初中英语音标教学

1、初中英语国际标准音标练习 人首（20 个）12个i：ie?a :?:?u:u?:?双向8个ei?uaiau?ii?u?辅首（28 个）清辅 音（11个）ptkfs8?t?trtsh浊辅 音（17个）bdgvze?d ?drdzlmn?jwr兀日日素/I/【衣急促地发声】/e/【哎发这个音的时候不要把“哎”的/?/【哎发这个音的时候不要把“哎”的/?:/【额发长音/?/【额发短音】/i:/ 【衣 发长点】i给读出来，嘴唇放松自然地读】 i给读出来，嘴唇扁平地发】/ A /【阿/a:/【啊/?/【哦/?:/【哦/u/【乌【有点像摩托车启动的声音，“呜呜呜”地，但是是像发“嘴巴微微地张开发出这个音就

2、可以了】嘴巴长到最大】急促】声音拖长】急促】/u:/ 【乌 声音拖长】/eI/【有点像答应人的“谈”的声音】/aI/【唉】/?I/【哦喂连着读】/ ?u/【呕】/au/【傲】/I ?/【衣饿连着读】/ £ ?/ 【哎饿连着读】/u?/【乌饿连着读】/p/【普不要把口给发出来，轻音/b/【不不要把自给发出来，浊音】/t/【特不要把6给发出来，轻音/d/【得不要把6给发出来，浊音】/k/【克不要把6给发出来，轻音/g/【各不要把6给发出来，浊音】/f/【福不要把口给发出来，辅音音素:/v/U给发出来，浊音】/s/ 【丝像蛇吐芯子发出的那种声音，不要把 i给读出来，轻音】/z/ 【就是/s

3、/的浊音】/ 0 /【牙齿咬住舌头的轻音】/ 8 / / 3 /h/Irl/t /Id 3 IItr/dr/ts/dz/m/n/?/l/w/【牙齿咬住舌头的浊音】【西【衣 【喝 【若【七【姬 【缺 【撅 【次 【自不要把i给发出来，轻音】 不要把i给发出来，浊音】不要把e给发出来，轻音】不要把u 6给发出来，浊音】 不要把i给发出来，轻音】不要把i给发出来，浊音】不要把不要把不要把不要把ue给发出来，轻音】ue给发出来，浊音】i给发出来，轻音】i给发出来，浊音】【嘴巴闭住，然后发音，气流从鼻子出来，浊音】【嘴巴微张，舌尖顶住上颗，气流从鼻子出来而不是从嘴巴出来，浊音】【嘴巴长大，舌头向下弯曲，

4、气流从鼻子出来而不是从嘴巴出来，浊音】【有两个读音。一是放在音标结尾发呕，浊音；而是放在音标中发了，浊音】【我 不要把6给发出来，浊音】/j/ 【呀 不要把弓给发出来，浊音】/i:/ bee/bi:/ key/ki:/ /i/ it /it/ big/big/ /e/ get/get/ best/best/?/ fat/f?t/ cat/k?t/ /a:/laugh/la:f/ half/ha:f/ / ?: / horse/h?: s/ saw/S?: / ? / dog/d?g/ pot/p?t/ /u:/ food/fu:d/ loose/lu:s/ /u/book/buk/ good/

5、gud/ ? / must/m?st/ does/c?z/ money/m?ni/ ugly/ ?gli/ come/k?m/?：/ nurse/n?:s/ bird/b?:d/ burn/b?:n/ turn/t?:n/ girl/g?:l/? / better/bet?/ never/nev?/ worker/w?:k?/ welcome/welk?m/ei/ may/mei/ name/neim/ game/geim/ eight/eit/ age/ed ?/?u/ no/n?u/ home/h?um/ hope/h?up/ wrote/r?ut/ note/n?ut/ pose/p?u

