怎样区别一般过去时与现在完成时

1、实用标准文案一般过去时与现在完成时区别专题与练习一、现在完成时1 .现在完成时的构成现在完成时是由助动词have （has）+动词的过去分词构成。助动词说明该谓语是属于现 在时范围。它和主语的人称、数要保持一致。过去分词是主要的谓语动词，说明句子的 意义。2 .现在完成时的用法现在完成时表示过去某时发生的行为对主语目前产生的影响。We are good friends.（现在的情况）I knew him in 1997.（过去的动作）We have known each other since 1997.（现在完成时把过去的动作和现在联系起来并着眼于现在）（1）表示动作发生在过去某个不确定的时

2、间，但对现在留下了某种影响和结果。常被just 、already、yet, twice, ever, never, three time等副词修饰。 如：-Have you had lunch yet?-Yes, I have. I've just had it.I have been to Beijing twice.（2）表示从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在的动作或状态。这个动作可能刚停止， 可能仍然在进行。常带有for和since等表示一段时间的状语。如：He has taught here since 1981 他自1981年就在这儿教书。（可能还要继 续教）I haven&#

3、39;t seen her for four years.我有四年没见至 U她了。提问通常用 how long How long have you lived here?注意：在表示某一行为状态持续多长时间时，根据终止时间的不同，时态使用是不一样的。如：I lived here for a week last summer.去年夏天我在这里住了一周。I have lived here for a week by now.到现在为止，我已经在这里住了一周。I will live here for a week next year.明年我会在这里住一周。3 .现在完成时的时间状语(1)现在完成时属

4、于现在时范围，故不能和过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday,last Sunday,in1990,three years ago 等。但是，在强调动作产生的后果和影响时，可以和 一些表示不确定的时间状语连用。a.用副词already和yet。already 一般用于肯定句中，yet 一般用于否定句和疑 问句中。如： We have already finished our homework.我们已完成作业了。They haven't finished their homework yet.他们还没有完成作业。b.用表示到说话为止的过去时间状语，如so far, up to now

5、, in the past few years等。例如： He has been there three times in the last few days.c.用包括“现在”在内的时间状语，如：now, today, this morning (month, year, term) 等。例如：-Have you met him today? -No, I haven't.How many times have you been there this year?(2)现在完成时可以和带有since或for等表示“一段时间”的状语连用，表示动作或 状态从某一时刻开始，一直持续到现在。如

6、： I haven't seen him for two years. 但 是，像come, arrive, buy等终止性动词不能与表示“一段时间”的状语连用。要用，必须改为“be (在)”等延续性动词来表述。现归纳总结一下由非延续性动词到延续性动 词的转换：arrivefbe herebegin(start) -be ondiefbe deadcome back fbe backleavefbe awayfall ill(sick, asleep) -be 川(sick, asleep)get up fbe upgo out fbe outfinish fbe overput on

7、 fwear 或 be onopen fbe openjoin fbe in 或 be a member of closefbe closedborrow f keepcatch(a cold) ，have(a cold)begin to studyfstudygo to school，be a studentbuy fhaveget to knowfknowcome to work -work 等他参军三年了。他父亲去世二年了。电影已开始十分钟了。我们(开始)学英语已三年了如：He has been in the army for three years.His father has bee

8、n dead for two years.The film has been on for ten minutes.We have studied English for three years.4 .几点注意事项(1)终止性动词现在完成时的否定式， 已变成一种可以延续的状态，因此可以和表 示一段时间的状语连用。如：I haven't left here since 1997.自从1997年以来，我一直没有离开过这儿。(2)如单纯表示一段时间，虽有 since 一词，也不必用完成时。如：It is two years since his father died.=His father

9、has been dead for two years.他父亲去世已有两年了。(3) have been(to)与 have gone( to) 的区别：have been(to)表示“去过某地(现在 已经回来了)”，可用于各人称；have gone(to)表示“去某地了(说话时某人不在当地)”， 常用于第三人称，前者可与once ,never, several times等连用，后者则不能。如：They have been to Beijing twice. 他们去过北京两次。He has gone to Beijing .他去北京了。二、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别现在完成时用来表示之前已

