中考语法-现在完成时讲与练(含答案)

1、教学过程及内容【知识点概述】现在完成时讲解一、基本结构：主语 +have/has+过去分词（done）肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）二、用法1）现在完成时的“完成用法”现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态，但其结果却和现在有联系，也就是说，动作或状态发生在过去但它白影响现在还存在He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。（动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况

2、-灯现在不亮了。）I have spent all of my money.（含义是：现在我没有钱花了 .）Jane has laid the table.含义是：现在桌子已经摆好了 .）2）现在完成时的”未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。这里的动词要用持续性动词。常与for （ +时间段），since （+时间点）连用.Mary has been ill for three days. Mary has been ill since three days ago.一、/»汪后：1 .现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，（如表示过去

3、的时间状语）如 yesterday（morning、afternoon）,last（morning、 afternoon）等，除斗£与 for, since 连用.2 .现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用，如already （肯定）,yet （否定，疑问），just, before,recently, still, lately 等：He has already obtained a scholarship. Have they found the missing child yet?I haven't seen much of him recently （late

4、ly）. We have seen that film before.3 .现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用，如ever, never, twice, several times等：Have you everbeen to BeijingI have never heard Bunny say anything against her.I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.George has met that gentleman several times.4 .现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连

5、用，如up to these few days/ weeks/ months/years, just, up to present( now), so far 等Peter has written six papers so far.Up to the present everything has been successful.5 .现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.We have had fourtexts this semester. 6. have been to 和 have gone to 的区别 have been to 强调 去过“，现已不在

6、那里，如：He has been to the USA three times.他到美国去过三次。(过去 到美国“，现在已 不在美国“)have gone to主要强调的是 去了 ”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：-Where's your mother?-你妈妈在哪？-She has gone to the hospital.-她去医院了。has been in 一直在某地三、现在完成时考点例析现在完成时是较难掌握、中考考查较多的时态。涉及的考点有：一、考查其构成"助动词have (has) +动词过去分词"构成现在完成时。如：1. Kate's never

7、seen Chinese films, ?A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't sheD. is she析：陈述句部分含否定词never,简略问句部分要用肯定式，又因 Kate's是Kate has的缩写，故选 B。2. His uncle has already posted the photos to him.(改为否定句 )His uncle posted the photos to him.析：already常用在肯定句中，yet常用在否定句、疑问句中，故填 hasn't, yet。3. -Ann has gone to S

8、hanghai. -So her parents.A. has B. had C. did D. have析："so+助/系/情态动词+主语”结构中的动词形式应与前句结构中动词形式保持一致，又后句的主语为her parents是复数，故选D。二、考查其用法与标志词（一）当句中有 never, ever, just, already, yet, before 等时，常用现在完成时。如：1. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?-you your homework yet?A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Di

9、d; finish D. Have; finished2. -you anywhere before? -Yes, but I can't remember where IA. Did; surf; surfedB. Have; surfed; surfedC. Did; surf; have surfed D. Have; surfed; have surfed析：据yet和before可知，应用现在完成时，故 1题选D, 2题选D。（二）当句中有"for +段时间"或"since +点时间”等时，主句常用现在完成时，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，若是非延续

10、性动词，要改为延续性动词或表状态的词（短语）。如：1. His brother has been to Stone Forest twice he came to Yunnan.A. after B. before C. since D. for析：主句用的是现在完成时，而从句用的是一般过去时，故选Co2. Tom the CD player for two weeks.A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had析：A、B、C均为非延续性动词，在肯定句中不与表"段时间”的短语连用，故选 D。3. I a letter fr

11、om him since he left.A. didn't receive B. haven't got C. didn't have D. haven't heard析：据 since 可知,应排除 A、C, "hear from sb.=receive/get/have a letter from sb."意为"收到某人的来信", 故选Bo三、考查 have/has been （to, in）/have/has gone （to） 的区另如：1. -Have you ever Lintong to see the T

12、erra Cotta Warriors?-Yes, I have.A. went toB. gone to C. been inD. been to析：据句中的have,排除A, B项意为"去某地了 "，C项意为"一直呆在某地"，D项意为"去过某地"， 符合题意，故选D。2. My parents Shangdong for ten years.A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been析：本题句中有"for+段时间”结构，据此可排除 C, B项意

13、为"去过某地"，不合题意，D项缺介词，故选Ao四、考查现在完成时与其他时态的联系和区别。如：1. Sun's aunt has gone there for ten years.（改成正确的句子 ）析：非延续性动词与"段时间"连用时，除了把非延续性动词改成延续性动词外，还可把动词改为一般过去时或借助句型"It's +段时间+since+从句"进行句子转换。故答案为： Sun's aunt has been there for ten years. / Sun's aunt went there ten

14、years ago. / It's ten years since Sun's aunt went there.2. Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.（改为同义句 ）more than ten years Susan to this city.析：据上题分析，且 since引导的从句要用一般过去时，故填 It is, since, cameo3. I won't go to the concert because I my ticket.A. lost B. don't lose C. ha

15、ve lost D. is coming析：因我丢了票的动作发生在过去，而且对现在造成了我不能参加音乐会的结果，符合现在完成时所表 示的含意，故选Co英语的行为动词有持续性动词和瞬间性动词之分，使用中应注意两者的区别。一、持续性动词：表示一个动作可以持续一段时间或更长时间。常见的 study, play, do, read, learn, drive, write, clean , sleep, speak, talk, wait, fly, stay, sit, stand, lie, keep 等。二、瞬间性动词：表示一个动作发生在一瞬间，非常短暂。亦称终止性动词。常见的-begin, s

