专题四时态和语态-冲刺2020年中考：语法

1、专题四时态和语态知识点讲解A时态一、一般现在时1、表示经常性或习惯性动作。常与表示频度的时间状语every day, usually, always, often,sometimes, on Sundays, twice a week, once a month, every morning/night/evening/day/week, from time to time等连用。I go to school at 6 every morning.2、表示现在的特征或状态。He is a teacher.Peter writes good Chinese but does not speak

2、well.3、普遍真理。The earth travels around the sun.二、一般过去时1、表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况(包括习惯性的动作或状态)。常与yesterday, last week,in 1989, just now, a moment ago, the other day 等连用。He was here just now.She often came to help us in those days.We often played together when we were children.2、谈到过去的情况时I didn't know you we

3、re so busy.三、一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或情况。与这个时态连用的时间状语常用：tonight, tomorrow, the day aftertomorrow, next week, in three hours, two days later 等。Tom will have a bike of his own next week.一、/»注息：一般将来时态与其它结构表将来情况的区别：Will do :表示临时的决定。You' ve left the light on.Oh. I ' ll go and turn it off.be going to 结

4、构 ：表(主观上)打算或准备做某事时。表有发生某事的预兆时。They are going to have a competition with us in studies.It is going to rain.be about to do sth结构：意为“刚要做某事”、“马上要做某事”强调时间之紧迫性。We are about to discuss this problem.be to do sth结构：表示按计划、安排、规定将实施某事或表示注定会发生某事。All these things are to be answered for .四、过去将来时立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用

5、于宾语从句中。常用的时间状语：the next day(morning , year), the following month(week) , etc。1) “would+动词原形”常表示主观意愿的将来。He said he would come to see me。He told me he would go to Beijing 。2) “was/ were + going to +动词原形”常表示按计划或安排即将发生的事。She said she was going to start off at once。I was told that he was going to return

6、home。3）此结构还可表示根据某种迹象来看，很可能或即将发生的事情。It seemed as if it was going to rain 。4） come, go, leave, arrive ,start等瞬时动词动词可用过去进行时表示过去将来的含义。He said the train was leaving at six the next morning 。She told me she was coming to see me。五、现在进行时1、表示现在或现阶段正在进行的动作。与这种时态连用的时间状语常有：now, these days, recently,this week 等。

7、Listen, someone is crying.What are you doing these days?2、现在进行时表示将来，般为 go , come , leave , fly , move, start, begin , arrive, stay, return 等表示位置转移的动词，表示将要发生的动作时。I'm leaving for Beijing.六、过去进行时表示过去某个时刻或阶段正在进行的动作。与这个时态连用的时间状语常用：at nine o'clock, thistime last night, these days, at that time 等。W

8、hat were you doing this time yesterday?七、现在完成时1、表示到现在为止已发生或完成的动作，其结果的影响现在依然存在。有时与just, already, yet,recently, before, twice, three times 等连用。I have seen the film already.Have you seen my bag?2、表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。常与" since+时间点”，“for+时间 段“，及 how long, （ever） since, ever, before, so far, in

9、the last /past few years, up to now, till now 等连用。She has been a dancer for ten years.They ' ve lived here since 1989.八、过去完成时表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作，表示过去的过去。与这个时态连用的时间状语常有： by 1985, by eight o'clock, by then, by the end of last month, by the time ，when, as soon as, before 等。As soon as we go

10、t to the station, the train had left.By eight o'clock, he had finished his homework.B语态英语中的语态包括主动语态和被动语态，这里重点分析被动语态。一、被动语态的构成1）被动语态由“ be+及物动词过去分词”构成，只有及物动词有被动语态。2） be随着主语的人称、数、时态和语气的不同而变化，Done不变。3） By引出动作发出者，根据情况添加，可以没有，后面直接加时间地点等。Trench was not taught in our school.（否定）The teapot is made of sil

11、ver. （固搭）The homework must be written,（ 有情态动词的情况 ）The environment is being polluted by some factories.Our dorm has not been cleaned.（默认 by now）That car had been repaired three times by the end of last year.（有表？ 过去的时间点 ）、被动语态的各种时态形式常用被动语态构成例句一般现在时am/is/are doneThe room is cleaned everyday.一般过去时was/we

12、re doneThe room was cleaned yesterday.一般将来时will/shall be doneThe room will be cleaned tomorrow.过去将来时should/would be doneHe said that the room would be cleaned by 10:00.现在进行时am/is/are being doneThe room is being cleaned now.过去进行时was/were being doneThe room was being cleaned at 8:00 yesterday.现在完成时hav

