2020高中英语语法：介词加关系代词引导的定语从句

1、高中英语语法“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出介词+关系代词”句型。例如：Themanwho/whom/thatyouspoketoisateacher.=Themantowhomyouspokeisateacher.一、基本构成1 .弁词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句中，关系代词只能用 which(指物)或 whom(指人)，即：介词+which/whom。(1)Themantowhomyouspokeisate

2、acher.(2)Thecityinwhichshelivesisfaraway.(3)Thelittlegirlisreadingabook,inwhichtherearemanycartoons.注意：当介词放在关系代词的前面时，用在介词后的关系代词不能省略。2 .在限制性定语从句中，当介词置于定语从句的谓语动词之后时，可用 that/which(指物)；that/who/whom(指人)作介词的宾语.且此处关系代词可以省略，特别是在口语中。如：(1)Theman(who/whom/that)youspoketoisateacher.(2)Thecity(which/that)sheliv

3、esinisfaraway.注：通常介词放在定语从句中动词后，也可以放在关系代词前面，但有些特殊动词短语搭配不能拆分，介词只能放在动词后，如：lookfor,lookafter,payattentionto,takecareof,lookforwardto,listento 等。Thisisthepen(that/which)youarelookingfor.Thepatient(who/whom/that)sheislookingafterisherfather.Thewordsthat/whichweshouldpayattentiontoarewrittenontheblackboard

4、.Therearefiftypatientswho/whom/thatwemusttakegoodcareof.二、关系副词 when,where,why 可用介词+which”来代替。关系副词实际上是介词+先行词。其中when=表时间的介词(如：in,at,during 等)+which;Where=表地点的介词(如：in,at,on,under 等)+which;Why=表原因的介词(如：for)+which(1)当先行词表示时间，定语从句中缺少时间状语时，通常用关系副词 when 引导，此时也可选用表示时间的介词+which 来代替关系副词 when。Istillrememberthed

5、aywhenIcamehere.(ontheday=when=onwhich)(2)当先行词表示地点，定语从句中缺少地点状语时，通常用关系副词 where 引导，此时也可选用表示地点的介词+which 来代替关系副词 where。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedlastyear.(inthehouse=where=inwhich)(3)当先行词为 reason,定语从句中缺少表示原因状语时，通常用关系副词 why 引导，此时也可以用forwhich 来代替关系副词 why。Therearemanyreasonswhypeopleliketraveling.三、关系代词前介词选

6、择三原则：一先，二动，三意义(重中之重)(forthereasons=why=forwhich)1 .一先，即根据定语从句中介词与先行词的搭配关系选择。IneverforgetthedayonwhichIcametothisschool.(ontheday)2 .二动，即根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配关系选择。ThisistheiPadonwhichIspent3000yuan.(spendmoneyonsth.)3 .三意义，即根据定语从句的意义来确定介词。Thisismypairofglasses,withoutwhichIcannotseeclearly.例题：用介词+关系代词”的形

7、式表示1. Doyoulikethebookshelearnedalot?2. Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mosthadntbeencleanedforatleastayear.3. Thetowerpeoplecanhaveagoodviewisonthehill.注意：介词+关系代词1)介词后面的关系代词不能省略。2)that 前不能有介词。3)某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的介词+关系词结构可以同关系副词 when,where 和 why 互换。四、介词+关系代词”前还可有 some,any,none,all,both,neither,

8、many,most,each,few 等代词或者数词。构成：some,any,none,all,both,neither,many,most,each,few+of+whom(人)/which(物)Heloveshisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.他深深地爱着他的父母，他们俩待他都很好。Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.篮子里有好些苹果，有些已经坏了。Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombi

9、gcities.Uptonow,hehaswrittentenstories,threeofwhichareaboutcountrylife.Herearemanybooks,twoofwhichheborrowed.这儿有许多书,他借走了两本。Iboughthimtwopiecesofclothing,neitherofwhichhelikes.我给他买了两件衣服，他一件也不喜欢。练习：()1.Hewaseducatedatalocalgrammarschool,hewentontoCambridge.A.fromwhichB.afterthatC.afterwhichD.fromthis(

10、)2.ShewaseducatedatBeijingUniversity,shewentontohaveheradvancedstudyabroad.A.afterthatB.fromthatC.fromwhichD.afterwhich()3.GuncontrolisasubjectAmericanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich()4.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergywemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhic

11、hC.towhichD.fromwhich()5.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyoflefttheirvillagehomesforabetterlifeinthecity.A.whomB.whichC.themD.whose()6.TheEnglishplaymystudentsactedattheNewYearspartywasagreatsuccess.AforwhichBatwhichCinwhichDonwhich()7.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,the

12、sailingtimewas226days.()8.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenespeoplewereeatenbythetiger.A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that()9.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstructionhadtakenmorethanthreeyears.A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich()10.Theplacetheb

13、ridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbethecross-rivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which;whereB.atwhich;whichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich()11.Ericreceivedtraininginthecomputerforoneyear,hefoundajobinabigcompany.A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis()12.Villagersheredependonthefishingindustry,therewontbemu

14、chwork.A.whereB.thatC.bywhichD.withoutwhich()13.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,wantedtobuyit.A.noneofthemB.bothofthemC.noneofwhomD.neitherofwhom()14.IntheofficeIneverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30pm,manypeoplehavegonehome.A.whosetimeB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhichtime()15.WheneverImether,wasfairl

15、yoften,shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.A.whoB.whichC.whenD.that()16.Shebroughtwithherthreefriends,noneofIhadevermetbefore.A.themB.whoC.whomD.these()17.Manychildren,parentsareawayworkinginbigcities,aretakengoodcareofinthevillage.A.theirB.whoseC.ofthemD.withwhom()18.IwasborninNewOrleans,Louisiana,acitynam

16、ewillcreateapictureofbeautifultreesandgreengrassinourmind.A.WhichB.ofwhichC.that二、根据句子意思，用“介词+关系代词”填空。1.Inthedarkstreet,therewasntasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelp.2.Themanyouaregoingtomakefriendsismyfathersneighbor.3.Theywillvisitthefarmmybrotherworks.4.Nearbyweretwocanoestheyhadcometotheisland.5.WuDong,Iwenttotheconcert,enjoyeditverymuch.D.whoseA. ofwhichB. duringwhichC. fromwhichD. forwhich6.ThestoriesabouttheLongMarch,thisisoneexample,arewellwritten.7.IntheofficeIneverse