一般将来时时态用法讲解

1、实用文档般将来时时态1. 一般将来时的定义一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词tomorrow,soon 或短语 next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime做状语。如：What will you do this afternoon ? 你今天下午干什么?We will have a meeting tomorrow.我们明天要开会。He is going to study abroad (到国外) next year.明年他要出国学习。2. 一般将来时的结构及应用(1) shal

2、l / will + 动词原形。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下要发生的事情，只能用此结构。如：What shall we do if he doesn t come? 如果他不来，我们该怎么办？Will you be free this evening?今天晚上有空吗？I think he will tell us the truth(真相)。 我想他会告诉我们真实情况的。(2) be going to + 动词原形。表示已经计划或安排好了的事情，也可表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。如：We are going to have a meeting to di

3、scuss (讨论) the matter this evening. 今 天晚上开会讨论这件事情。Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon.看一看那边的乌云，我想天要下雨了。There is going to be an English evening this week.本周要举行一个英语晚会。(3) be +现在分词。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。这个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open,

4、 die, join, borrow,buy等。如:Go ahead, and I m coming. 走前面一点吧，我就来。The dog is dying.那条狗要死了。Hurry up. The shop is closing.快点,商店就要关门了。(4) 一般现在时。表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作。比方说，上课、飞机起飞、火车 离站等。如:Don t hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight.不要匆忙，回忆八点过一刻开始。The bus goes back at four thirty.汽车四点返回。巩固练习：一、用所给动词的适

5、当形式填空1. Li Lei tells me he(visit)the Great Wall(长城) thisweekend.2. My mother(buy)me a pair of new trousers tomorrow.3. She says she(leave)soon.4. We(go) skating if it doesn t rain next Sunday.5. There(be)an English evening next week.6. Think over, and you(get)a good idea.7. Jim(have)a picnic next Mo

6、nday?-No, he.8. I(miss)you after you leave here.9. Who(teach)you English next year10. He(be) back in three hours.11. Look at these clouds. It(rain).二、改错：每处划线中有错误，在题后改正1. He will sing and dances for us tomorrow.2. Are you going to swim?Yes, Iwill.3. He will help Jim with his Englishevery day.4. Will

7、her sister sings a song for me tomorrow?5. They willn t plant trees next week.6. Are they going to plays basketball tomorrow?7. Will we go to visit the factory tomorrow?8. Paul will be going to make dumplings for Emma.9. Are the boys going to the Great Wall next month?Yes, theywill.三、句型转换：Jim is goi

8、ng to play footballtomorrow.Mary will clean thewindows next week.否定句：般疑问句:两回答:特殊疑问句:四、选择题()1.-Are you going to our English team? Yes, I am.A. take part inB. joinC. took part in D. joined()2. Xu Xia and her teammates are the USA next week.A. leaving forB. leave forC. leaveD. left()3. There an English

9、 party in our class next week.A. is going to have B. is going to beC. will haveD. Have()4. If it tomorrow, we will go to the park.A. isn t rain B. don t rain C. doesn t rain D. won t rain()5. There a football match next week. Shall we go and watch it?A. will have B. hasC. haveD. will be“Would you mi

10、nd doing ”句型透视mind用作动词时，习惯后接动名词（短语）作宾语，而不接动词不定式，常用于 Would you mind doing ?句型中，具体用法是：1 .Would you mind doing ？”句型常用于表示请求，意思是“请你做你是否介意？、请你做好吗？”，是一种比较客气的表达方式。如：Would you mind turning off the light in the room?请你把房间里的灯关掉好吗？如果要表示“请你不要做你是否介意？、请你不要做好吗？”，只需要在doing前面加上not.如：Would you mind not standing in fro

11、nt of me?请你不要站在我的前面好吗？2 .如果同意，表示不介意时，可用如下用语来表达：Certainly/Of course not./Not at all./No, not at all ; 如果不同意，表示介意时，常用“Sorry/I m sorry.（对不起）及陈述某种理由来表示拒绝或反对。如：Would you mind going to the movies this evening?今晚去看电影好吗？一I m sorry. But I haven t finished my homework yet.对不起，我的作业还没有完成。学习时还要注意：1. Would you mi