16、tart, finish, go, come, leave, find, get up, arrive, reach, get to, enter, hear, stop, open, close, become, buy, borrow, lend, happen, join, lose, renew, die, take away, put up, set out, put on, get on/off 等 瞬间性动词在完成时中如要与表示持续一段时间的状语连用，通常有两种方法：（1）用意思相当的持续性动词来替换He has been in the army/a soldier for th

17、ree years.（他参军已有 3 年了。）不用 has joinedShe has been up for quite some time.（她起床已有好久了。）不用 has got up Has your brother been away fromhome for a long time?（离家已有好久了吗？）不用 has left常用瞬间动词相应持续性动词关系：1、gobe away 2、come be here 3、come back be back4、leave be away （ be not here） 5、buyhave6、borrow - keep7、diebe dead

18、 8、beginbe on 9、finish be over 10 openbe open11、 closebe closed 12、losebe lost 13、get to know know14、 turn on be on15、get upbe up 16、sit down sit/beseated17、join be in ()或 be amember18、become be(1) 用it issince结构来替换瞬间动词，例如：电影已经开映5分钟了。(两种方法)(2) The film has been on for five minutes.(3) It' s five

19、minutes since the film began.他离开上海已有3天了。(两种方法)(1) He has been away from Shanghai for three days.(2) It is three days since he left Shanghai.这本书我还给图书馆已有两周了。(一种方法)It ' s two weeks since I returned the book to the library.他找到他妹妹已有多久了？(一种方法)How long is it since be found his sister?瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间

20、的状语连用例如：I haven' t seen you for a long time.(好久没见到你了。)【习题巩固】所给词的适当形式填空1. All the furniture in the building (belong) to the company not to his own.2. When I was at college I(speak) three foreign languages, but I(forget) all except a few words of each.3. We would have walked to the station. It was

21、 so near.Yes, a taxi(be) at all necessary.4. I don ' t really work here. I(just help out)until the new secretary arrives.5. He(break) his leg when he(play) in a football match.6. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she(arrive).7. As she(read)newspaper, Granny(fall)a

22、sleep.8. -Do you like the material? -Yes, it(feel)very soft.9. -Come on in, Tom. I want to show you something.-Oh, how nice of you! I(think) you(go) to bring me a gift.10. You' ve agreed to go, so why aren' t you getting ready?-But I(realize)that you(want) us to start at once.11. The house i

23、s dirty. We(clean)it for weeks.12. (I tell) the sports meet might be put off.- Yes, it all depends on the weather.13. I ' m sorry to keep you waiting.-Oh, not at all. I(be) here only a few minutes.14. You don ' t need to describe her. I(meet) her seeimes.15. The cost of living(go up)by ten p

24、ercent before the government took any action.16. By the time new pupil(gather) enough courage to raise his hand , the bell for the end of the lesson (ring).17. Did you go to Beijing for vacation ?I(plan) to go , but I got sick at the last minute.18. When will they leave ?They(leave) very soon .19. -

25、Was he studying for an exam ? -Yes , he's it next week.20. Are there going to be many people at your party today ?We hope that(there be go).21. She must have arrived there last night ,(do/have/need/must)she ?22.the letter , I ran out of the room to the post office.23. Twelve inches(make) one foo

26、t.24. I(think of )going to London next month.25. He(study) English for six years by the time he takes his examination.26. By this time next year he ( graduate) from this college.27. (hardly I reach) the school when the bell rang.28. He promised us that he(be 动)early but he(arrive) yet.29. The teache

27、r told the pupils that the earth(be) round.30. The moment they met , they knew that(they frends).31. We(discuss) the problem for quite some time , but we(reach) any conclusion yet.32. It wasn't until two o'clock that I(go) to sleep.33. -Where(you put)my book ? I can't see it anywhere. -

28、I(put) it on this table . But now it's gone .34. Perhaps it will be a long time(Tom come back) from abroad.35. If the film(show)is our school , we'll go and see it .36. How(you get)on with your English these days .Not bad.37. What(you do) when I phoned you this morning?-1(just finish)my home

29、work and was starting to take a boat.38. I(never read)such an interesting book before.39. that the earth was the centre of the universe.A People were believing B It was once believed40. Two of the boys(hurt)while playing football.41. Prices(rise)sharply in the past few years.42. The number of the st

30、udents in our school(add up to)1200.43. What he said at the meeting(prove)true .44. How long do you think the meeting(last)45. The May 4th movement(take place)in 1919.46. These kinds of shoes(not sell)well.47. On returning home ,I found I(leave)umbrella in the office.48. Once you(make)a promise , yo

31、u must carry it out.49. She(marry)Charles for a year.50. The singer lived in California until he(sent)to university.句型转换1、He has never surfed, ?（改成反意疑问句）2、They have been here since 2000.（对划线部分提问） have they been here?3、 The old man last year. He for a year. （die）（动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty yea

32、rs ago.（同义句转换 ）This factory for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago.（同义句转换）Miss Gaoan hour ago.6、Her mother has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother the Party three years .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago.（同义句转换 ）two years the Green family moved to France.课堂 听课及知识掌握情况反馈 检 测 测试题题； 正确率;教学需：加快口保持口放慢口 增加内容口课后作业 题； 巩固复习： ; 预习布置： 参考答案1、 belongs