6、z/ai/ eye/ai/ time/taim/ buy/bai/ right/rait/ bike/baik/ kite/kait/au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ ? baut/ south/s au 0/ house/h aus/ ?i / boy/b?i/ toy/t?i/ noise/n?iz/ voice/v?is/ point/p?int/ coin/k?in/i?/ ear/i?/ near/ni?/ idea/aidi?/ hear/hi?/ mere/mi?/ spear/sp?/ £ / air/ £ / te

7、ar/te / care/ke / dare/de / fair/f e/ there/e £ /u?/ tour/tu?/ poor/pu?/ sure/?u?/ moor/mu?/（停泊）your/ju?/p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/top/t?p/cap/k?p/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid/b/ bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/bl?k/ bear/be /t/ let/let/ sat/s?t/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid/d/ led/led/ sad/s?d/ fee

8、d/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/di?/k/ lack/l?k/ take/teik/ clock/kl ?k/ class/kla:s/ weekend/Wi:kend/ /g/ big/big/ lag/l?g/ glass/gla:s/ gum/g?m/ good/gud/ guest/gest/f/ face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/s?:f/ favorite/ feiv?rit/v/ very/ veri/ five/faiv/ fever/ fi:v ?/ serve/S?:v/ never/ nev?/thought/8 ?

9、t/ /I bath/ba: 8/（v 洗澡）thick/Oik/ mouth/mau 0/ breath/bre 叭n 呼吸）author/ ? 0?/ truth/tru: 0/ /e/ the/ e?/ they/eei/ that/e?t/ mother/ m?e?/ thus/ e?s/ then/een/ /s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/k?ps/ likes/laiks/ stops/s?ps/z/ close/kl?uz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/b?iz/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz/ /1

10、?/ catch/k?t7 cheepA?i:p/ rich/rit?/ watch/wt?/ child/t?aild/ question/kwest?n/teach/ti:t?/ challenge/t?lind?/d?/ orange/?rid?/ large/la:d?/ juice/d?u:s/ job/d?b/tr/ tree/tri:/ try/trai/ true/tru:/ trouble/traubl/ track/tr?k/dr/ dry/drai/ dream/dri:m/ dress/dres/ drink/dri?k/ hundred/h?ndrid/7 she/?

11、i:/ sharp/?a:p/ fish/fi ?/ shock/?k/ shoe/?u:/ ?/pleasure/ple?7 measure/me?/ television/telivi ?n/ts/ let s/lets/ sports/sp?:ts/ puts/puts/ writes/raits/ seats/si:ts/dz/ hands/h?ndz/ birds/b?dz/ friends/freindz/ beds/bedz/ stands/st?ndz/h/ he/ hi:/ hard/ha:d/ him/him/ heard/h?:d/ half/ha:f/l/like/la

12、ik/ late/leit/ learn/l?:n/ lead/li:d/ light/lait/m/ my/mai/ more/m?:/ seem/si:m/ meat/mi:t/ mind/maind/ men/men/n/ nice/nais/ wind/waind/ mind/maind/ rain/rein/ fine/fain/ ? / sing/si?/ wing/wi ?/ ring/ri?/ long/l?/ beautiful/bju:t?fl/j/ you/ju:/ few/fju:/ yard/ja:d/ music/mju:zik/ student/stju:dnt/

13、 excuse/ik skju:z/w/ work/w?:k/ way/wei/ well/wel/ what/w?t/ twelve/twelv/ twin/twin/r/ red/red/ road/r?ud/ write/rait/ wrong/r?/ problem/pr?bl?m/音标综合练习1 ./i:/ /i/ /e/ /?/bit/wi:k/di:l/ri?l/kid/dig/kwik/tip/zip/rid/wil/fil/bitweekdealrealkiddigquicktipzipridwillfill/pet/p?k/g?p/k?g/n?g/r?m/b?tl/sed/

