重读闭音节结尾的词，双写最后一个辅音字母再加 -er, -est：big-bigger, biggest以ow, er, le结尾的双音节词和个别单音节词也直接加-er, -est: narrow,

9、com mon, clever, simple, polite, quiet 多音节词及双音节词: more/less, most/lest不规则变化：good/bad/ma ny/little/far少数单音节词也要通过加 more/less, most/lest构成比较级和最高级：pleased, glad, tired, fond,注意：形容词最高级前面要加定冠词 the 不定代词的用法,如果不定代词做主语, 谓语动词要用单数： Everyone is here. enter/enter for9. 介词（表示时间）in:表示一天中的某段时间： in the morning/aftern

10、oon/evening表示月份 /年份： in March, in 1990表示季节： in spring/winterin+段时间可以表示在一段时间之内也可以表示在一段时间之后，可以与 现在时,过去时和将来时连用。on:表示星期： on Monday表示具体日期： on June 1st表示具体时间： on that day/that evening/on that nightat:表示确切时间： at 10 o 'clock表示用餐时间： at lunch time/teatime表示其他时刻： at noon/night/midnight, at this timeduri ng

11、+段时间from tilltill/untill 直到not any=no,语气更强10. 被动语态：结构：be+过去分词用法：主语不清或不需要提及时I was born in 1999. The apple was eaten.强调不同的主语时，为了说明动作是谁做的，用by+动作执行者The policeman caught the thief. The thief was caught by the policeman.Be made in/be made of/be made from/be made by双重名词所有格：one of +形容词性物主代词 /名词所有格 +名词复数单数名词

12、+of+名词性物主代词/名词所有格one of my father ' s friends/a friend of my fatherone of my friends/a friend of mine one of your records/a record of yours1. 复习 动词不定式做宾补的用法：wan t/help/ask/teach/advise sb. to do 代词要用宾格形式 borrow/lend, salary/wages2. 一般将来时：be goi ng to结构的用法be+副词词组：be away/be back/be out/be in/be o

13、ver/be on/be up to sb./sth.set out=set off, set up=create3. 将来进行时： 名词所有格： 如果名词复数以S结尾一般只加，如果名词是以 S结尾的专有名词如人 名，可以加' S, 也可以直接加，如： Keats' work, the Johns ' house名词所有格也可以用来表示无生命的1 时间： today 's, new centry 's2 国家，城市名词： the country 's, the city 's3 机构组织： the station's waitin

14、g room, the university's library4 车，船，用具 : the car's wheel, the computer 's harddisk5 专有结构： at one 's wit 's end,6 价值： ten pound 'srtwhoof meat,7 时间： in twenty minutes ' time4. 过去完成时： ask/ask for except/except for/apart from which of/neither of/both of/neither of5. 直接引语 /

15、间接引语（一） 如果引语的主句所用动词为过去时， 那么间接引语要做相应变化： 时态，人 称，时间地点及指示词时态变化：一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时一般过去时过去完成时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时be going towas/were going to/would cancouldmaymight时间地点及指示词的变化：here there, tomorrow the next day, the following day, this that 人称变化：根据句意改变人称。Nervous/irritableOffice/study/deskafford6. 条件状语从句：

16、 主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时，有时为了强调“能 够”，“必须”还可以用情态动词police/policeman pay attention to/care for/take care of remind/rememberon e/you可以指任何人：One must never tell lies. You must never tell lies.7. 情态动词： must/have to as作为介词，以身份，与like相同as作为连词，因为，正当。时候，以。方式，如同。那样 dress/suit/costumegrow/grow up& have用法give in, give

17、 away, give up, give up beside/besides9. can/could/may/mightmight as well 表示“还是。的好”，“还不如。He will never pass. He might as well give up.动名词可以做主语， 标语，被动形式being donehaving been done10. 动名词： 动名词1. 动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时称为动名词宾语，介词宾语定语（即复合名词）2 动名词的几种形式：主动形式 一般式doing完成式having done3. 做主语：Finding work is difficult

18、now.Watching TV is my favorite pastime.4. 做表语：My main hobby is reading.One of her duties is growing roses.My job is teaching.5. 做宾语：I like taking with famous people.We enjoy learning English.The flowers need watering.6. 介词宾语：He is fond of watching football matches.He went away without saying a word.

