英美文学选读复习资料

1、英国文学选读复习资料一.Geoffrey Chaucer （1340-1400）杰弗里.乔叟 时期1、the father of English poetry英国诗歌之父2、 heroic couplet 英雄双韵体： a verse unit consisting of two rhymed（押韵）lines in iambic pentameter（五步抑扬格）3、代表作：the Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷的故事（英国文学史的开端）人文主义先驱，the father of English poetry.第一个用英语写作的诗人。二.William ShakespeareI.Th

2、e four great tragedies by William Shakespeare are Hamlet , Othello , King Lear , Macbeth .四大喜剧 是 A Midsummer Nights Dream ;As you like it ;Twelfth Night ;The merchant of Venice .the period of Revolution and Restoration （17世纪）资产阶级革命和王权复辟prose 散文1、 文学特1点： the Puritans（清教徒）believed in simplicity of lif

3、e、 disapproved ofthe sonnets and the love poetry 、breaking up of old ideals.清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、和旧思想脱离。2、代表人物：1）、John Donne 约翰.多恩 The founder of the a metaphysical poets （玄学派诗人）的代表人物代表作：Love lyrics:Songs and sonnets.The Flea.A Valediction: forbidding morning作品特点： strike the reader in Donne; s extr

4、aordinary frankness and penetrating realism.（坦诚的态度和现实描绘） novelty of subject matter an d point（ 新颖的题材和视角 ） novelty of its form.（ 新颖的形式 ）2）、John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿 a great poet 诗人 （poem 诗歌 blank verse ） was a _radical puritan in politics and religion. 激进清教徒分子。 Defense for the English People 为英国人辩护 Paradise

5、 Lost 失乐园 Satan is not a villain ”撒旦不是坏人 Paradise Regained 复乐园John Milton s three great poems are _Paradise lcst_ （无韵诗 bland verse故事情节来自 OleTestament,要知道止匕书的 them 和 Satan 的形象），_Paradise Regained , Samson Agonistes（poetical drama）the Romantic Period（1798-1832）浪漫主义Pre-Romanticism was greatly influence

6、dby the Industrial Revolution and the FrenchRevolution前浪漫主义极大地影响了工业革命和法国大革命。教育意义 Educational : liberty, equality and fraternity自由，平等，博爱开始的标志： beginning with the publication of William Wordsworth s LyricalBallads 抒情歌谣集从威廉.华兹华斯发表的“抒情歌谣开始4、lake poets（ 湖畔诗人）：Coleridge, Robert Southey, Wordsworth5、代表人物：1

7、）、William Wordsworth威廉.华兹华斯 poet-laureate （桂冠诗人）romanticism英国最伟大的诗人。自然的崇拜者。英国桂冠诗人。湖泊诗人（消极浪漫主义） 题材：nature and common peoples lives.Lyrical ballads 抒情歌谣集（柯勒律治合编，浪漫主义宣言书）I wandered lonely as a Cloud.（最重要的） The Rime of the Ancient Mariner老船夫。Kubla Khan 忽必烈汗（这两个比较重要点） Samuel Taylor Coleridge 家 Lyrical ba

8、llads; 。Bilgraphia Literaria文学传t己 （止匕作者不太重要）题材：Super Nature.作品特,点： simplicity and purity of the language, fighting against the conventional forms of the 18th century poetry11.Jane Austen s subject matter was restricted to a narrow range of society and events, a quiet, prosperous,middle-class circle

9、in provincial surroundings.Jane Austens novels, in order of publication, are Sense and Sensibility , Pride and Prejudice_Mansfield Park_ 曼斯菲尔德望庄园 _Emma_, _Northanger Abbey_ 诺桑觉诗， _Persuasion_劝导.她是中产阶级小说的发起人。13. Percy Bysshe Shelley 雪莱P. B. Shellys Ode to the West Wind is in the form of _ terza rima

10、三行诗节，whose rhyme scheme is _ aba,bcb,cbc,ded_.最后两行为ee.和Byron拜伦是晚期的浪漫主义。主要作品：Prometheus Unbound解放的普罗米修斯（drama）. A Defence of Poetry 诗辩Ode to her West Wind 西风颂 To a Skylark 致云雀。The Revolt of Islam伊斯兰的反叛。14. John Keats s many odes are looked upon as the greatest achievement in the history of English li

11、terature; among them are _Ode to a Nightingale_, _Ode to Autumn_,（这个最重要）_Ode ona Grecian Urn _.希腊古瓮颂 Ode on Melancholy忧郁颂（不太重要）他的诗歌没有雪莱和拜 伦那么强的革命性，他的诗歌是为了缔造一个唯美的世界，为了追求美而写作的。poem“Beauty is truth, truth beauty ”美学原则15. Mary Shelley玛丽雪莱长篇小说Frankenstein弗兰肯斯坦，或现代普罗米修斯（恐怖作品）Critical Realism批判现实主义Victoria