14、 h?pi/ten/red/petpack gapcap nagrambattlesaidhappytenred/ Setl/ /tr? ?/ /di pend/settle trash depend2 ./a:/ / ?:/ /? / /u:/ /u/a:sk/ma:sk/pa:st/fra:ns/?d/ /l?:n/ /n?:t/p?:z/f?ks/s?k/askmask pastFranceodd lawn naughtpausefoxsock/fa:/la:d?/ /ma:k/l?:d/t?:/st?:m/p?t/kr?p/ /9 1/pr?mis/farlarge markLordt

15、orchstormpotcrop thoughtpromise/huk/ /lu:s/ /sut/ /tuk/ /mud/ 0ru:/pul/ /wud/hook loose soot took mood through pull wood3 ./?/ /?/ /?/b?z/ /d?l/h?ri/g?lf/tr?bl/?:n/s?:f/t?:n?/beg?/t?k/buss dullhurrygulftroubleearnsurfturnerbeggertuck/k?:b/?:k/? merik / 's?k?/ k? mp?/s? Vei/p? Veid/p? h? ps/curbi

16、rkAmericasoccercampersurveypervadeperhaps/b2i lesk/m?:d?/burlesque murder 3./ei/ /?u/ /ai/ /au/ /?i/keip/_/greit/_/mein/pr?p?u z/m?u ?2n/st?un/?uv?/sait/kape great main propose motion stone over sight/raim/daut/taipist/aust/m?ist/'?ist?/rhyme doubt typist oust moist oyster4 ./i?/ /?/ /u?/vi?/ /?

17、f?/ /d?/ /sk?/ /bu?n/ /gu?d/'ru?r?l/ /? pi?/ /k?l?mbi?/veer affairdare scare bourn gourdrural appear Colombia/m?ti?ri?l/ /misti?ri?s/material mysterious5 ./ N /e/m?n 0/ 0i:f/ /e? t/ /e? n/ /fei 0/ /t? gee?/ / 0 ?k/ /e?m selvz /month thief that than faith together thank themselves所谓浊音，就是声带要振动的音；轻

18、音就是发出了但声带却不振动的音 所有的元音都是浊音，声带都要振动。1 .关于语音的几个概念1)字母：语言的书写形式。元音字母a, e, i(y), o, u,2)音标：词的语音形式。3)音素：音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。4)音节：由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。ap'ple, stu'dent, tea'cher, un'der'stand5)元音：发音响亮，是乐音；口腔中气流不收阻碍；是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20元音。6)辅音：发音不响亮，是噪音；口腔中气流受到阻碍；不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28辅音。7)开音节： a)辅音+元音+辅音+e

19、name bike ;b) 辅音+元音 he, go, hi8)闭音节：a)辅音+元音+辅音 bad, bed, sit, hot, cup; b)元音+辅音it9)重读音节：单词中发音特别响亮的音节。2 .元音：(注意：下面空方括号是电脑无法输入的音标)1)i: sea, he, see, piece, ceiling2)i sit, build, miss, myth3)e bed, desk, head,4)? bad, land, bank, stamp5)a: car, fast, class, plant, calm, aunt6) ? hot, want7) ?: door, m

20、ore, sport, ball, warm, author, court, bought, caught8)u: good, who, blue, soup,9)u look, put, women, could10) A cup, come, blood, rough11)?: girl, work, serve, nurse12) ? cadre, ago, forget, polite, dollar, doctor, famous, Saturday13)ei cake, they, play, eight, great,14)ai bike, die, neither, light

21、, try, find, height, eye15)?u phone, cold, boat, soul, grow16)au house, town17)?i boy, oil18)i ? dear, idea, deer, here, fierce,19) e ? pear, care, there, fair20)u ? tour, poor,3 .容易混淆的元音1)e ? bed bad； men, man; pen, pan; lend land2)i: ei real rail; greet, great; mean, main; read raid3)e ai bet bite

