定语从句大总结

1、定语从句大总结l.what不能引导定语从句2.关系词的分析须考虑它在定语从句中的成分。一.指人的关系代词有 who、whose、whom、that.试分析：The old man who/whom /that we visited yesterday is a famous artist.Miss Wang is tak ing care of the child whose pare nts have gone to Beiji ng .The man with whom my father shook hands just now is our headmaster.(=The manwh

2、o/whom that my father shook hands with just now is our headmaster.)注：A .指人时有时只用 who不宜用that。1 .先行词为 one、ones 或 anyone(1) The comrade I want to learn from is the one who studies hard and works hard.(2) Anyone who breaks the law should be punished.2 .先行词为these时These who are going to Beijing are the bes

3、t stude nts of our school.3 .在there be 开头的句子中There is a stude nt who wants to see you.4 .一个句子中带有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个宜用who，以免重复。The student that won the first prize is the monitor who works hards.5 .在非限制性定语从句中A。 I met a friend of mine in the street, who had just come from Japan.B .主句以who开头的句

4、子中，只用that,不用who。二.指物的关系代词有which、whose(=of which) 、that.试分析：1.1 like the books which / that were writte n by Lu Xun.2. The desks (which/that) we made last year were very good.3. This is the house in which we lived last year. (= This is the house which /that we lived in last year.)4. I live in the roo

5、m whose windows face south. (= I live in the room ,the windows of which face south.)注：A. 介词如果位于作为其宾语的关系代词之前时，只能用whom、which不能用who或that.(1) . The girl about whom they were talk ing is our mon itor.(2) . The book in which there are many interesting things was written by Li Ming.B. 部分短语动词中的介词不可与动词拆开，在定语

6、从句中其介词不可前置，只能放在其 动词之后。Is this the book which she is look ing for?The old man who/whom they are wait ing for is Professor Li.The child who/whom she is looking after is WangPing ' son.C .指物时，下列情况下只能用that，不宜用which 。(1)先行词为不定代词，女口All、much、anything、everything、nothing、something、none、the one 等。We are w

7、illi ng to do anything that is good to the people.I have told them all (that) I know.All that can be done has bee n done.(2) 先行词是序数词或被序数词、修饰时。The first book that I read last ni ght was an En glish no vel.(3) 先行词是形容词最高级或被最高级修饰时。This is one of the most interesting films that I have ever seen.This is t

8、he best that can be done now.(4 )如果有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时(先行词既有人又有物)，定语从句的关系代词用 which和who都不合适，只能用that。We know nothing about the doctors and the hospitals that you are talk ing about.There are sheep and men that can be see n on the hill.(5)如果先行词被 the only、the very、the last、the same、any、few、little、no、al

9、l、 one of、just 修饰时。This is the only book that can be lent to you.（6）当主句是以 which开头的特殊问句时，关系代词只用that。Which is the dictio nary that he used yesterday ?D .只物时，下列情况下只能用which，不宜用that o（1）关系代词放在介词之后This is the factory in which we once worked.（2）非限制性定语从句中This is the book, which is written by Lu Xun.(3) that

10、 , Those 作主语时Those which are on the desk are En glish books.E .先行词前有 such、the same、as 时,关系代词用 as，不用 that,但the sameas 表示同样的，the samethat 表示同一的He knows as many people as are prese nt at the meeti ng.|Such people as you refer to are rare no wadays.三.比较 When/which 、 where /which 、 why.which I still n ev

11、er forget.This is the day whe n I joi ned the party. which he spe nt readi ng the books. where I found the book.which makes mach in es.This is the place which we once visited.which I will n ever forget.which I am look ing for.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别：限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句All the stude nts who study hard have p

12、assed.学习努力的学生都考试及格了。（只有努力的及格了，不努力的没及格。）All the stude nts ,who study hard have passed. 所有的学生都 及格了，他们学习努力。（没有人不及格，这些学生都很努力。）从句是先行词不可缺少的定语（如去掉，主句意思就不完整或不正确。）从句是对先行词的附加说明（如去掉，主句意思仍清楚，不受影响。）与主句关系密切，不用逗号与主句关系不十分密切，用逗号与主句隔开译为汉语时， 从句译在先行词前，与先行词用 的”连接译 为汉语时，从句放在主句后面关系代词that可以代替 who、whom（指人）、which（指物）关系代词不用th

13、at,只用who、whom（指人）、which（指物）关系代词代替宾语时可以省略 关系 代词不能省略关系代词 as和which先研究下面两个例句：O I.This elepha nt is like a sn ake, as /which everybody can see. =As everybody can see,this elepha nt is like a sn ake.任何人都看得出来，这头象像条蛇。O2.Tomdidn ' ptss the physics exam, which made his parents very angry. Tom物理考试不及格，这使得他父

14、亲很生气。这两个例句中，as和which所代表的都是整个主句所表示的内容。但有两点不同之处：1 .在形式上as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的后面，也可位于主句的前面；而which弓I导的非限制性定语从句只能位于主句的后面，不能位于主句的前面。2 .在意义上，as引导的定语从句和主句的关系一般为一致关系，常译为 正如”，就像”，而which引导的定语从句和主句的关系是因果关系，或which引导的定语从句是对主句的评论。因此，在意思通顺的情况下，which可代替as，而as许多时候不能代替which，如句 02。再如：1 . He was late again, as / which we h

15、ad expected. =As we had expected, he was lateagain.正如我们所料，他又迟到了。/他又迟到了这是我们早就料到的。2 . The street hasn' been cleared for weeks, which makes it very dirty.街道好多星期没有打扫了，因此整条街很脏。（不用as）3 . The young man cheated his friend of much money, which was disgraceful.那年轻人诈骗了他朋友许多钱财，这是不光彩的。（不用as）4 . He takes exer

16、cise everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health.他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。（不用as）5 . As has already been pointed out, English is rather difficult for a foreigner.正如已经指出的那样，英语对于初学者说，是相当难学的。在suchas、 the sameas、as、 as many/much as等结构中,as 不能用 which 代替。如：1.Such books as this are too difficult for begi nn

17、ers.这样的书对于初学的人来说是太难了。=Books such as this are =Books like this are 2.I live in the same buildi ng as he （does）.我和他住再同一座大楼里。3. He knows as many people as are prese nt at the meeti ng.他认识所有至 U会的人。4. That day we all got up early as usual.那天我们和平时一样，都起得很早。“Onef the +复数名词”后面定语从句中谓语单复数情况这一结构后面的定语从句的谓语动词通常用复

18、数形式，跟定语从句所*近的那个复数名词在数上保持一致。如：1 . That is one of the books that are required for study at school.2 . This is one of the most wonderful novels that have been published since 1990.3 . She is one of the few persons who know Spanish .4 . This is one of the most famous plays that were written in the thirties,1. He is the only one of the teachers who knows French in our school.（ the only one）He is one of the teachers who know French in our school.（修饰 the teachers）2. This is the only o