考点50短文填空之自由填空-备战2020年中考英语复习考点一遍过

1、考点五十短文填空之自由填空. 考点详解一一把语法知识测试全部放在语篇中进行，旨在考查考生在语篇中综合运用语言知识的能力。它不但要求 考生有扎实的词汇、语法等基础知识和对句型结构的灵活运用能力，而且还要求考生有良好的语感和一定 的阅读理解能力。自由填空是中考短文填空中难度最大的，这种题目因题型的开放性和综合性而备受关注。试题特点是一篇短文挖空 810个单词，且没有任何提示，让考生根据短文内容自由填词，难度较大，主观性较强， 有时可能出现多种答案。二、满分技巧1.解题步骤：(1)快速浏览，了解大意。对于简单把握的空，可以先填出来；(2)上下求索，填出答案。根据上下文及空格前后的逻辑关系，填出正确的

2、词以及正确的形式；(3)通读全文，检查确认。特别要注意，根据文章意思，有些空是否要加入否定前缀。无提示词的空格一般需要填入冠词、代词、介词、连词(并列连词和从属连词)等虚词。(1)名词前面一般用冠词、代词或介词等。(2)如果需要填入代词，就要考虑到是人称代词的主格、宾格或物主代词的变化、指示代词的用法；(3)并列的两个或多个单词，短语，或句子之间设空，一般填入并列连词and, but, or等；(4)两句之间，如果不是并列句，则很可能是主从句，因此需要填入从属连词 (what,which, who, how, when等)。或者是宾语从句，定语从句或者是状语从句的连接词。这种空格需要同学们根据

3、句子结构，分析到底 是什么从句，从而选择合适的从属连词。W。跟踪训练AMany people say that they are working too 1 hours. They don't have free time with their families.They can't take care2 things at home. They don't have time to relax.Work hours are 3 from one country to another. In France, people spend about 1646 hours a

4、 year atwork. In Japanese, however, people work about 2159 hours a year. That means a Japanese worker works 513 more hours a year 4 a French worker. That is about 12 weekends of extra（ 额夕卜的）work!5 do people work so many hours? Some people work extra hours because they want to get more money, but man

5、y companies don 't pay 6 extra work. The people in these companies work extra hours because they think it's their duty. Some people are afraid they will 7 their job if they don't work extrahours.Many people say that their vacations are too short. In France, people get five weeks of paid

6、vacation. In Germany, they get about four weeks. In the United States, two weeks of 8 is the average（ 平均）.Andmany people don't9all of their vacation days. In one survey, in England, fewer than half of workersused all their vacation days. In English, people say, " all work and no play makes

7、Jack a dull boy. " That is true, there are a lot of 10 people in the world.BVisitors to Japan are often excited about the delicious food, but many people are a little nervous 1what to do at restaurants or in a Japanese household. So it's helpful to know basic table 2 before going toJapan.6

8、people use knives, forks, spoons and chopsticks to eat. But chopsticks are the most 4 utensils（用具）.When you are eating dinner with some Japanese friends, don 't directly pass 5 from yourchopsticks to somebody else's chopsticks. It's also important not to 6 chopsticks vertically （ 垂直地）int

9、ofood, especially into a bowl of rice. It 's not 7 to move your chopsticks up and down above dishes or to point at somebody with your chopsticks.It is polite to lift small bowls of rice or soup when you eat. It 8 you from dropping food.In Japan, it is common to slurp（吃时嘴唇发出很响的声音 ）while 9 noodles

10、. People say the noodles taste better 10 they make slurping noises.CWhen I first met my fifth-grade teacher, I was happy. She seemed pretty nice, so I was excited to 1 a whole year with her. Every day the class would do a warm-up and then discuss it. We would also read stories, sing songs and learn

11、about different cultures around the world. I thought I was very lucky to have such a great, kind and caring 2 一When December came around, my teacher suddenly stopped 3 to school. The whole class missed7 . Rumors（谣言）spread around the school about 5 she didn't come to school."She's 6 holi

12、day," some girls explained to each other during lunchtime."She's got really tired of us and decided 7 to teach us anymore, " some boys said. 8 no one knew the truth.For the rest of the school year, I never saw her again. In the middle of the sixth grade, I received a disturbing（令人

13、不安的 ）message. She had died of cancer（癌症）.I 9 very upset. I wish I could visit her in the hospital. Whenever I think about her, I remember all of the happy times we had together. Because of her, I can understand what matters most to me. I never told her how much she meant to me. And now it 's too