22、; red write; said side, head, hide4)au ?: house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause5)au A found fond; gown gone; down don4 .辅音1)p pen,2)b bed, comb3)t tell,4)d, day, played, wanted5)k cold, sky, quick, school, back, accept, box6)g big, go, guess, language7)m man8)n nine,

23、 knife, autumn9) r bank, uncle, English, sing,10)l land, world11)r read, write,12)f five, cough, laugh13)v voice, of14) 0 think,15) e this, bathe16)s sit, miss, science, case, scarf17)z zoo, close,18) / sure, she, social, nation19)/ pleasure,20)h hot, who, hour21)w wall, what, answer22)j yes23)t / c

24、hild, teach, catch24)d/ joke, bridge,25)ts boats26)dz goods27)tr tree28)dr dream5 .容易混淆的辅音1)v w vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well2)s 0 sink think; sort thought; miss myth; mass math3)z e closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes4)n r thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang6 .读音规

25、则1)重读音节(见元音和辅音的例句)2）非重读音节? banana, student, today, after,i orange, secret, evening, very, Monday7 .特殊读音1）音的连读：not at all, half an hour, I love you and all. after all2）失去爆破：good girl, good student, good job, expression, school, extreme3）音的同化：this year, Would you do it? Can't you see it?8 .重首1）单词重

26、音A）双音节词a）一般在第一个音节重读。letter, sorryb）有 a-, be-, de-, re-, res-, in-, im-, en-, em-, es-, ex-, con-, com-, dis-, mis-, pre-, per-, pro-, trans- 等前缀的词， 第 二个音节是重音。a'bout, be'lieve, ad'dress, de'cide, re'port, con'demn, res'pect, com'pare, in'form, dis'cuss,im'p

27、ress, mis'take, en'force, pre'pare, em'ploy, per'mit, es'cape, pro'duce, ex'claim,trans'latec）有de-, in-, re-, con-, pre-等前缀的重音与词义和词类有关，一般名词的重音在第一个音节上，其它的词性在第二个音节上。'record, re'cord; 'insult, in'sult; 'conduct, con'duct; 'present pre'

28、sent; 'content, con'tentd）有些复合词和带有前缀re-, ex-, un-, pre-, post-,等的词，有两个重音。'out'side, 're'tell, 'well-'known, 'un'real, 'fifteen, 'Chi'nese, 'pre-'war, 'post-'warB）多音节词a）一般倒数第三个音节是重音。'difficult, 'communist, 'family, e'

29、conomy, oppor'tunity,de'mocracy.b）有一些双音节词，加了前缀和后缀成了多音节，但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。'carefully, in'definite, 'comfortable, con'ductor, ac'cording, dis'turbance, 'complicated,es'tablishment,c）词尾有-eous, -grahpy, -ial, -ian, -ic, -ics, -ience, ient, -ify, -ion, -ious, -ity, iv

30、e 后缀的词， 重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。cour'teous, cal'ligraphy, edi'torial, his'torian, peri'odic, mathe'matics, ex'perience,sufficient, i'dentify, trans'lation,re'ligious, curi'osity, pro'tectived）词尾有 -ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette后缀的词，重音在该后缀上，而且有一个次重音。enter'tain, emp

31、lo'yee,mountai'neer, Japa'nese, ciga'rette2）句子重音A）英语的节奏：（轻）-轻-重-轻-（轻）或重-轻-（轻）（轻）重B）英语句子的长短：是由句子中的重读词的数目决定的，而不是象汉语那样由句子中的汉字数目决定的。C）实词重读（副词重读），虚词轻读（冠词，单音节介词，单音节连词，人称代词，反代词，物主代词，关系代词，相互代词，助动词，情态动词和系动词be.D）实词不重读的特殊情况a）实词第二次出现He thinks of that as a child thinks.b） 一个名词被第二个名词修饰I met her in

