高级英语第二册

1、v1.0可编辑可修改Unit 1: Face to Face with Hurricane Camilleby Joseph P. BlankI. Additional Background Knowledge1. Hurricane; typhoon; cyclone2. Salvation Army3. Red CrossII. Introduction to the Passage1. Type of literature: A piece of narration-character (protagonist/antagonist)-action (incidents, events,

2、 etc.)-conflicts (suspense, tension)-climax-denouement2. Main idea3. Organization ：-introduction-development-climax-conclusionIII. Effective Writing Skills:1. making effective use of verbs2. using many elliptical and short, simple sentences toachieve certain effectIV. Rhetorical Devices:1. transferr

3、ed epithet2. personification3. metaphor4. simileV. Special DifficultiesAvoiding the following kinds of mistakes:1. run-on sentences2. sentence fragments3. dangling modifiers4. 川ogical or faulty parallelism5. unnecessary shifts in point of view6. paraphrasing some sentences7. identifying figures of s

4、peechVI. Questions1. What is the organizational pattern of this piece ofnarration2. What does the writer focus chiefly on - developingcharacter, action (plot), or idea (theme)3. Who is the protagonist in the story4. How does the writer build up and sustain the suspensein the story5. Why did John Kos

5、hak feel a crushing guiltUnit 2: Marrakech by George OrwellI. Additional Background Knowledge2.1.George OrwellMorocco3. Marrakech4. The Jewish peopleII. Introduction to the Passage1. Type of literature: a pieceof exposition2. The purpose of a pieceofexposition:-to inform or explain3. Ways of develop

6、ing the thesis of a piece ofexposition:-comparision, contrast, analogy, identification, illustration, analysis, definition, etc.4. The central thought or thesisIII. Effective Writing Skills:1. making effective use of specific verbs2. using the methods of contrast,illustration,comparision, etc.3. cle

7、ver choice of words and scenes and tensesIV. Rhetorical Devices:1. rhetorical questions2. repetition3. metaphor4. simile5. elliptical sentencesV. Special Difficulties1. Making sentences more compact by proper subordination, suchas subordinate clauses, appositives, prepositional or verbal phrases.2.

8、Discriminating groups of synonyms:-wail, cry, weep, sob, whimper, moan-glisten, glitter, flash, shimmer, sparkle3. Paraphrasing some sentences4. Identifying figures of speechVI. Questions1. Orwell shows the poverty of the natives in at least five ways. Identify them.2. Could paragraphs 4-7 just as w

9、ell comeafter 8-15 as before Why or why not3. Does this essay give readers a new insight into imperialism4. Comment on Orwell ' s lucid style and fine attentiontosignificant descriptive details.Unit 3: Pub Talk and King ' s Englishby Henry FairlieI. Additional Background Knowledge1. pub/pub-

10、friends2. Dumas/Three Musketeers3. Carlyle4. Charles LambII. Introduction to the Passage1.Type of literature: a piece of exposition2.The thesis3.What makes a good conversation4.Seemingly loose organizationa. title b. transitional paragraph c. digression5. Highly informal languagea. abundance of simp

11、le idiomatic expressions cheeked by jowl with copious literary and historical allusionsb. a mixed metaphor in paragraph 2III. Effective Writing Skills:1. deliberately writing this essay in a conversationalstyle to suit the theme2. making effective use of specific verbsIV. Rhetorical Devices:1. metap

12、hor2. mixed metaphor3. simileV. Special Difficulties1. Idiomatic expressions:- -be on the rocks- -get up on the wrong side of the bed- -be on wings- -turn up one ' s nose a t sth.- -into the shoes of-descendants of convicts-Saxon churls-Norman conquerors-musketeers of Dumasuse of transitional de

13、vices-transitional words and expressions-pronoun reference-repetition of important words4. Paraphrasing some sentencesfigures of speechVI. Questions1. What, according to the author, makes a goodconversation What spoils it2. What is the author ' s attitude of the writer towards“the King ' s E

14、nglish ”3. How does the use of words show class distinction4. What does the writer meanwhen he says, “the King' sEnglish, like the Anglo- French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality ”Unit 4: Inaugural Addressby John F. KennedyI. Additional Background Knowledge1. John F Kennedy2.