19、常用的一些加动名词的动词词组（注意总结）： take part in, look forward to , insist on, be interested in,7. 做定语：waiting room, swimming pool, washing machine, reading room, living room, drinking fountain（弓冰机）,park ing slot 8. 动名词的否定：在动名词前面加 not,I am sorry for not asking you.Interested/interesting, excited/exciting, amused/

20、amusing1. 被动语态（二）will/must/can/would/could/have to be donehave/has been donemust have been donedrive 用法home/house2. 介词用法：见书3. 复习there be 句型it 做为虚主语可以用来表示时间，天气，温度，距离，人或指代一个句子或 不定式。4. Summary of Unit two5. 并列句 but我们可以将几个简单句连在一起 ,组成并列句 ,常用以下连词 :and, but, so, yet, or, both and, either or, neither nor, n

21、ot onlywell, not only but also主谓一致 :当主语由and , botha连接时，通常用复数谓语.Both the girls and the boy are his friends.当主语由 neither nor, either or, not only或-but连接）时，谓语动词与nor, or, but also后面的一致，在英语语法中，这被称为就近一致.Neither he nor I am going to the airport.Not only Mary but also her parents have gone abroad.6. 一般现在时的复

22、习 ,状态动词 ,标点符号的使用 . 以下一些动词很少用与进行时态 :appear看起来）,appreciate 鉴赏）,believe（相信）,feel（感觉到）,forget（忘记）, hear（听 见）,kn ow（知道）,like（喜欢），look like（看起来像），n otice（注意到）, remember 记得）,resemble形 似）,see 看到），think（认为），un dersta nd理解），have（拥 有）,love（爱）,seem看起来）,show（显示）,mind（介意）,soun d（听 起来），hate（讨厌）, detest 憎恨）,desire（

23、意欲）,弓号 :弓号位于一行之上 ,应该在句尾其他标点符号 , 如逗号,句号,问好之外 . 弓语的第一个词以大写字母开头 .在 said, asked, 等词后面用逗号 ,只有当它们位于句尾时才在它们后面用句号.当said, asked等词置于引语之间时，句子的后半部分以小写开头. 当一个新的说话人开始讲话时 , 要另起一个段落 .7. 复习一般过去时 /不规则过去式和过去分词 常用不规则动词过去式和过去分词在英语里约有 300 多个put up（搭建）,put out（扑灭）,put on（穿上）,put sb. up为某人安排住宿）,put up with（容忍）,put down（抄写）

24、，put off（推迟）,put away（放好，放到一边去）8. 现在完成时复习 /定语从句 （见复合句部分 ） 与现在完成时连用的时间副词 :yet, just, before, recently, lately, ever, never,so far（迄今为止）,up till now（直到现在）,up to now（直到现在）,since（自从）,for a long time（很艮长时间），in the past/in the last few years在过去的几年里）,these days（目 前）,某些非延续性动词 （动作开始变终止的动词 ）, 在现在完成时中不 能与表示一段时

25、间状语搭配 :例如 :die, arrive, join, leave, go, refuse , fail, finish, buy, marry, divorce, awake, buy, borrow, lend,这些动词并非不能用在现在完成时,而是不能接由for引导的时 间状语.但是用在否定句中，非延续动词的现在完成时可以与表示一段时间的状 语连用 .Jane has gone away for a month. （wrong）Jane has been away for a month.（right）His father has died for two years. （wrong）

26、His father has been dead for two years.（right）has gone to （去了某地 ,指人还在那里 ）, have been to （去过某地 , 人已经不在那 里了）。9. 一般过去时对比过去完成时 ,现在分词 /过去分词refuse/deny, bring/take/fetch, very/too10. 冠词用法 定冠词用法（1）特指（2）地理名词前加定冠词河流 the yellow river 山脉the Alps, the Himalayas海峡海湾 the Taiwan Straits, the English Channel（3）由普通名

