华科英语双学位翻译心得

1、Translation Practice and Gains from It翻译心得与翻译实践摘要翻译是一项将陌生信息转化为接受者熟悉能理解的信息的处理过程和方法，它包括语言文字，图形符号的翻译转化等多样形式。而语言翻译则是其中的一种较为形象和具体的翻译形式，它不仅仅对译者雄厚的英语语言功底和技能提出了很高的要求，更需要他对西方和本国文明历史以及文化生活有充分的了解和认识，只有将翻译作为拥有不同文化背景的人们进行交际的桥梁，并深入了解掌握本国与异国的民族文化差异，同时在翻译语中找到相应准确通达的语句搭配，才能使异国文化在翻译语中再现其貌，才能真正翻译好一篇文章。要提高自己的翻译水平还要付出很多

2、的努力。我不仅需要更多的了解英语方面的知识，而且也要尽量提高自己的中文水平，只有这样才能保证既能准确理解原文，又能准确地将之翻译出来。这次翻译实践我的收获很大，熟能生巧，只要坚持练习，我相信我的翻译水平会有所进步的。关键词：翻译技巧 翻译实践 句子处理 心得体会 AbstractTranslation is a process and method to deal with information, converting strange information into the information which recipients can be familiar with and unde

3、rstand. It includes multiple forms involving the translation and conversion of languages and characters, that of graphs and symbols and so on. The language translation is a sort of translation form which is relatively visual and concrete. It not only puts forward high requirements towards a translat

4、or in terms of his strong English language skills and knowledge, but also requires him of having sufficient knowledge and understanding of civilization, history, culture and life both in his own and western countries. Only will people regard translation as a bridge of communication where people have

5、 different cultural backgrounds, and deeply have understanding of cultural differences between the domestic and foreign national on translation, finding the corresponding accurate and flowing collocation of words and sentences, they can reappear the origin appearance of exotic culture in the languag

6、e translation, and truly translate an article well. I know I need take more efforts to improve my translation competence. I should get more knowledge of English language as well as Chinese culture. Only in this way can I accurately understand and translate articles. I have gained a lot from this wor

7、k. Practice makes perfect. I know Ill get improvement in my translation skills if I keep practicing.Key words: Translation skills translation practices sentences dealing experience and gains Contents摘要1Abstract11 Description of the Material for Translation41.1 Description of the Chinese Material for

8、 Translation41.2 Description of the English Material for Translation42 Gains from the translation practice错误！未定义书签。2.1 Introduction错误！未定义书签。2.2 Reflections on Translation for Chinese to English Translation错误！未定义书签。2.3 Reflections on Translation for English to Chinese Translation错误！未定义书签。2.4 Conclusi

9、on错误！未定义书签。3 Analysis of the impact of cultural differences on international marketing23.1 Introduction错误！未定义书签。3.1 The generation of cultural differences 错误！未定义书签。The positive impact of cultural differences on international marketingThe negative impact of cultural differences on international marke

10、ting4 Why your DNA isnt your destiny24.1 Meet the Epigenome错误！未定义书签。4.2 How to make a better mouse错误！未定义书签。4.3 Solving the overkalix mystery错误！未定义书签。4.4 Exploring Epigenetic potential错误！未定义书签。5 Bibliography错误！未定义书签。1 Description of the Material for Translation1.1 Description of the Chinese Material

11、for TranslationAnalysis of the impact of cultural differences on international marketing, which tells us how cultural differences influence international marketing, the paper is consist of three parts, the generation of cultural differences, the positive impact of cultural differences on internation

12、al marketing and the negative impact of cultural differences on international marketing. Oriental culture and western culture are different. Values and moral standard is different. Ways of thinking and behavior is different. Customs and religious are different. The positive impact of cultural differ

13、ences on international marketing reflected in three aspects. First, cultural differences create more opportunities for international marketing. Second, cultural differences are good for enterprise to form "cultural monopoly" advantage. Then, cultural differences are good for consumers to c

14、reate new demand. The negative impact of cultural differences on international marketing also reflected in three aspects. First, the long-term of cultural differences become insurmountable barriers to international marketing. Second, invisible of cultural differences become barriers to international

15、 marketing. Then, the cultural differences lead to communication barriers easily. In short, cultural differences and the impact are very complex, enterprise should not be rigid and stick to their values and behavior in cross-border marketing, and know, respect and tolerance even to the rational use

16、of these differences.1.2 Description of the English Material for TranslationWhy your DNA isn't your destiny which is written by John Cloud tells us something about DNA. The paper shows parents' experiences early in their lives somehow change the traits they passed to their offspring. We know

17、 a new science called epigenetics which is the study of changes in gene activity that do not involve alterations to the genetic code but still get passed down to at least one successive generation. It is through epigenetic marks that environmental factors like diet, stress and prenatal nutrition can