32、 the railway station.c）代替词Which book do you want? The small one.d）感叹词中的 what和howWhat a good day it is! How beautiful she is!e） street在专有名词中Wangfujing Street.f） this 在这些短语中，this morning/afternoon/eveningE）虚词重读的特殊情况a）情态动词，助动词和系动词be在句首，句尾和否定时。Do you like it? Yes, I do. Are you a doctor? Yes, I am. Can

33、you help me? Yes, I can.I don't like you. He isn't a worker.b）情态动词表示可能，惊奇和肯定时。They may come this evening. Can it be five already? He must be in the room.c）介词在句首和句尾。In the box, he found a letter. He is the person I talked with.d）引导复合句的连词在句首。If you wish, I'll visit you. When he comes, I

34、9;ll tell him.e）反身代词表示强调。He couldn't come himself.英语发音连读的规则连读的条件：相邻的两词在意义上必须密切相关，同属一个意群。连读所构成的音节一般都不重读，只需顺其自然地一带而过，不可读得太重，也不可音。（连读符号：）（1） “辅音+元音”型连读在同一个意群里，如果相邻两词中的前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这就要将辅音与元音拼起来连读。I ' manEnglish boy.Itisan01d book.Let me havea lookatit.Ms Black worked inanoffice lastyest

35、erday.I calledyou halfanhourago.Putiton, please.Notatall.Please pickitup.（2） “r/re+元音”型连读如果前一个词是以-r或者-re结尾，后一个词是以元音开头，这时的 r或re不但要发/r/,而且还要与后面的 元音拼起来连读。They ' re my fatherand mother.I looked forit hereand there.Thereis a football underit.Thereare some books on the desk.Hereis a letter for you.Her

36、eare foureggs.But whereis my cup?Whereare your brotherand sister?但是，如果一个音节的前后都有字母r,即使后面的词以元音开头，也不能连读。The black clouds are coming nearer and nearer. （nearer 与 and 不可连读）（3） “辅音+半元音”型连读英语语音中的/j/和/w/是半元音，如果前一个词是以辅音结尾，后一个词是以半元音，特别是 /j/开头，此时也 要连读。Thankyou.Nice to meetyou.Didyou get there lateagain?Wouldyo

37、u likea cupof tea ?Couldyou help me, please?“音的同化”一常把 /d/+/j/读成/dV/, did you 听上成了 /dIdVu/ , would you 成了 /wudVu/, could you 成了 /kudVu/。(4) “元音+元音”型连读如果前一个词以元音结尾，后一个词以元音开头，这两个音往往也要自然而不间断 地连读到一起。Iam Chinese.Heis very friendly to me.She wants to studyEnglish.Howand why did you come here?She can ' t

38、 carryit.It ' ll take you threehours to walk there.The question is tooeasy for him to answer.(5)当短语或从句之间按意群进行停顿时，意群与意群之间即使有两个相邻的辅音与元音出现，也不可连读。Isit ahat or a cat? (hat与or之间不可以连读)Thereisa good book in my desk. (book 与 in 之间不可以连读)Can you speakEnglish or French? ( English 与 or 之间不可以连读)Shall we meet

39、ateight or ten tomorrow morning? (meet 与 at, eight 与 or 之间不可以连读)She opened the door and walkedin. (door 与 and 之间不可以连读)失去爆破6个爆破音有 3 X/p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, /g/失去爆破，又叫不完全爆破，就是在某些情况下，只须做出发音的准备，但并不发音，稍稍停顿后就发后面 的音。(1) “爆破音+爆破音”型6个爆破音中的任意2个相临时，前一个爆破音会失去爆破，即由相关的发音器官做好这个发音的姿势，稍做停顿后即发后面的爆破音。The girl in the re(d) coat was on a bla(ck) bike jus(t) now.The bi(g) bus from the fa(c) tory is full of people.Wha(t) time does he get up every morning?This is an ol(d) pi(c)ture of a bi(g) car.The ol(d) do(c)tor has a ca(t), too.Wd re going to wor