14、 10.真题再现A（2019次津市）根据短文内容及首字母提示，填写所缺单词，使短文意思完整.每空限填一词。The villagers in Mhangeni , Africa . faced a very big challenge（挑战）.They didn't have a school for their kids .Then the village elder thought of an （1） i dea . He said that there was an old, abandoned （废弃 的）farmhouse. It could be changed into c

15、lassrooms after cleaning and furnishing （装设备）it. All the villagers were （2） p leased with his suggestion and started the project immediately . The parents repaired the broken walls . Some villagers （3） d ivided the house into three classrooms by using pieces of wood. The others helped make desks and

16、 chairs for the students Still, there was much more work to do. But the rains were coming . They had to （4） s top working for the school as it was now the best time for them to plant .So the children of Mhangeni decided to finish the house by （ 5） t hemsekes . They had to hurry as summer had ended a

17、nd other schools had already opened. They didn't want to delay （耽搁）their studies. Every day they were busy with cutting the grass and clearing the bushes （灌木）.The news about the project （6） s pread and many people knew it . Two teachers who worked for the country's Department of Education ar

18、rived to help out . and two foreign visitors were also touched （感动）by the children's （ 7） a ctions . They donated money for them to buy textbooks and stationery .After 10 days of hard work , the new school was （ 8） r eady . The kids were very happy but a bit worried 一they were behind in their st

19、udies .Besides（除 一 之夕卜）this, they also faced many （9） d ifficulties . There were not enough classrooms to hold all the students. And two or three students had to share one book .However, the children are happy to study in school - (10) e specially in their new school which they helped to build . Tho

20、ugh their school might not be modern , their dream of having a school near their homes has come true 【答案与解析】【文章大意】非洲 Mhangeni的村民面临一个严重的问题.他们村子没有学校，他们一起努力给孩子们 建了一所学校，虽然学校很简陋，但是孩子们还是很开心能在学校学习.1. idea【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：村子里的老者想出来一个主意.i开头的单词，idea意见，想法.符合语境.故答案为： idea.2. pleased【解析】考查形容词；分析语境，此处表示：所有的村民对他

21、的建议很满意，并开始开始了这 个工厂.p开头的单词，pleased满意的，be pleased with对满意.符合语境.故答案为：pleased.3. divided【解析】考查动词；分析语境，此处表示：有一些村民用一些木板把房子分成几个教室.d开头的单词，divide分开，divideinto把分成符合语境.根据语境，需要使用一般过去时，divide的过去式为divided .故答案为：divided .4. stop【解析】考查动词；分析语境，此处表示：他们不得不停止工作，因为现在对他们来说，是最好 的种植的时间.s开头，stop停止，stop doing停止做.符合语境.had to后

22、面接动词原形.故答案为：stop.5. themselves【解析】考查反身代词；分析语境，此处表示：所以， Mhangeni的孩子们决定自己完成这个房子，themsekes他们自己，符合语境.故答案为：themselves.6. spread【解析】考查动词；此处意思为：关于这个项目的消息传播出去，很多人都知道它了.s开头，spread传播，符合语境.根据语境，此处需要用一般过去时，spread的过去式是spread.故答案为：spread.7. actions【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：而且，两个外国游客也被孩子们的行动感动了.a开头的词，action行动，可数名词，此处表示孩子

23、们的行动，用可数名词的复数形式.故答案为：actions.8. ready【解析】考查形容词；分析语境，此处表示：经过10天的努力工作后，新学校已经准备好了.r开头的词，ready准备好的.符合语境.故答案为：ready.9. difficulties【解析】考查名词；分析语境，此处表示：除此之外，他们还面临了很多困难.d开头，difficulty 困难，可数名词，前面有 many,此处需要用名词复数形式.difficulty的复数形式是difficulties .故答案为：difficulties .10. especially【解析】考查副词；分析语境，此处表示：然而，孩子们很开心在学校里

24、学习-尤其是在他们帮助建的新学校里.e开头的词，especially尤其.符合语境.故答案为：especially .B(2019 ?四川省自贡市)将下列单词的适当形式填入空格.每空限填一词，每词只能用一次.continuemakeplacecarefulwhosame stop before good somethingA man named Bill once visited a temple that was still being built . He saw a sculptor (雕亥U家)(1) a sculpture . As he watched the man work o

25、n the sculpture, he noticed that there was a similar sculpture lying nearby.He felt strange and asked the sculptor; "Why are you creating two (2) sculptures? Do you need two to put in different (3)?”"No . " the man said without looking up , "We need only one, but the first one be