27、词构成的专有名词前要加定冠词国名及政治组织名 the United States, the United Kingdom 某些机构学校及建筑名the British Museum由普通名词构成的报刊杂志名the New York Times, the Times零冠词街名1. 广场名2. 车站, 机场, 公园, 桥梁名 : Kennedy Airport, Beijing Railway Station, London Bridge3. 大学名Yale University, Cambridge University4. 节日名 National Day, May Day, News Year

28、s ' Day5. 多数杂志名Time, Reader ' s Digest6. 物质名词一般意义Water boils at 100 degrees. We can not live without air.7. 抽象名词 Life is short. Art is difficult to appreciate.1. used to do 用法Used to do 表示过去常常做某事现在不做了I used to get up at seven o ' clock.Experience, save, very/too2. 比较级 /最高级 , 比较状语从句（见复合句

29、-比较状语从句） A/one 的区别3. 介词用法Passed/past, next/other4. 被动语态总结一般现在时 : is/am/are done一般过去时 : was/were done现在进行时 : is/am/are being done现在完成时 : have/has been done过去完成时 : had been done一般将来时 : will be done过去将来时 : would be done过去进行时 : was/were being done情态动词 : can be done, must be done, could be done, may be d

30、one, might be done,情态动词完成式 : can have been done, must have been done, could have been done, may have been done, might have been done,Call at（拜访某地）,call out at（大声喊）,call on（拜访某人）,call sb up给某人打 电话）,call off（取消）5. 主语+谓语（感官动词）+doing表示正在发生的事情，+do表示已经完成的 动作.So/suchSo+adj. /adv.such+n.固定用法： so many6. 一般将来

31、时 will/be going to dowill/be going to do 一般情况下可以相互替换 ,但是要表示说话人决定做某事 或者表示建议 ,请求 , 肯定或不肯定等含义时只能用 will.Watch/look at/follow, solid/firm/stable7. 将来完成时Hold/look, look forward to（期望），look out（当心），look up （查询,），look sb. up（拜访某人）& as if/though+虚拟语气，过去完成时总结as if /though 常在描述行为的动词后面使用 , 如 act/look/feel/a

32、ppear/smell/sound后 面要用虚拟语气He looks as if he were a king.Her skin feels as if it were silk.The song sounds as if it were a sad story.He looked as if he had never lived in England.No sooner than, hardlywhen, country/countryside, continuously, continually,No sooner than一 就与过去完成时连用I had no sooner come i

33、nto the room than it began to rain.The bell had no sooner rung than the game began.如果 no sooner 放在句首 , 主句的主谓结构倒装No sooner had I come into the room than it began to rain.No sooner had the bell rung than it began to rain.Hardly when 几乎没来得及 就与过去完成时连用He had hardly got the money when the policeman caught

34、 him.I had hardly finished the last question when the exam ended.如果hardlywhen放在句首，主句的主谓结构倒装Hardly had he got the money when the policeman caught him.Hardly had I finished the last question when the exam ended.8. 直接引语变间接引语1. 引语前用 that, 口语中可以省略2. 根据句意改变人称3. 时态变化 : 一般现在时 -一般过去时 , 一般过去时 -过去完成时 , 一般将来 时

35、-过去将来时 , 现在进行时 -过去进行时 , 现在完成时 -过去完成时 , can-could, may-might, must-had to,4. 一些指示代词及表示地点及时间的词this-that, these-those, now-then, today, tonight-that day, that night, this week-that week, yesterday-the day before, the previous day, last week- the week before, two days ago-two days before（earlier）, tomor

36、row-the next （following） day, next week-the following week, here-there, come, bring-go, take如果意思上没有必要改变就不用变了，比如在同一天说的话 .She said she would come again tonight.He said he arrived yesterday morning.几种特殊的间接引语特殊疑问句 , 语序要变为陈述语序“Where are you going? ” he asked.He asked me where I was going.一般疑问句 , 要加 if/wh

37、ether“ Will you come tomorrow? ” he asked.He asked if I would come the next day.祈使句要变为不定式 , 所使用的谓语要根据语气来选择“ Stay here, ” the policeman said.The policeman requested him to stay there.“ Close the window, please, ” my mother said.My mother asked me to close the window.常用的动词：advise, ask, beg, commanc命令）