18、 make an imprint on genes that is passed from one generation to the next. Epigenetics brings both good news and bad. Epigenetics perhaps the most important discovery in the science of heredity since the gene.2 Gains from the translation practice 2.1 IntroductionFor the graduate work of translation,

19、I chose two academic essays. In my opinion, the translation of academic words is most difficult, of which the organization of words are not often seen in everyday life. So the translators have to get the meaning in depth and rephrase them in a totally different kind of language. During the time one

20、has to take care of the form, meaning, as well as the beauty of the translated draft. I think picking such kind of articles is really a kind of challenge for me, whose level of English is by no means that high to handle the translation very well. I encountered a lot of tough sentences during the tra

21、nslation, especially the English-Chinese translation. I have to look up a lot of information to get to know the meaning of them and then paraphrase them into English. During the process I not only broadened my sight of view but also improved my ability of translation, making me shuttle back and fort

22、h between the two languages more freely.2.2 Reflections on Translation for Chinese to English TranslationDuring the process of the English-Chinese translation, we may always encounter the words that we have never seen or we are not familiar with. In this occasion, we have to look up them to the dict

23、ionary to get their meaning. However, first, wed better go for an English-English dictionary, which will not set limits on the usage of Chinese words. It would be better if we just get to know the meaning of the strange word in an obscure picture and make our own decision of the appropriate Chinese

24、appearance of the English word. Second, we must pay attention to discern whether the word appeared in spoken language or in written language, which would really make a big difference. To name a tiniest one, we have to use some exclamations in the translation of spoken language to make the words more

25、 like coming out of ones mouth other than ones pen.During the process of the translation, I always encounter the situation where I clearly know that my translation was no quite appropriate, but I could not find a better mode of expression. It was like that my whole mind was rigidly fixed and flee of

26、 that state was kind of hard struggle in a swamp. At first I could not know why and have to ascribe it to that I have to rest for a while. I think the true reason is that the expressions in my mind are so limited that the translation was not quite the cause of the problem. I think a good translator

27、should be familiar with every kind of situation and have a good sense of the tiny difference and make his own choice to picture it. This problem tells me to read more English and Chinese articles to keep more expressions in mind and try to use them differently in all kinds of situations. However it

28、also tells me that the translation also requires an active mind that makes one people shift quickly between the languages. As we know, each language has its own preference of expressions and a good translator should not be totally soaked up in only one language, which would make ones thinking settle

29、d and unable to make his translation authentic, instead of awkward Chinglish. And its not only the flexible usage of expressions but also variable sentence structures. Lack of various sentence patterns would make the translation draft look dull and boring and lose the essence of the original work.Du

30、ring the process of my Chinese-English translation, I also encountered a lot of Chinese idioms which were personally used by the author and had different and hidden meanings. In this situation, to translate them into English seemed quite difficult. My way to solve this problem was to get the meaning

31、 of the idiom and tried to paraphrase it in a rather straightforward way, which was to explain the idiom in English and try not being confined with the form of the Chinese idiom.For example, 入门问禁,入国问俗,入境问讳. I translated it into Getting Started with knowing prohibition, vulgar and taboo. I think this

32、 was what the author meant; though the idioms in Chinese had its original meanings and here were used in a different way with great personal trait. As for my ability of translation for now, this is the best way I can think of to settle this problem. I think the best way is to use English idioms with

33、 similar meanings to paraphrase them; however, of course, it is somewhat beyond me now.2.3 Reflections on Translation for English to Chinese TranslationThe road to a real master of translation is really long. I couldnt help reading the translation of The Furnished Room by Wang Yongnian, who is a not

34、able translator of great experience, and found that I could hardly find out that the Chinese article was translated from an original English one. And I compared my work with his and found that many sentences better in his work. They are not only easy and smooth but also quite coordinating with the r

35、ule of Chinese. I admired him very much. But I could also find several places where I doubt his decision. I am also proud that I could make my own choice and tell the reason for it.For long sentences, we always face a sentence with 20 or more words which itself is so complex both in programmer and s

36、tructure. So we must analyze the whole sentence by dividing the sentences to several parts, catching the main and abandoning the subordinate. Only seeing from the whole sentence, related to the context closely, the sentences can be precisely translated.For example, Bad news first: there's eviden

37、ce that lifestyle choices like smoking and eating too much can change the epigenetic marks atop your DNA in ways that cause the genes for obesity to express themselves too strongly and the genes for longevity to express themselves too weakly. The translation is”先看看坏消息吧,证据显示，生活型态如抽烟或饮食过量等，都会改变DNA之上的表

38、观基因，因而强化肥胖基因的表现，或是弱化长寿基因的表现.”Another example is that the original sentence is ”The coherence between the ALSPAC and Overkalix results in terms of the exposure-sensitive periods and sex specificity supports the hypothesis that there is a general mechanism for transmitting information about the ancest