12、n Period维多利亚时期humanism人文主义1、 意义： Chartism signified the first great political movement of the proletariat in English history.在英国的历史中，宪章运动是伟大的无产阶级政治运动。2、代表人物：Alfred, Lord Tennysony主要作品是Ulysses尤利西斯，继华兹华斯被授予“桂冠诗人”的称号Robert Browning（第三位）。悼念集In MemoriamA.H.H 是英国文学史上最长的，也是 和弥尔顿、雪莱齐名最伟大的挽歌诗人。Idylls of the

13、King国王诗歌。短诗有 Break,Break,Break.Crossing the bar。此人政治态度保守，作品追求形式上的完美，富于音乐 性和色彩。Charles Dickens 狄更斯 is regarded as a Critical realistic 批判现实主义novelist. Hisautobiographical novel is 、 匹克威克夕卜传 （第部长篇作品 Spicy and humor ） Oliver Twist 奥利佛，退斯特 -雾都孤儿（描写孤儿生活）.反映小私有者悲惨生活的The Old Curiosity Shop老古玩店To expose the

14、 dark of the bourgeois, but have a warm criticism to the society二、Christmas Tales 圣诞故事集 Dombey and Son 董贝父子。David Copperfield . 大卫科波菲 尔（Autobiographical novel, it s the favorite one of the author,描写了作者的大量亲身经历）Critical the money rule of the bourgeois and the characters of the work have more social me

15、anings.三、A Tale of Two Cities 双城记 （描述了法国大革命 French Revolution） 。 Great Expectation 远大前程 Hard Times 艰难日事 Bleak House 荒凉山庄 Little Dorrit 小杜丽 Pickwick Papers Have less humors and the greatest significance to the social.特点：describing the misery and sufferings of commonpeople.描述苦难和苦难的群众。Charlotte Bronte

16、代表作 Jane Eyre1 .The criticism of the bourgeois system of education.2 .The criticism of the bourgeois system of marriage.3 .Equal rights.Emlly Bronte 代表作 Wuthering HeightsThe transition from 19th to 20th century in English literature 19到 20 世纪英国文学的过渡期1、Aestheticism 唯美主义art for art s sake” 为艺术而艺术2、代表人

17、物。1）、Thomas Hardy 悲观主义者 Pessimists Tess of the D Urbervilles 苔丝Jude the obscure无名的裘德 The Woodlanders The Mayor of Casterbridge 卡斯特桥市长 TheReturn of the Native 还乡 Far from the Madding Crowd 远离尘嚣 Under the GreenwoodTree在绿荫下(后面的不重要，第一个很重要)novel 特点： His career is thus divided sharply between his Victoria

18、n novels andhis post-Victorian poetry.他的生涯就是他的小说和他的后维多利亚诗歌之间的尖锐分歧。2)、Oscar Wilde art for art s sake” 为艺术而艺术William Butler Yeats: Whenyou are old 诗歌特点：symbllism,mysticism.modernistss influence 等等。2)George Bernard Shaw 代表作 Pygmalion 喜居U3) William Butler Yeats 代表作 When you are old ( poet)22.James Joyce

19、s Ulysses 意识流小说的经典之作 Dubliner (者B 柏林)and Finnegans Wake 芬尼根守灵夜 revolutionized the form and structure of the novel in the development of the stream-of-consciousness technique.和美国作家 William Faulkner 福克纳都是意识流作家。James Joyce ( 1882-1941)被认为是继莎士比亚后英国文学史上最伟大的作家。代表作Ulysses尤利西斯，Ulysses给英国传统小说带来一场革命，成功在于意识流(

20、streams of consciousness;)描写表面上纷纷扬扬，漫无边际，实际上结构齐整，周密严谨，为现代小说 巅峰之作20.D. H. Lawrence had travelled to many places, among them are Italy , Australia , New Zealand, the South Seas, California, New Mexico,Mexico ect. Modernist Novelist Lawrence wrote chiefly about _ the relationship between parents and ch

21、ildren , the passion between men and women , the ugliness , mammonism拜金主义 ，sham morality 不道德_ of the modern industrialized society.主要作品：儿子和情人Sons and Lovers,恋爱中的妇女Women is love ,查泰莱夫人的情人 Lady Chatterleys Lover ,虹 The Rainbow.Thomas Stearms Eliot 代表作the Waste Land 荒原 里程碑似的作家 William GoldingDorls Less

22、ingDoris Lessing 多丽丝。莱辛。第一部长篇小说青草在歌唱The Grass is Singing 金色笔记The Golden Notebook.Pride and Prejudice The characteristicsElizabeth: She inherited her fathers sense of humor and irony, has positive standard of morals and good sense and is a vigorous and intelligent young lady.Darcy: He is pride of his

23、 superior social status and objective to Elizabeths low relatives. He is liberal and honorable and in the humble as well. Love humbles him and makes him worthy of love.The themeIt is a novel about society and the relationships of family.It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of wife. This sentence points out the theme of this novel. It is marriage and money.This novel revolved around the process of four couples marriage( They are Mr. Bengley and Jane