金融服务贸易论文：我国国际金融服务贸易竞争力及其影响因素研究

1、金融服务贸易论文：我国国际金融服务贸易竞争力及其影响因素研究【中文摘要】作为服务业中的重要部门,金融服务产业在各国的经济发展中具有举足轻重的地位,而金融服务贸易在国际贸易中虽然起步较晚,但发展的速度非常之快。自上世纪60年代开始,特别是自上世纪80年代以来,取消金融管制、实现金融服务产业的自由化更是全球性的趋势,自由化确实促进了各国金融服务产业竞争,并给一些国家金融服务产业的效率带来了提升,并促进了一些国家的经济增长,但是另外一些国家的经验也表明,正是自由化给金融服务产业带来的竞争,使得一些国家的竞争力较弱的金融机构破产倒闭,危及该国金融系统的稳定运行,甚至影响到该国经济的健康增长。我国已于2

2、001年加入了WTO,并于2006年渡过了“过渡期”,我国的金融服务产业也直面发达国家金融机构的竞争。因此,分析我国金融服务产业的竞争力,以及如何提高我国金融服务产业的竞争力对于我国金融服务贸易的发展具有较为重要的意义。在加入WTO之前,由于我国金融服务产业开放度较低,因此,我国金融服务产业面临外部竞争的压力也较低,另外由于国家奉行的过度保护的政策以及受行业内整体人力资本质量较低等因素的影响,使得我国金融服务产业总体竞争力较低。在我国金融加入WTO之后,特别是渡过“过渡期”后,我国金融服务产业直面外国金融机构的竞争,这不但促进了我国金融服务产业的效率的提升,而且由于对外开放,也使得我国金融服务

3、产业获得了引进国外先进的管理经验以及实施跨国经营的机会。现有的分析金融服务贸易竞争力的理论主要有：比较优势理论、国家竞争优势理论、IMD竞争力评价体系、“九要素理论”以及基于金融资源论的竞争力评价体系,由于比较优势理论及国家竞争优势理论是一种定性而非定量的分析方法,因此,不利于不同国家的相互比较。而IMD竞争力评价体系及基于金融资源论的竞争力评价体系设计的部分指标的计算,不是基于客观的数据,而是通过人为的估计取得的,因此其结果的客观性难以保证。正是上述的竞争力评价方法存在种种不足之处,因此,本文尝试以客观数据为基础,通过计算TIS、RCA、CA等指标,来比较我国金融服务产业竞争力与以美国为代表

4、发达国家以及以印度为代表的发展中国家之间存在的差异,并得出了与美国、印度相比,我国金融服务产业在规模、发展潜力以及整体竞争力都较低的结论。对我国金融服务产业分析表明,资本要素、人力资本、技术、相关及支持产业以及需求要素是影响我国金融服务产业竞争力的重要因素。而实证分析表明,对我国金融服务贸易影响程度最大的是劳动要素,其次为技术要素,资本要素影响程度最低。相应的,为提升我国金融服务产业的整体竞争力,我国应加大对金融服务产业人力资本的投入、我国的金融服务产业应实施“走出去”的战略以及放弃分业经营实行混业经营的政策。【英文摘要】As an important sector in services,

5、financial services industry in the countrys economic development plays a decisive role, while financial services trade in services trade despite a late start, but the development speed is very fast. Since the beginning of the 60s of last century, especially since the 80s of last century, financial d

6、eregulation, to achieve the liberalization of the financial services industry is a global trend, liberalization does promote real competition in the worlds financial services industry, and to some countries, the efficiency of the financial services industry has brought to enhance and promote a some

7、of the countrys economic growth, but the experience of other countries also show that liberalization of financial services industry is to bring the competition, making less competitive in some countries the financial institutions bankruptcy, threatening the stability of the countrys financial system

8、 running, and even affect the health of the countrys economic growth. In 2001 China joined the WTO, and in 2006 through a “transitional period”, China financial services industry is also facing competition from financial institutions in developed countries. Therefore, the analysis of the competitive

9、ness of the financial services industry, and how to improve the competitiveness of the financial services industry for the development of trade in financial services with more significance.Prior to joining the WTO, due to open Chinas financial services industry is low, therefore, our financial servi

10、ces industry is facing little pressure of external competition, while the state pursues a policy of excessive protection and the industry as a whole by the lower quality of human resource Impact of the financial services industry in our countrys overall competitiveness is low. After joining WTO, in

11、particular through the “transitional period” after the financial services industry in China of foreign financial institutions face competition not only promotes the efficiency of Chinas financial services industry and the outside world, also makes our financial service industry was the introduction

12、of foreign advanced management experience and the implementation of cross-border business opportunities.Analysis of existing financial services trade competitiveness theory are:theory of comparative advantage, national competitive advantage theory, IMD competitiveness evaluation system, “nine elemen

13、ts of theory” and based on the competitiveness of the financial resources of the evaluation system and the theory of comparative advantage national competitive advantage theory is a qualitative rather than quantitative analysis, therefore, not conducive to comparison between different countries. The

14、 IMD competitiveness evaluation system and financial resources based on the competitiveness of the evaluation system designed for the calculation of some indicators, not based on objective data, but estimates made by man-made, so its difficult to guarantee the objectivity of the results. It is the c

15、ompetitiveness of the shortcomings of existing evaluation methods, and are therefore, this paper attempts to objective data, by calculating the TIS, RCA, CA and other indicators, to compare the competitiveness of the financial services industry in China and developed countries, and represented the U

16、nited States to India as the representative of the differences between developing countries and draw with the United States, India compared to Chinas financial services industry size, growth potential and competitiveness of both lower overall conclusions. Our analysis shows that the financial servic

17、es industry, capital factors, human resource, technology, related and supporting industries and demand factors that affect the competitiveness of the financial services industry, an important factor. The empirical analysis shows that trade in financial services in China is the biggest influence of t

18、he labor factor, followed by technical factors, the capital element of the lowest.Accordingly, the financial services industry to enhance our overall competitiveness, Chinas financial services industry should increase investment in human resource, imply the “going out strategy” and abandon the policy of separate operation and diversified management【关键词】金融服务贸易 国际竞争力 贸易指数【英文关键词】trade in financial services international