26、came damaged(损害)(4)I could finish it , so I' m working on a new one ."Bill picked up the damaged sculpture and examined it (5). But he couldn't find ( 6) wrong with it ."Where is the damage ? " he asked."There is a scratch (戈U痕)on the sculpture's nose " the sculp

27、tor said while ( 7) his work .Bill then asked "Where are you going to place the sculpture ?"The sculptor replied that it would be placed on a platform which is 20 feet in height . " If the sculpture is up that high, (8)is going to notice that there is a scratch on the nose ? " Bi

28、ll asked .The sculptor( 9) his work , looking up at the man and said , " I will know it ."The sculptor chose a high standard of excellence in his work. Even if other people didn't notice it, it mattered to him that his work should be of the (10)quality (质量), This is an attitude we shou

29、ld work hard to have. 【答案与解析】【文章大意】这是一篇选词填空，主要介绍了一个雕刻家对待工作一丝不苟的故事，通过这个故事告 诉我们应该有的工作态度.(1) making 考查动名词，see sb doing看见某人正在做某事， make a sculpture雕亥U,故答案为 making .(2) same考查形容词，根据上文 As he watched the man work on the sculpture , he noticed that there was asimilar sculpture lying nearby .当他观看那个人雕刻时，他注意到旁边

30、放着一个相似的雕像，因此判断 本句的意思是你为什么要雕刻两个相同的雕塑.故答案为same.(3) places考查可数名词复数，different不同的，后跟可数名词复数，结合语境，你为什么雕刻两个相同的雕塑，你需要把它们放在不同的地方吗？故答案为places.(4) before考查时间副词，结合语境，我们只需要一个，但是在我完成第一个之前它已经被损害了.判断是完成之前，故答案为before.(5) carefully 考查副词，结合语境，Bill捡起受损的雕塑并且仔细检查，但是他没发现有什么问题.examine为实意动词，用副词修饰，故答案为carefully .(6) anything考

31、查不定代词，couldn't否定词，结合语境，Bill捡起受损的雕塑并且仔细检查，但是他没发现有什么问题.否定句中不定代词用anything .故答案为anything .(7) continuing考查动名词，while后动词用-ing形式，结合语境，"雕塑的脖子上有一道划痕"雕刻家边说边继续工作.故答案为continuing .(8) who考查疑问代词，结合语境，如果雕塑放那么高的话，谁会注意到它的脖子上有一道划痕.故答案为who.(9) stopped 考查动词，本文谓语动词用过去式，判断时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式，结合语境，雕 刻家停下他的工作，看着那

32、个男人说："我会知道."故答案为stopped.(10) best考查形容词最高级，quality为名词，前用形容词，the后形容词用最高级，结合语境，即使别人没有注意到，他的作品应该保持最好的质量对他来说很重要.故答案为best.C(2019旷东省)请用适当的词完成下面的短文，并把所缺单词填写在答题卡指定的位置上。每个空只能填写一个形式 正确、意义相符的单词。Last winter holiday, I visited a village with only 11 houses. _71_ the village was very small, I spent a who

33、le day in it.The village became popular because 72 Grandpa Huang's hard work. He bought a house there over 30 years 73, but in 2010 the village was to be pulled down. In order to save the old village, Grandpa Huang painted on the walls of _74_ own house and other houses. He painted things that h

34、e liked. In the village, there were many paintings of _75, such as cats and birds. The most popular paintings for visitors were of famous people. One of them was a picture of Andy. He and my _76_ singer. I liked him so much that I asked a visitor to _77_ a photo of that painting and me. On the groun

35、d of the village, Grandpa Huang has painted _78lot of well-known Chinesesayings. From them, Grandpa Huang learned to live a long and happy _79 .1 really had a good time in the village _80_ wished to visit it again.【答案与解析】71. Although/Though此句的前后内容之间存在让步关系，故用表示让步关系的although和though。此句意为 虽然这个村子很小，但我在里面

36、度过了一天的时光。”72. of 短语because of意为 因为，由于“，后接名词(短语)、代词或动名词等。Grandpa Huang's hard work 是名词短语。73. ago结合语境可推知，此处指在30多年前，黄爷爷在那里买了一所房子。ago意为以前，以往”，与一般过去时连用。74. his 结合空格后的 own house and other houses”可推知，此处指黄爷爷他自己的房子，故用 his。75. animals结合空格后的 such as cats and birds",此处指很多动物的画。76. favo(u)rite 结合下句 门iked