13、e/has been doneThe room has been cleaned by now.过去完成时had been doneHe said that the room had been cleaned.、主动表示被动的情况1、系动词，如 feel, look, seem, appear, taste, sound, smell, remain, keep 等用主动形式表示被动意 义；主语通常是事物，且表示该事物本身具有某一固有特征。The material feels very soft.误： The material is felt very soft.2、表示主语的某种属性特征的动

14、词。如： write, read, clean, sell, wash, cook, open, close, lock 等。The cloth washes easily. The book sells well. The pen writes smoothly.3、在表示“需要”的 need, require,及be worth后的动词-ing形式，用主动形式表示被动含义。The floor needs sweeping.That picture is worth looking at.4） 介词in, on, under等+名词构成介词短语表被动意义表示方位的介词与含动作意义的名词合用，

15、含被动之意，其意义相当于该名词相应动词的被动形式，名词前一般不用冠词。常见的有：在控带U中 under control 在讨论中 under discussion在建设中 under construction难以置信 beyond belief 能力之夕卜 beyond one' s reach无法控制 beyond one' s control 促销 on sale 展出 on show/display巩固练习1. I my hometown for a long time. I really miss it!A. leftB. went away from C. have

16、leftD. have been away from62. There are some boys on the playground. They football. They a football match next Saturday.A. play; haveB. are playing; are going to haveC. play; are havingD. are playing; haveC. will haveC. will learnC. has seenD. has beenD. have learnedD. will see3. There a football ga

17、me between Italy and Germany tomorrow morning.A. hasB. is going to be4. I English since I was five years old.A. learnB. learned5. Frank a film if he ' s free next Saturday.A. seeB.saw6. - What does Tom' s uncle do?-He is a teacher. He physics at a school now.A. will teachB. has taughtC. teac

18、hesD. taught7. -1 have finished my homework already, mum.-When you it?A. did; finishedB. did; finishC. have; finishedD. were; finishing8. So far, most of the work by others, it ' s yo ur turn to do the rest of it.A. has finishedB. finishedC. has been finishedD. is finished9. Our English teacher

19、in our school for about 20 years so far.A. worksB. has workedC. workedD. will work10. My life a lot in the last five years.A. have changedB. has changedC. changedD. will change11. -Why haven ' t you asked her to come here?A. had done ; didns h t finiC. did ; wouldn ' t finish-She an importan

20、t experiment when I found her and she it.B. was doing ; hasn ' t finishedD. has done ; hadn ' t finished12. The headmaster as well as all the teachersA . are having a meeting B. have gone to the museum C. is planting trees on the hill13. Sorry, I' m late.the filmYes.It for half an hour.A

21、. Did; begin; has begunB. Did; begin; has been onC. Has; begun; has begunD. Has; begun; has been on14. Hi, guys. Where are you heading now?-Home. We all our money, so we have to walk home now.A. spendB. spentC. have spent15. He in three days.A. coming backB. came backC. will come back16. The acciden

22、t a windy night last year.A. took place inB. took place onC. happened in17. When I got to school, Amy his homework.A. had inventedB. had finishedC. had developed18. -1 saw your sister ride a new bike this morning.-A new bike? She it for about two years.A. boughtB. has boughtC. hadD. are spendingD. i

23、s going to coming backD. happened onD. had rushedD. has had19. - Do you know ifwe to the cinema tomorrow evening ?-I think we ' ll go if it tomorrow evening.A. will go, isn rain tB. go, doesn rainC. will go, doesnrain tD. will go, wonrhirt20. I' m sorry to have kept you waiting long.A.have b

24、een B.have come21. -When this kind of computers?-Last year.A. did; useB. was; used22. So far, the moon by man already.A. is visitedB. will be visitedC.have arrived D.waitedC. is; usedD. are; usedC. has been visited D. was visited-Never mind. I here for only a few minutes.23. 一 Do you have any proble

25、ms if you this job? Well, I' m thinking about the salary.A. offerB. will offerC. are offeredD. will be offered24. It is said that the early European playing cards for entertainment and education.A. were being designed B. have designed C. have been designed D. were designed25. Great changes in China since the People' s Republic of China in 1949.A. have taken place; was foundedB. has taken place; was foundedC. have been taken place; foundedD. took place; founded26. With the help of high technology , more and more new substances in the past years.A. Discovered B. have di