10、发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去，但它的影响现在还存在；而一般过去时表示过去的事实，不表 示和现在的关系。I have just been to London. I went there last month.1 .过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过文档实用标准文案去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。2 .过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时问状语。一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week, ago, in1980, in October, j

11、ust now,具体的时间状语,before, already, recently ,共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, oncelately现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far,ever, never, just, yet, till /until,文档up to now, in past years, always,3.现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn, work, study, know.过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave,

12、start, die, finish, become, getmarried 等。举例:I saw this film yesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。Why did you get up so early?（强调起床的动作已发生过了。）Who hasn't handed in his paper?（强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。She has returned from Paris.她已从巴黎回来了。She returned yesterday.她是昨天回来了。He has been

13、in the League for three years.（在团内的状态可延续He has been a League member for three years.（是团员的状态可持续Hejoined the League three years ago. (三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。）I have finished my homework now.-Will somebody go and get Dr. White?-He's already been sent for.句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如 yesterday, last, week, inI960)时，不

14、能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。(错) Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.(对)Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.三、练习题1. A. 用 already 或 yet1) Have they taken down the old pictures ? No, they haven' t2) Most of us have finished our compositions . 3) He said he hadn ' t visited the exhibi

15、tion. _B.用 since 或 for1) We have learned five lessonsthe beginning of this term.2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital last week.3) I have stayed at my aunt ' s two weeks.C. 用 have gone 或 have been1) Where are the boy students? They to the school factory.2) Is your father in? No, he to Shenzhen.he eve

16、r there beforeYes, he there several times3) He asked me if I to Hangzhou before.I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I _ never _ Jo that city before.2.选择填空1 .Motherme a new coat yesterday. I it on. It fits me well.A. had made have tried B. made have triedD. made - triedC. has made tri

17、ed2 “ He to draw horses already ” . “When he ?” “ Last year ' A. learned has B. learned did C. has learned has D. has learned did 3.Tom up into the tree. Look, he high up there !A. has got is B. has climbed was C. got wasD. climbed is4.you the text yet ? Yes, we it two hours ago.A. Did copy did

18、B. Have - copied haveC. Have copied did D. Did copy -had5 ."Why she angry ? ”“ Because he at her just now .'A. did get shoutedB. has got shoutedC. did get has shouted D. has got has shouted6 .you the film before ? Where you it ?A. Have seen -did seeB. Didsee -did watchC. Have seen have seen

19、D. Did see have seen7 .You me waiting for two hours. I for you since five.A. kept -waitedB. have kept -waitedC. kept have waited D. have kept have waited8 .Where John? To the library. He there for an hour.A.has beenhas gone B. has - gone - has beenC. did gowent D. didbewent9 .the baby still? No, it

20、crying.A. Has - cried has stopped B. Is - crying - stoppedC. Did - cry - stoppedD. Is crying has stopped10. I the way. I here for quite many years.A. knew have lived B. knew - live C. know have lived D. know- live11. you ever America ? Yes, I have.A. Have - gone to B. Have - gone in C. Have- been to

21、 D. Have - been in12. My brother college for over three years.A. has gone to B. has been to C. has been in D. has been at13.He the Army by the end of 1989. He in the army since then.A. joined is B. has joined has beenC. had joined is D. had joined has been14. By the time I back they up ten satellite

22、s.A. came- have sentB. came- had sent C. come- have sent D. had comesent15. Jack over five lessons by seven o ' clock. Then he a rest.A. went - took B. went had taken C. had gone - took D. had gone - had taken16. We out by that time that he a spy for a long time.A. had found - had been B. had fo

23、und was C. found - had been D. found was17. Before the news him, he to know about it.A. reaches has got B. reached had got C. reached got D. had reached - got18. I him a second letter before I from him.A. wrote heard B. wrote had heard C. had written heard D. have written -hear19. People that the so

24、ldiers fighting.A. say - had stopped B. said has stopped C. say - stopped D. said had stopped20. We in a good harvest because we enough rain.A. didn ' t get - had had B. got had had C. had got - had had D. got hadn' t had21. They for five hours when they in New York.A. flew arrivedB. had flown had