38、,order, warn, tell, urge催促）, invite, persuade, remind, forbid10. 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 , make/do对现在事实的虚拟 , if 从句中谈论的是想象的情况 ,主句则推测想象的结果 结构 ： 主句用过去时 , 从句用过去将来时If you came here earlier, you would catch the train.If you spent more time on studying, you would get better result.If I were you, I would accept this o

39、ffer.注意：如果if从句中的动词是be,那么应该在第一和第三人称单数名词后用were.Make/do 用法make conv ersati on聊天）,make the bed铺甫床）,make a promise 许诺）,make trouble（找麻烦）,make progress取得进步）,make money赚钱）,make a speech演讲, 讲话）,make mistakes犯错误）,make up one ' s m下定决心）do one ' s b尽最大努力）,do one ' s homeW做家庭作业）,do a few jobs（故 家务）,

40、do sb. a favour帮忙）,do work（工作）,do exercise做练习）,do shopping购 物）,do bus in ess做 生意）1. 情态动词 need, must, have to1. need 一般作为实义动词使用需要某物 He needs a hat. Does he need a hat?需要做某事 need to doI need to have a rest. You need to finish your work.需要被,主语与need后的动词为被动关系：need doing=need to be doneThe flowers need wa

41、tering. =The flowers need to be watered.2. need用做情态动词时一般为否定形式 needn'不必要）,可以用来回答含有must, have to的一般疑问句，与don' t have to同义Must I wash the dishes? No, you needn' t.3. need 完成式 needn' t have done4. mustn '表示不应该，一般口气比较强硬，没有商量.You mustn ' t get up late.Remark/observe, notice2. have 用

42、法总结have a ride 骑奇）,have a look（看）, have a wash洗）, have a swim（游泳）, have a fight（打架）,have quarrel（吵架）,have a try（尝试）,have a rest 休息），have a smoke（吸烟）, have a good sleep睡 觉）Pick sb up（接）, pick up（拿出,学习，找到）,pick out（挑出）,3. 情态动词 can/could/be able to do1. can 表示可能性If you want, I can go with you.2. 表示天生或学

43、到的能力 , 可以用 can/could/be able to do, 三者都可以用 在现在时和过去时中，在将来时中要用 will be able to3. 表示现在正在发生的事要用 canLook! He can stand on his head.4. 表示成果的完成某个具体动作时通常不用 could 而用 be able to, 表示某 动作没有成功用 couldn 'tCan he borrow a book successfully?Yes, he was able to borrow a book from his sister. No, he couldn' t.

44、At 词组At first（开始）,at on ce 立即卩）,at prese nt目前）,at last最后）,at any rate 无论 如何），at heart本质上）,at least至少），at times（不时）,at a loss不知所措）4. 复习动名词用法1. 动名词可以做句子的主语 ,表语,宾语,介词宾语2. 在含有介词的动词短语后面要用动名词 , 如: look forward to, be accustomed to, be used to,be tired of , be thirsty of, go on, insist on etc.3. 有些动词后面既可用动

45、名词也可以用不定式 ,所表达的意思没有区别 ,常 见的词 : start, begin, continue, delay, mean,4. 有些动词后面加不定式表示一件具体的事情，加动名词表示一种习惯 .I like drinking coffee, but today, I like to drink some tea.5. 复习Steal/rob, pay backSteal表示偷偷摸摸的偷,其宾语一般为物品 rob 表示抢劫 , 其宾语一般是人或者某个处所 pay back 还钱 , 报复6. 介词用法7. 复习suggest用法，当建议用时后面加虚拟should +动词原形，shoul

46、d可以省 略.8. 复习Summary of Unit 39. 复合句的构成： 用现在分词构成复合句：现在分词的动作的主语需与主句的主语一致。 用过去分词构成复合句，用语较正式的文体，代替被动语态，Wounded in the war, his are can not move freely.Born in a happy family, he has never tasted the bitterness of life. 不定式构成复合句，不定式表示目的：To buy a new car, the young man saved up for years.I went into the g

