2020高考英语“主谓一致”考点一遍过,超全考点梳理+易错点拨!

1、在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致, 这就叫主谓一致。近几年来，高考关于该内容的考查主要集中在语法形态一 致、逻辑意义一致以及就近一致三个方面上。主谓一致在高考中常与名词结合在一起进行综合考查，多以语法填空和短文改错的形式出题，在完形填空中也会有所涉及，总体难度系数较低，纵观近年的高考真题，主谓一 致中的固定搭配是考查的重难点。预计2020年高考仍会沿袭这一命题规律。1.掌握主谓一致的三个原则：语法形态一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致；2.掌握主谓一致中的固定搭配；3.掌握定语从句中的主谓一致； 4.掌握倒装句、强调句中的主谓 一致。01高考主谓一致的知识结构一致原

2、则考点详解例句语法一致1.以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、 动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一 般用单数形式；主语为复数时，谓语动词 用复数形式。His father is working on the farm.To study English well is not easy.What he said is very important for us all.The children were in the classroom two h ours ago.Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.2.由连接词and或bothand连接起来的合成主

3、语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。Lucy and Lily are twins.She and I are classmates.The boy and the girl were surprised when they heard the news.Both she and he are Young Pioneers.3.主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有w ith, together with , except, but, like , as well as, rather than, more than, no less than,besides, including 等弓 1起的短语，

4、谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数， 谓语用复数形式。Mr. Green, together with his wife and chil dren, has come to China.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the pla yground.She, like you and Tom , is very tall.4. either , neither, each, every 或 no + 单 数名词和由 some, any, no, every 构成的 复合不定代词，都作单数看待。Each of us has a new book.Everythin

5、g around us is matter.5.在定语从句中，关系代词 that, who, wh ich等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中 先行词的数一致。He is one of my friends who are working hard.He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.一致原则考点详解例句语法一致6 .如果集体名词指的是整个集体， 它的谓语 动词用单数；如果它指集体的成员，其谓语 动词就用复数形式。这些词有 family, class, crowd, committee, population, audienc

6、e 等。7 .由 “alot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of +名词”构成的短语以及由 分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语作主 语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词 的数而定。Class Four is on the third floor.Class Four are unable to agree upon a mo nitor.注：people, police, cattle等名词一般都用作 复数。如： The police are looking for the lo st child.There are a lo

7、t of people in the classroom. The rest of the lecture is wonderful.50% of the students in our class are girls. 注：a number of 与 the number of 的区另U8.在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主 语一致。There comes the bus.On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result. Such are the facts.逻辑f1. what, who, which, any, more,all等代词可

8、以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。Which is your bag? Which are your bags?All is going well. All have gone to Beijing.2.表示时间、重量、长度、价值”等的名词 的复数作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形 式，这是由于作主语的名词在概念上是一个 整体。Thirty minutes is enough for the work.Ten miles is too long.3.若主语是书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、 国名等的复数形式，其谓语动词通常用单数 形式。“TheArabian Nights "is a

9、n interesting story-book.4.表数量的短语 “oneand a half后接复数 名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式。One and a half apples is left on the table.一致原则考点详解例句逻辑f5.算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单 数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。Twelve plus eight is twenty.Fifty-six divided by eight is seven.6. 一些学科名词是以-ics结尾，如：mathematics, politics , physics 以及 news, wor ks等，都属于

10、形式上是复数的名词，实际 意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语 动词要用单数形式。The paper works was built in 1990. I think physics isn easy to study.7. trousers,glasses,clothes,shoes,jeans等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果 这些名词前有 a (the) pair of等重词修 饰时，谓语动词用单数。My glasses are broken.The pair of shoes under the bed is his.8.定冠词the +形容词或分词”，表示某 一类人时，动词用复数。Th

11、e old are taken good care of.9. a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或/、可数 名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。A large quantity of people is needed here. 注意：quantities 一般用复数。Quantities of food (nuts) were on the tabl e.10. a great deal of, a large amount of修饰/、可数名词， 作主语时， 谓语动词 通常用单数；large amounts of修饰不可数 名词，作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数。A large

12、 amount of (A great deal of) dama ge was done in a very short time.Large amounts of money were spent on t he bridge.就1.当两个主语由 eitheror, neither nor, whether or ，not only - but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。Either the teacher or the students are our friends.Neither they nor he is wholly right.2. there be句型的be

13、动词单复数取决于其 后的主语。如果其后是由 and连接的两个 主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。There are two chairs and a desk in the ro om.Here引导的句子用法同上。如：Here is a map and a handbook for you.02考向一语法一致语法一致：就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致。1 . 单数名词、不可数名词、不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。主语为复数时，谓语动词用复数。?His father is working on the farm.? Time is money.? To finish a

14、ll the work on time is impossible.? Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.? The children are in the classroom 2 hours ago.由what引导的主语从句，后面的谓语动词多用单数但如果表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，谓语动词用复数。What I bought were 3 English books.What I say and do are helpful to you.2 .由 and 或 both.and 连接起来的合成主语后面谓语动词用复数。Lu