39、ral environment down the male line," Pembrey, Bygren, Golding and their colleagues concluded in the European Journal of Human Genetics paper.” The translation is” 在2006年发表文章中，潘布瑞、白葛恩、谷婷与其它同僚总结道：若以对环境敏感的期间与特定性别来看，ALSPAC与奥佛卡利克斯区两地研究的吻合性显示，有某种普遍机制能够将父亲辈的环境因素传递给儿子。”2.4 ConclusionI have to say its r

40、eally a hard job to finish these 5000 words of translation which I seldom do. It was not only a test of ones comprehensive translation ability for one may encounter all kinds of language phenomenon, but also a test for ones patience, only with which can one perfectly finish it in every little detail

41、. As we know, language works as a whole of words and sentences, but to make it communicate more effectively and in greater depth, one has to pay real attention to the details. Once again we must emphasize the importance of the comprehension of the difference between English and Chinese. The aim of t

42、he translation is for bridging the two languages, so the meaning should remain but the form must change accordingly. For example, as we know, there are a lot of long and complex sentences in English, while in Chinese, we usually find short and simple sentences. Thats what we must keep in mind. In fa

43、ce of complex English sentences, wed better try to cut them in short and be explicit after the translation, instead of literal translating them without changing the form or the sequence. While in the translation of Chinese to English, we have to reorganize the sentences, to combine the short sentenc

44、es into a complex one, to make the English sentences more like original ones other than the second-handed goods of translation. It requires a good handling of the languages and a good sense of the meanings. Let me show one more example. In English, objects tend to be the subjects while in Chinese, t

45、he subjects are usually persons who can behave or are animate. So in the translation, we have to make appropriate changes in the components of the sentence, while we also have to pay attention to the switches of active and passive voices.In the translation process, I use a lot of translation skills,

46、 such as amplification, repetition, omission, inversion, division, the changes of voices, literal translation and free translation etc. At the beginning they are only terms to me and I can hardly distinguish repetition from amplification. But in the translation process, to get smooth and appropriate

47、 expression, I involuntarily use those skills, which demonstrates that “skills are coming from practice and severing the practice.”Of course, I have met a lot of difficulties. Sometimes I cannot understand the original English expression, sometimes its hard for me to summarize skills used in the tra

48、nslation process, especially about repetition and amplification. This reflects that my practice is not enough. Ill practice more and try my best to get a big improvement in the translation competence.After finishing the translation of two scientific articles with each one has about three thousand wo

49、rds, I have deepened the understanding of the translation. All translation has two Indispensable steps: correct understanding and accurate translation. To meet the target of correct understanding, we should read the whole passage carefully and fully understand its meaning before we begin to translat

50、e. “Each word when used in a new context is a new word”, we must understand each word with special context. We can consult a dictionary or search the Internet for help as well. Sometimes we need to read some background materials of the passage, thus helping us to understand the passage better. To me

51、et the target of accurate translation, we should have a good knowledge of the target language and bear in mind of some translation methods. Sometimes we can get some support from machine translation and compare them with those translated by ourselves. After that we should pay attention to appropriat

52、e expression. “Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language message, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style.” To get appropriate translation is not that easy. We can only practice more to make perfect.Translation

53、 skills are coming from practice. No skills can be learned without practicing, neither does translation skills. But we can surely get some improvement from a lot of translation practice. There is no end of learning to be a good translator.Above all, I have got a lot during the translation practice.3

54、 Analysis of the impact of cultural differences on international marketingEvery country has its unique culture, international marketing is a behavior that operators cross cultural barriers to sell goods or services in different culture environment. Compared with single cultural environment marketing

55、, cross-cultural marketing is more difficult to success. electronic world, a famous American magazine ,consult global enterprise in the title of " What is the biggest obstacle to global market ”,the result is cultural differences are listed first among laws and regulations, price competition, t

56、he jet lag, foreign exchange, information, language etc. In many cases, ignoring cultural differences can cause a huge loss; otherwise the successful use of it will bring huge profits to the enterprise.3.1 The generation of cultural differences The natural environment we live in is colorful, differe

57、nt climate, geographical environment and different economic and technology development level, resulting in different production and lifestyle. Whats more, different countries, regions, and culture accumulated in different historical process by different nation has been a part of people's lives ,

58、 which forming the different cultural system. Differences in a variety of cultural system can be reflected in all aspects, macro or micro, it is difficult to summarize. This paper compare the differences between Oriental culture represented by China and Japan and western cultural represented by some

59、 European and American countries.Values and moral standard is different. Chinese people advocate collectivism, team consciousness comes first then self, strong ethics, respect the elderly, pay great attention to the family and nepotism. Japanese people admire militarism, everything with loyal to country, team consciousness extremely strong. They also respect for the elderl