医学专题—CALCANEU跟骨骨折课件

1、医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折第一页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折Preop lateral demonstrating joint depression type of fracturewith displacement of a tuberosity and extension into the calcaneal cuboid joint.第二页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折The 30 degree semi-coronal and axial CAT scans of the fracture.TALUSDISPLACED POSTERIOR FAC

2、ETINTACTPOSTERIOR FACETSECONDARY FRACTURE LINETUBEROSITYANTEROLATERALFRAGMENTTHALAMIC (SUSTENTACULAR) FRAGMENTDISPLACEDPOSTERIOR FACET第三页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折The patient is positioned carefully in the lateral decubitusposition with pads under the axilla and downside peronealnerve. The down leg is

3、placed forward against and parallelwith the anterior edge of the bed.第四页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折Pillows are placed between the legs and enough sheetsbehind the down leg such that the operative leg lies parallel with the ground and at the level of the patients hip.第五页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折The wrinkle

4、 test, as described by Sanders, involves dorsiflexingthe foot from a plantar-fixed position and looking for normal skin turgor, as evidenced by wrinkling of the skin along the area of the lateral part of the foot. 第六页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折ANTERIORACHILLESBORDERINCISIONPERONEALTENDONSFIFTHMETATARSAL

5、The incision is slightly curved and L-shaped, beginning just anterior to the Achilles, curving at the level of the skin color change, running parallel with the sole of the foot and then curving slightly up anteriorly at its distal extent.FIBULA第七页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折With the tourniquet inflated,

6、the corner of the incision is brought directly down to bone.第八页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折ABDUCTORFASCIAToward the distal extent of the incision the fascia of the abductor should be identified and dissection should be performed superficially to this so as not to devascularize the muscle layer.第九页，共二十九页。

7、医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折In order to dissect directly on the calcaneus in a subperiosteal manner, significant tension should be developed by holding the heel inverted with the thumb and pulling directly laterally awayfrom the foot with a sharp retractor held deep in the flap.第十页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折TENSION

8、The tension as developed allows for easy dissection in asubperiosteal manner, with a knife that is held essentiallyparallel with the bone. Many #15 blades will be necessaryin order to dissect out the entire calcaneus.第十一页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折PERONEALTENDONSAfter the flap is completely elevated, th

9、e peroneal tendons arevisible at the distal extent of the flap. Care must be taken notto damage these tendons as the dissection progresses distally.第十二页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折LATERAL PROCESSOF TALUSCloseup view demonstrating that with flap elevation the lateral process and posterior facet of the tal

10、us is identified. A K-wire is placed into the talar body from the lateral process and used to retract the flap.第十三页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折PIN IN FIBULAPIN INTALUSDISPLACEDPOSTERIORFACETThe lateral wall and displaced portion of the posterior facet of the calcaneus us removed.第十四页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨

11、骨折TUBEROSITYINTACT POSTERIORFACET OF CALCANEUSPOSTERIORFACET TALUSDISPLACEDPOSTERIORFACETA bone hook can be used to pull the tuberosity down to its normal position; this reduction is necessary to allow for reduction of the posterior facet without steric interference.第十五页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折TUBERO

12、SITYINTACT POSTERIORFACET OF CALCANEUSPOSTERIORFACET TALUSDISPLACEDPOSTERIORFACETIn this figure, the posterior facet of the talus is visible with theintact medial portion of the posterior facet of the calcaneus remaining in its reduced position. The fractured lateral portionof the facet is visible a

13、s it is being removed.第十六页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折K-WIREFREERELEVATORAfter cleaning the fragment, the posterior facet is reducedanatomically with the aid of a Freer elevator in palpatingthe reduction, which is sometimes very difficult to see.This is held in place with a K - wire第十七页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANE

14、U跟骨骨折K-WIREFREERELEVATOROnce the reduction is confirmed under direct vision and fluoroscopy, it is fixed with cortical lag screws (next image). The fracture is anatomically reduced and visible with forceful inversion of the heel. 第十八页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折POSTERIORFACET TALUSPOSTERIOR FACETREDUCTIO

15、NA head lamp can direct light against the posterior facet of thecalcaneus by reflecting it off the posterior facet of the talus.第十九页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折The lateral x-ray demonstrating K-wire holding the tuberosity inposition. Also note a K-wire in the area of the angle of Gissane,holding the ante

16、rolateral fragment reduced.第二十页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折Reduction of the anterolateralfragment is usually obtainedby forceful manipulation witheither a ball spike or periostealelevator. A K-wire can thenbe placed in the anterolateralfragment into the intact medial sustentacular fragment (arrow).ANGLE

17、OFGISSANE第二十一页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折The lateral wall fragments are pieced back as well aspossible, given that they are sometimes comminuted.第二十二页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折Lateral radiograph and clinical picture after the anterolateral and anterior portion of calcaneus have been fixed with lag screws,

18、demonstrating reduction of the facet, the anterior calcaneus and the tuberosity.第二十三页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折After the bone is repositioned and held in place with K-wires,it is plated. In this example, two mini-fragment platesare used. However, many options are available for the platefixation.第二十四页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折Lateral radiograph after initial plate fixation.第二十五页，共二十九页。医学专题CALCANEU跟骨骨折The closure is exceedingly important and must be done inseveral layers. The deep fascia must be repaired to theperiosteum of