15、cy and Lily are twins.She and I are friends.Both she and he are Young Pioneers.如果and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就用单数。The writer and artist has come.由and 连接的并列单数主语前分别有each, every, no more than a(an), many a(an)修饰时，谓语动词用单数。Every student and every teacher was in the room.No boy and no girl likes it.3 .主语后

16、面有with, together with, except, but, like, as well as, rather than, more than,no less than, besides, including等引起的短语时，谓语动词的单复数由主语的单复数 决定。Mr Green, together with his wife and children, has come to China.Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.She, like you and Tom, is very tall.4 .either, neithe

17、r, each, every 或 no+单数 neither/neither/none of十复数名词，还有some, any, no, every 构成的复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数。Each of us has a new book.Everything around us is matter.Neither of the texts is interesting.None of us has been to South Africa.5 .定语从句中，关系代词 that, which, who 作主语时，谓语动词的数和先行词一致。He is one of my students w

18、ho are working hard.He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.1. （2019 江苏卷 单项填空） The musician along with his band membersten performances in the last three months.A. givesB. has givenC. have givenD. give【答案】 B【解析】考查现在完成时与主谓一致。句意：在过去的三个月里，这名音乐家与他的乐队成员已经完成了十场演出。由 “in the last three months 可

19、知，这句话的时态 ”为现在完成时，故排除 AD选项。本句主语为the musician,为第三人称单数形式， 句中的"along with his band members是附加成分，故谓语动词要用第三人称单数形 式。故选B。2 （2018 新课标卷 I 语法填空）While running regularly can ' t make you live forever, the review says it 64 （be） more effective at lengthening life 65than walking, cycling or swimming.【答案】

20、is【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。医学报告显示：跑步比散步、骑车和游泳更能有效地延长寿命。这里叙述的是一个事实，故用一般现在时，且主语是it ，表示单数概念。故填is。3.He is one of the most selfish men that ever lived; that s why hardly making friends with him.A. has； anyone likesB. have； does anyone likeC. has； no one likesD. have； anyone likes【答案】D【解析】考查主谓一致。that 引导的定语从句修饰的是名词复数

21、 men ， 因此定语从句的谓语动词应用have。 第一个空考查的是定语从句中谓语动词的单复数， one of+复数名词 +关系代词+复数动词，因此第一个空用have ；后半句译为那就是几乎没有任何人和他交朋友的原因， hardly 表示几乎不，根据句意，后面应是肯定句，故排除C项；hardly作为否定副词放在句首时，句子才使用倒装语序，因此排除 B 项。故选 D 项。6 .集体名词family, class, crowd, committee, population, audience 等，指整体时，用单数；指集体的成员时，用复数。His family is a happy one.The

22、whole family are watching TV.The population of China is 1400 million.（ 人口 ）One third of the population here are workers.（ 人） people, cattle, police作主语时，谓语动词用复数。7 .由 a lot of, lots of, plenty of, the rest of, the majority of 名词， 或者是分数/ 百分数名词构成的短语作主语，谓语动词的数由名词的单复数决定。The rest of the lecture is wonderfu

23、l.A lot of time is wasted.A lot of people take part in the meeting.2/3 water is drunk by him.2/3 students are absent.8 .倒装句中，谓语v.的数与其后的主语一致。On the wall are many pictures.Such is the result.Such are the facts.It is important to remember that success a sum of small efforts made eachday and often years

24、 of achieve.A. is; takesB. are; takesC. are; takeD. is; take【答案】A【解析】主谓一致指人称和数方面的一致关系。根据分析， 第一空的谓语要填一个单数，因为此宾语从句：一廿21 success a sum of - day9主语是 success,一个单数名词，故谓语要用is；后面的句子：often years to achieve.的主语也是success， 故第二空的谓语也是一个单数形式。句意： 成功是将每天一小点努力积累起来，是需要多年的努力去达到，记住这些很重要。03考向二 意义一致原则1 .表示时间、度量、 长度、 价值等的复

25、数名词作主语， 因为其在概念上是一个整体，谓语动词用单数。Twenty minutes is enough for the work.One hundred dollars is stolen from the ATM.2 .如果是书名，片名，格言，剧名，报名，国名等的复数形式作主语，谓语动词用单数。The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.one and a half 复数n. ，谓语动词用单数。One and a half apples is left on the table.3 .算式中表示数目通常用单数（加减乘除）4 .表示学科的

26、以一ics结尾的名词作主语，用单数。Physics is an important subject in middle schools.Mathematics is the study of numbers.Politics, economics, athletics 等。5 .复数形式的单复数同形的名词作主语，意义一致。The glass works was built up in 1980.These glass works are near the railway station.6 .由两部分组成的名词，trousers, glasses, shorts, scissors等作主语时，

27、谓语动词用 复数。 a pair of 等量词时，视情况而定。7 .The adj. 表示一类人，作主语时用复数。The young are usually very active.The old are lonely.【2019 新课标 I 卷 语法填空】 Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _70_ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.【答案】 are【解析】时态和考查主谓一致。根据thre