47、arden to pick some flowers. 通过从句构成复合句：名词性从句（主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句， 同谓语从句），关系从句（定语从句），状语从句（时间，地点，原因，条件，方式，目的，结果，比较，让步）10. 复合句： lose/loose/miss expect/wait for1. 一般过去时复习： raise/rise, lay/lie, beat/win2. 现在完成进行时 形容词变副词： 1 直接在形容词后加 -ly, careful-carefully, slow-slowly,2. 以辅音字母加y结尾的形容词，把y变I,力加-ly, happy-happily,

48、 lucky-luckily3. 有些词形容词和副词的形式相同，不需要做任何变化 fast, hard, late4. 有些词加上 -ly 后意思与原词相差很远： near-nearly, high-highly, late-lately,3. 时态对比：一般过去时，现在完成时，现在完成进行时 throw to,/throw at/throw away quite/quiet cause/reason drop/fall4. Some, any 的用法some, any修饰可数名词或不可数名词，some用于肯定句，any用于否定 句和疑问句，注意，当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用 someman

49、y修饰可数名词，much修饰不可数名词，在口语中表示很多一般不用 many, much, 而用 a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用 many, much.I have a lot of money. I dont have m'uch money.当一个名词在词组中表示主要目的时不要定冠词：in bed, at church, at class, college, hospital, market, prison, school, sea, university,go to school/church/work/go to the cinema/theatremost 表示大多数

50、或非常：Most students came to class today. We are most excited.The most是many/much的比较级，或者构成形容词副词的比较级，只能表 示最多或用在形容词或副词前面，This is the most interesting book I have ever seen.I have the most books in my class.5. Would/used to dowould do 表示过去习惯的动作， 也可以用来表示过去经常性的行为， 与 used to do 有时可以替换。不能替换的情况：used to do表示与现在强

51、烈对照时，不可以用 wouldI used to get up early every day, but I get up very late now.used to do描写过去状态，would只表示过去特有的习惯和行为。I used to be a teacher. I used to have a company.I would walk along the river everyday after dinner.一个故事的开头不能用 would表示过去习惯的动作，只能用 used to do或 者一般过去时：When I was a little girl, I always went

52、 to the cinema（I used to go to the cinema）. I would sit there for hours.used to do过去常常做某事）/be used to doing（习惯做某事）6. 比较级最高级复习：很多： many/much/a great deal of/a lot of/lots of/plenty of/a large sum of/a large amount of/a great manyhandsome/beautiful/pretty/good-looking reach/arrivetake part in/take pla

53、ce7. 介词用法：at表示某个具体的位置in 表示在。里面off 表示离开in/with 还可以表示穿戴 ,with 可以表示带有或长有： a woman in a blue dress, a girl with a hat, a man with a beardmake sb. do迫使某人做某事，变被动时要加 toHis father made to quit his job. He was made to quit the job.Let sb. do表示允许某人做某事Let '表示建议：Let ' s go out for a walk. Let us go out

54、please.否定：Don t let us /Let s don ' t 8. 被动语态 /强调句型：据说： it is said/ it was said that强调： It is/was+ 被强调部分 +that/who 从句I ate the apple two hours ago.It was I who ate the apple two hours ago. It was the apple that I ate two hours ago.I was tow hours ago that I ate the apple.强调谓语用do+动词原型I did eat th

55、e apple two hours ago.Increase/growGain/earnPick/cut9. 表示目的的几种方式：带 to 的不定式及其变体： in order to, so as toI came to this school to/in order to/so as to learn English.I came here not to study Chinese but to study EnglishSo as not to/in order not toEvery morning I got up very early in order not to be late.

56、Wan t/bri ng/buy/need/take/use常用宾语+不定式，不定式常表示宾语的目的：I want something to drink.I need a pen to write.Bring me a chair to sit.So that/in order that 引导的目的状语从句，主句一般用现在时，现在完成时或一般将来时时，从句要用 shall, may, can, willHe speaks very loudly in order that his grandpa can hear him.She studies very hard so that she ca

57、n enter university.主句是一般过去时，过去进行时，过去完成时时，从句要用 should, could, might, wouldThe teacher wrote the excerises on the blackboard so that the students would see them when they came in.He sent a letter to his mother so that she could learn the good news.如主句主语和从句主语不同时还可以用不定式+fo叶名词/代词He sent a letter for his mother to learn the good news.10. 现在进行时表示将来发生的动作：ar