37、 him so much that I asked a visitor to. a photo of that painting and me .句推 知，Andy是 我"最喜爱的歌手。77. take 短语take a photo of.意为 给拍照片”。此处指给 我”和那幅画拍一张照片。78. a 短语a lot of意为 很多”。79. life结合上一句可推知，黄爷爷从这些中国谚语中学习去过长寿且幸福的生活。live a long and happylife意为过着长寿且幸福的生活80. and and在此处表示并列，连接两个并列的谓语动词。D(2019 ?国建省)Befor

38、e paper was invented, people wrote or drew on materials such as bamboo, 81 s?lk, animal hide, and wooden blocks. Writing materials were 82 (real) expensive and few people learned to read. Therefore, few people wrote. This all changed, thanks 83 an man named Cai Lun.Paper had already existed (存在)in C

39、hina , but the process for 84 (produce) it was difficult and the paper was of low quality. Cai Lun began experimenting ( 试验)with many different materials and different 85 (method) to turn those materials into paper. In the year 105, he made it from tree bark, bamboo, cloth rags, and fishing nets. Hi

40、s paper was 86 (strong) and cheaper than any paper that had been made before.With Cai Lun ' s papermaking method, Chinese cultu87 g ru? more rapidly over the next severaienturies. That ' s because ideas were much easier to share88 more people learned to read. The use of paper spread abroad,

41、helping 89 '?e? cultures record and spread their ideas. Today, Cai Lun is considered a national hero in China. But 90 whole world should remember the clever Chinese papermaker forever.【答案与解析】【文章大意】主要讲述中国造纸术之父蔡伦以及造纸的过程。81. silk考查音标。根据句意及所给音标拼写规则可知。82. really 考查副词。根据句意可知，书写材料是真的很昂贵，这里修饰 expensive要

42、用副词，real的副 词为 really。83. to考查介词。根据句意，多亏了一个叫做蔡伦的人，thanksto意为“多亏了”，因此填介词to。，但是生产纸的过程还是很困难，并且84. producing考查非谓语动词。根据句意，纸在中国已经存在纸是低质量的。再根据介词后面接动词的ing 形式， for 为介词，因此这里填 producing 。85. methods 考查名词复数。 根据句意可知， 蔡伦是以很多不同的材料和不同的方法开始试验， different 后 面接名词的复数形式， method 复数形式为 methods 。86. stronger 考查形容词比较级， 根据句意可知

43、，他的纸比之前使用的任何纸都来得更牢固和更便宜， 因 此这里填 strong 的比较级 stronger 。87. grew考查音标。根据句意及所给音标的拼写规则可知。88. and 考查并列连词， 根据句意可知， 那是因为想法更容易分享， 并且更多人学会阅读， 因此这里填and。89. other考查音标。根据句意及所给音标的拼写规则可知。90. the 考查冠词。句意为“一整个世界应该永远记住这个聪明的中国造纸者” ， the whole world 表示一整个世界，因此这里填the。E（2019 ?浙江省绍兴市）阅读下面短文，然后根据括号内所给汉语意思写出单词的正确形式（ 每空一词 ）

44、。A group of rubbish collectors in Turkey are recycling the books that people have thrown away. They have （1）（ 已经 ） created a mobile library. There are now over 9, 000 books, which are divided into 20 kinds,including （2）（ 医学的 ） care, politics, literature, history, healthy living and so on. The librar

45、y is inside a（3）（ 卡车 ） that tours schools in the countryside. They hope to create a greater passion（ 热情 ） for readingbooks in children, （4）（ 尤其 ） in the age of mobile phones and computers. Many schools do not have areading room or their （5）（ 自己的 ） library.The library has got lots of attention in Tur

46、key. People from all over Turkey are （6）（ 送） their old booksto the library. A （7）（ 女士 ） working at the mobile library said, "The interest is growing. Each day we haveguests coming here to 58 （8）（ 借） books or have a quiet time to read." The director of the library said, "Wehave books h

47、ere for kids aged from four to （9）（ 十）, and books for older children, like world classics and（10）（ 诗）. We hope that it will develop their love for books."【答案与解析】【文章大意】本文主要介绍土耳其的一群垃圾收集者正在回收人们扔掉的书。他们已经创建了一个移动图书馆。现在有9000 多本书，分为医学护理、政治、文学、历史、健康生活等 20种。服务于农村学校的四岁到十岁的孩子和打孩子的书。 （ 1） already 句意： 他们已经创建