28、e are declining ，此处数词six 作主语，代指前文中的 “ polar bear subpopulations ，故用复数谓语，一般现在时，故填 ”are 。04考向三 就近一致原则就近一致：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。 1) 当两个主语由 either or neither norwhether or ,- not only but also 连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.他的父母和我都不能说服他改变注意。

29、 2) 2) there be 句型的 be 动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由 and 连接的 两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。There are two pens ， a book and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有两支钢笔，一本书和三支铅笔。There is a book， two pens and three pencils on the desk. 书桌上有一本书，两支钢笔和三支铅笔。（ 3）在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。Here is a map and a handbook for you. 这是一张你的地图和一本手

30、册。Such are the facts. 事实就是如此。（ 4）就远原则：谓语动词与前面主语一致。主语后面接连接性短语时， 这种结构并不影响主语和谓语的关系， 即谓语动词的数与主语的数保持一致。 此类连接性短语有 as well as， as much as， along with ， with ， like， rather than ， together with ， but ， except ， besides， including ， in addition to 等。your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me. 你姐姐

31、和你父母一样， 对我很好。she, like you and betty , is very clever.像你和 betty一样，她也很聪明。The father as well as his three children skating on the frozen river everySunday afternoon in winter.A.is goingB.goC.goesD.are going【答案】 C【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意：在冬天的每个星期天下午，这位父亲和他的三个孩子都去结冰的河面上滑冰。 当 as well as 连接两个名词或代词作主语时， 谓 语动词的数应与a

32、s well as前面的名词或代词保持一致。本题的谓语动词应与Thefather 保持一致，用单数形式；由时间状语every Sunday afternoon 可知，本句应用一般现在时。故选C项。05考点三 名词+介词短语作主语名词或代词后接as well as， with ， along with ， together with ， except ， but 等短语作主语时，谓语动词的形式应和介词短语前的名词或代词的人称和数保持一致。She as well as other students likes playing computer games. 她和其他学生都喜欢玩电脑游戏。He wi

33、th his parents is working in the fields. 他正和他的父母在地里干活。Nobody but you and me knows it. 除了你和我，没人知道。06考向四 不定代词作主语1. 当作主语的名词前有each， neither ， either ， every 修饰或 each， neither ， either作主语时，谓语动词用单数。?Each student has a book. 每一个学生都有一本书。?Either answer is correct. 两个答案都是正确的。?Neither parent is with him. 他的父母都

34、没有和他在一起。?Every minute is important to us. 每一分钟对大家都很重要。2. 当复合不定代词someone， anyone， somebody ， anybody ， nobody ， everybody ，something ， anything ， nothing ， everything 等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。?Somebody is waiting for you outside. 有人在外面等你。?Is everybody here today? 今天大家都到了吗?Something is wrong with my watch. 我的手表出

35、故障了。?Nobody was away yesterday. 昨天没有人离开。All we need a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruittrees throughout the growing seasons of the year.A. areB. wasC. isD. were【答案】 C【解析】考查主谓一致及时态用法。句中的主语为代词all,代指的是物，故谓语动词用单数形式。 再根据从句中的 can 可以判断用一般现在时。句意：我们所需要的是一小块土地，在整个一年的生长季节，我们能够种各种不同的

36、水果树。故C正确。07考向五 特殊名词作主语1. 国名、人名、书名、报刊名、组织机构等专有名词作主语时，即使其形式上是复数，谓语动词也要用单数。?The United States lies to the east of China. 美国在中国的东方。 （国名 ）?Engels was good at learning foreign languages. 恩格斯擅长学外语。 （人名 ）2. u the+形容词u作主语时，表示某类人，谓语动词用复数。?The sick are taken good care of. 病人得到很好的照顾。?The old are supposed to be

37、spoken to politely. 跟老人讲话要有礼貌。3. 以-s结尾的学科名词， 如maths, physics, politics等和以-s结尾的抽象名词，如 news， plastics 等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。?Physics is very difficult for me to learn. 物理对我来讲很难学。?The news was very exciting. 这条新闻十分激动人心。4. 单复数形式相同的名词，如Chinese， Japanese， sheep， deer 等作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词前的修饰语来确定。?A Chinese wants to

38、 see you. 一个中国人想见你。?Ten sheep are eating grass there. 那边有 10 只绵羊在吃草。【注意】Chinese, Japanese, English等前加the表示一国人，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。The Chinese speak Chinese. 中国人说汉语。08考向六 表数量概念的词或短语作主语1. 表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时，通常看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数。?Ten years has passed quickly. 10年很快就过去了。?Ten dollars is enough. 10 美元就够了。?100 k

39、ilometers is a long way. 100 千米是一段很长的路。2. 加减乘除运算中的谓语动词用单数，其中加法与乘法也可用复数。?Two and two is/are four. 2 加 2 等于 4。?Six times one is/are six. 6 乘以 1 等于 63. many a/more than one+ 单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。?There is more than one answer. 有不止一个答案。?Many a student has passed the exam. 许多学生通过了考试。4. " one and a half+复数名词"作主语时，谓语用单数。?One and a half d