15、His assasination3. Inauguration4. Inaugural address5. Cold war period: socialist camp vs. capitalist campII. Introduction to the Passage1. Type of literature: political speech2. Object of a political speech:- -to explain- -to convince- -to persuade3. Well organized and highly rhetorical4. Biblical s

16、tyle/language5. Often-quoted passagesIII. Effective Writing Skills:1. Employing suitable rhetorical devices and words to create the desired emotional impact2. clear order and appropriate tone to the different groups he is addressing3. EmployingBiblical style deliberatelyIV. Rhetorical Devices:1. met

17、aphor2. antithesis3. parallelism4. repetitionV. Special Difficulties1. Biblical language/quotations/stylethe following methods for force, vividness and emotional appeal:-Parallel and balanced structure-Repetition of important words-Antithesissome sentencesfigures of speech1.VI. QuestionsCite example

18、s to show that Kennedy is very particular and careful in his choice and use of words.2. Is the address well organized Comment on the order in whichhe addressed all the different groups of nations and people.3. Is Kennedy ' s argument and persuasion based mainly on factsand logic or on an appeal

19、to emotions Would this type of speech be successful on all occasions4. Is the tone and message suited to the different groups headdresses Give your reasons.Unit 5: Love Is a Fallacyby Max ShulmanI. Additional Background Knowledge1. The meaning of Logical fallacies2. Logical fallacies:- -Dicto Simpli

20、citer- -Hasty Generalization- -Poisoning the Well- -Ad MisericordiamII. Introduction to the Passage1. Type of literature: a piece of narrative writing-protagonist/antagonists -climax-denouement2. The main theme3. Well chosen title and words4. Style-a very fast pace with a racy dialogue full of Ameri

21、can colloquialismand slang-employing a variety of writing techniques to make the story vivid, dramatic and colorfulIII. Effective Writing Skills:learned1. Employing colorful lexical spectrum, from the ultraterms to the infra clipped vulgar forms2. Too much figurative language and ungrammatical inver

22、sion for specific purposes3. The using of short sentences, elliptical sentences and dashes to maintain the speed of narrationIV. Rhetorical Devices:1. metaphor3. antithesis4. transferred epithet5. hyperbole6. metonymy7. litotes8. ellipsis9. synecdoche10. inversion11. simile12. mixed metaphor13. rhet

23、orical questionsV. Special Difficulties1. Analyzing the logical fallacies2. Using inverted sentences to achieve emphasis3. Effectively using many figures of speech4. Understanding colloquial expressions and slang5. Allusions:-Frankenstein-Pygmalion6. Paraphrasing some sentences7. Identifying figures

24、 of speechVI. Questions1. Define and give an example of each of the logical fallacies discussed in this essay.2. Can you find any evidence to support the view that the writer is satirizing a bright but self-satisfied young man3. Commenon the language used by Polly. What effect does her language crea

25、te4. Why does the writer refer to Pygmalion and Frankenstein Are these allusions aptly chosen5. In what sense is the conclusion ironicUnit 6: Disappearing Through the SkylightBy Osborne Bennet Hardison Jr.I. Additional Background Knowledge1. A brief introduction to O. B. Hardison Jr.2. A brief intro

26、duction to his views inCulture and Technologyin the Twentieth Century3. International style4. Features of scientific EnglishII. Introduction to the Passage1. The central theme of “disappearance”-nature disappears-history disappears-solid banks disappears2. The four important ideas put forward-disapp

27、earance- -the universalizing tendency of science and technology- -man as a cosmopolitan- -the playfulness of science3. Clearly and logically organizedIII. The Stylistic Features1. Features of scientific English-technical terms such as thermodynamics, genetics, genetic mutation, etc.-short sentences

28、and present tense used to expressa universalstatement2. Using figurative language freely to make ideas more vivid and forcefulIV. Rhetorical Devices:1. metaphor2. analogies3. repetition5.4. balanced structuresellipsis6. rhetorical questionsV. Special Difficulties1. Some technical terms2. Understandi

29、ng themetaphorical phrase “DisappearingThrough the Skylight ”3. The use of topic sentences4. The use of present tense and universal statements5. Paraphrasing some sentences6. Identifying figures of speechVI. Questions1. How does the writer substantiate his statement that science is committed to the

30、universal2. Why do banks appear to be disappearing through their own skylight3. Sumup the main views of the writer and commenton how they are organized and presented.4. What stylistic features of scientific English are to be found in this piece Cite examples.5. Commenon the use of somefigurative lan

31、guage. Cite examples.Unit 10: The Sad Young Menby Rod W. Horton & Herbert W. EdwardsI. Additional Background Knowledge1. Some terms:-The Sad Young Men- -The Lost Generation- -The Beat Generation- -The Angry Young Men-Greenwich Village2. Some literary figures:-Gertrude Stein-E. Hemingway-F. Scott

32、 FitzgeraldII. Introduction to the Passage1. Type of literature: a piece of expositive writing2. The thesis stated in the last paragraph of the essay3. The structural organization of this essay: clear and simple- -para. 1: introducing the subject- -paras. 2-9: supporting and developing the thesis- -paras. 10-11: bringing the discussion to an endIII. Effective Writing Skills:1. Effective use of topic sentences2.