48、了一个移动图书馆。 已经， already， 副词常与现在完成时连用， 故填 already。 （ 2） medical 句意：现在有9000 多本书，分为医学护理、政治、文学、历史、健康生活等20 种。医学的，medical。medical,形容词。根据空格后 care,照顾，护理，名词，要用形容词作定语，故填(3) truck句意：图书馆在一辆卡车内，它在农村学校旅行。卡车， truck,可数名词。根据空格前不定冠词a,要用可数名词单数，故填 truck。(4) especially句意：他们希望能给儿童创造更大的热情去阅读书籍，尤其是在手机和电脑时代。尤其，副词 especially。修

49、饰介词短语做状语，要用副词，故填 especiallyo(5) own句意：许多学校没有阅览室或自己的图书馆。自己的， own,形容词，用在形容词性物主代词之后。 空格后有library,图书馆，名词，要用形容词own,故填own。(6) sending /giving句意：来自土耳其各地的人们把他们的旧书送到图书馆。送， give/send ,动词。空格前有 are,要用现在进行时，be+现在分词，send/give的现在分词 sending/giving ,故填sending/giving 。(7) lady句意：一位在移动图书馆工作的女士说：人们的兴趣在增长。每天我们都有客人来这里借书，

50、或者有安静的时间来读书。”女士，lady,可数名词。根据空格前有不定冠词a,要用单数lady,故填lady。(8) borrow句意：一位在移动图书馆工作的女士说：人们的兴趣在增长。每天我们都有客人来这里借书，或者有安静的时间来读书。借(入)，borrow ,及物动词。空格前有不定式符号to,要用动词原形，故填 borrow。(9) ten句意：我们这里有适合四岁到十岁的孩子的书。十， ten,基数词，根据from four to.,要用基数词 ten,故填 ten。(10) poems句意：还有适合大孩子的书，比如世界名著和诗。诗，poem,可数名词。根据空格前classics and,可知

51、连词and的是并列的名词复数形式poems,故填poems。F(2018 ?内蒙古包头中考)阅读下面短文，根据首字母、音标以及语境的提示在空白处填入适当的单词(1个单词)；或根据汉语意思的提示，在空白处填入适当的短语，使短文语意连贯，意思完整。Kate and Dick were classmates. They56(相处)well with each other and later fell in love. After gettingm 57 , they found it difficult to 584- 谋生).Finally, they decided 59 run a small

52、 restaurant near the railway station. The restaurant often stayedo 60 until after midnight, because people came to drink there while they were 61 ( 等待)trains.At two o 'clock one morning, 62 man was still sitting at a table in the restaurant. He was 63? sli:p. Kate wanted to go to bed. She looked

53、 at the table several times, and each time the man was still there. Then, 64(最终)she went to her h 65 and said to him, "You ve talked to that man three times, and he isn 'tdrinking any more. 66,haven 't you sent him away? After 67- it 's so late.""Oh, no, I don't want t

54、o send him away," a 68 Dick with a smile. "You see, whenever I 69（叫醒）the man, he asks for the bill, and when I bring it to him, he p 70 it. Then he goes back to sleep again."G（2017 重庆 B）Sometimes we are used to drawing a quick conclusion（ 结论）,but is it right or not? My little son gave

55、 me a 1.One day, I took my five-year-old son to go out for a walk after dinner. On the way, we saw an old woman selling fruits. I didn 't take enough money with me. 2 my son liked eating fruit very much, I could buy only two pears and gave them to him.The little boy held the pears in his hands.

56、I asked him if he could share one 3 me. On hearing this, he quickly took a bite（ 咬）from one pear, and the 4.I was quite surprised. I 5 myself what mistakes I had made in educating my son so that he acted in such a greedy（贪婪）way. I was lost in thought. Perhaps I was just . 6 too much. My son was too

57、young toknow about sharing and giving.Suddenly, my son gave me the pear in his right hand and said, " Mom, you have this one. This one is much sweeter."Then I knew why my little son took a bite from 7 pear.From then on, I always tell myself not to reach a conclusion too 8. Try to spend som

58、e more time inunderstanding things better.H（2017 广东）What will happen if a family without the Internet for a month? One American family decides to find out. They have sent invitation to a leading US television station, expecting that it will send a film group to record their day-to -day life 1 techno

59、logy for a month.When the film group meet 2 Smiths, they find that Mr. Smith, Mrs. Smith and their two sons are so crazy about technology that 3 hardly do things together. At mealtimes, no one 4 at the dining table for their food. " Everyone just runs into the kitchen, takes their food and then goes back to their screen, " Mrs. Smith explains. "5 we don't make