语法现在完成时讲解以及练习题讲义

1、现在完成时讲解和习题巩固1. 用法 动作发生在过去，影响到现在。2. 结构have/has+done3. 标志词1）since和for Exercise: 用since和for填空1. Jim has been in Ireland _ Monday. 2. Jill has been in Ireland _ three days.3. His aunt has lived in Australia _5 days. 4. Mary is in her office. She has been there _7 o'clock.5. India has been an indepen

2、dent country _1974. *since后接时间点 for后接一段时间2） 表示说话前发生过一次或多次的动作，现在成为一种经验，一般译为汉语“过”，常带有twice, ever, never, three times等时间状语。-Have you ever been to the Great Wall?你曾经去过长城吗？-I have never been to the Great Wall.我从未去过长城。  *ever 和never。多用于否定或疑问句中，表示“曾经”或“从未“等。        3

3、） 副词already和yet。We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。*already一般用于肯定句中yet一般用于否定句和 疑问句中4） 表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如just, before, the past few years等。I have seen her before, but I can not remember where.  我以前见过她，但记不起在哪里见过。He has been there th

4、ree times the last few days.  近几年他去过那里三次了。*4.特殊注意1）现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用, 表示动作或状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如：I haven't seen him for two years.  She has worked in the factory for 5 year.但是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为相应的延续性动词来表述。表示短暂意义的动词如come,arrive, (来来)go,leave,

5、（去去） begin, start,（开始）borrow, buy,（借买） die（死）等，在完成时当中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，因为它们表示的动作不可能持续。判断句子：He has come here for 2 weeks. （ ） The old man has died for 4 years. （ ）They have left only for 5 minutes. （ ）以上三句话可以改为：He has been here for 2 weeks. The old man has _ _ for 4 years.They have _ _ only for 5 minute

6、s.现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动词的转换：（1）.直接用延续性动词 buy have；catch(get) a cold have a cold；borrowkeep；becomebe；put on- wear（2）.转换成be+名词 join the army be a soldier；join the Party be a Party member；go to school be a student （3）转换成be+形容词或副词diebe dead；finish be over；beginbe on；leavebe away ； fall sleep be asleep ； c

7、lose be closed come to/ go to/arrive at(in)+某地 be in(at) +某地finish be over；   open  be； open             （4） .转换成 be+介词短语go to school be in school ； get up-be up；Exercise:He for three years. 他参军三年了。His father for two years. 他父亲去世二

8、年了。The film for ten minutes .电影已开始十分钟了。We English for three years. 我们已经学英语三年了。 2）have been(to)与have gone( to)的区别：They have been to Beijing twice.他们曾去过北京两次。 He has gone to Beijing .  他已经去北京了。*have been(to)有去有回 与once ,never, many times等连用have gone(to)有去无回4. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别I lost my bag，yester

9、day.昨天我丢了书包。I have lost my bag ,and it is here now.我（过去）丢了书包，现在在这儿呢。现在完成时过去发生，影响到现在一般过去时发生在过去（与现在无关）一、 单项选择 1. Li Hong has _ the army for 2 years. A. joined B. be in C. been in D. joined in 2. You _ that question three times. A. already asked B. have already asked C. already have asked D. asked alre

10、ady 3. Those foreign friends left Guangzhou _. A. since last week B. a week ago C. for a week D. since a week ago 4. Mrs. Wang has lived in Haikou _ 1992. A. since B. from C. after D. in 5. Mr. Black _ China in the summer of 1998. A. has been to B. been in C. has come to D. came to 6. His father _ f

11、or years. A. has died B. has been dead C. died D. dies 7. _ you _ England? Yes, it _ a beautiful country. A. Will, gone to, was B.Have, been to, is C. Had, been to, is D.Have, gone to, is 8. -_ you _ to Beijing? -No, I _.I _ there early next month. A. Have, been, havent, am going B. Had, been, hadnt, am going C. Have, gone, havent, was going D. Did,go, didnt, was going 9. -You sister _ to London to study English. Is that true? -Yes , she _ there for two months. A. has been, has been B.