12、nd doing ？”句型中的 would也可用do代替，但语气较生硬， 不如用would客气。2. Would you mind doing？”句型中的逻辑主语只能是谈话的对方you.如果想要对方允许自己做某事，可用 Would you mind my doing ？”句型，如：Would you mind my smoking here ?你介意我在这里吸烟吗？巩固练习：一、用下面提供的短语完成句子。1. help me wash my clothesWould you mind ?2. give her a cup of teaWould you mind ?3. help him me

13、nd his carDo you have ?4. walk on the roadWould you mind on the road ?二、选择题()1.Would you mind us in the game?- Not at all.A. joiningB. joinC. join inD. joining in()2.Would you like to climb mountains with me this Sunday?一I d love to. But I play table tennis against Class Three.A. am going B. am goin

14、g toC. amD. going to()3.Would you mind here?一I m sorry about that. I ll go somewhere else.A. no smoking B. not smokingC. no smoke D. not smokehad better 用法详解1. had better的基本用法特点其意为“最好”、“应该”，后接动词原形，与情态动词 should用法相似，其中的 had通常缩略为d：You d better get some sleep .你最好去睡一会儿。We had better go before it rains.我

15、们最好在下雨前就去。2. had better如何构成否定式和疑问式构成否定式时，通常将 not置于had better 之后(而不是had之后)；而构成疑问式 时，则通常将 had(而不是had better)置于主语之前：I d better not disturb him .我最好别去打扰他。What had we better do?我们最好怎么办 ？练习题d better go to see a doctor.()1.-Im afraid you have a cold. YouA. No, I have no time.C. It s very kind of you.B. Tha

16、t s a good idea.D. Im sorry to hear that.实用文档( )2. I m fat. What should I do? You d better eat meat and fruits.A. less; more B. less; lessC. more; lessD. more; more( )3. You had better ask your brother playing computer games. Its bad for him.A. to give upB. not to give up C. to give it up D. not giv

17、e it up( )4. I have a stomachache. What should I do? You drink sweet water and eat sweet food.A. had better not; shouldn t B. should; had betterC. had better; had betterD. shouldn t; should( )5. I have a toothache. You should B. take a restA. drink lots of waterC. see a dentistD. have a good sleep情态

18、动词的基本用法归纳情态动词有can (could), may(might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), need （needed）, ought to 等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后 的动词原形构成谓语。一、 can, could1. 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。Can you lift this heavy box? （体力）Mary can speak three languages. （知识）Can you skate? （技能）2. 表示请求和允许。Can I go now?Yes, you ca

19、n. / No, you can t.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用 could,might 代替，不是过去式，只是语气更 委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。Could I come to see you tomorrow?Yes, you must.Yes, you can. （ No, I m afraid not. ）3. 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。They ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4. 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相

20、信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Can this be true?This can t be done by him.How can this be true?二、 may, might1. 表示请求和允许。might 比 may 语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can t或mustn t ,表示不可以，禁止“。Might/ May I smoke in this room?No, you mustn t.May/Might I take this book out of the room?Yes, you can. （No, you can t / mustn t. ）用

21、May I. ？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I. ？在口语中更常见。2. 用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!3. 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。1 He may /might be very busy now.2 Your mother may /might not know the truth.三、 must, have to1. 表示必须、必要。You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用 mustn t （禁止，不准），而用 needn t, don t hav

22、e to （不必）.Must we hand in our exercise books today?No, you don t have to / you needn t.2. must 是说话人的主观看法，而 have to 则强调客观需要。must 只有一般现在时，haveto 有更多的时态形式。1 ) he play isn t interesting, I really must go now.2 )I had to work when I was your age.3. 表示推测、可能性(只用于肯定的陈述句)1 ) You re Tom s good friend, so you

23、must know what he likes best.2 )Your mother must be waiting for you now.四、 need1.need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to,ought to, should 代替。1 ) You needn t come so early.2 ) Need I finish the work today?Yes, you must. / No, you needn t.2. need 作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。而 need 后面只能接带to 的不定式。He need

24、s to finish his homework today.五、 shall, should1.shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?2.shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。1) ) .You shall fail if you don t work hard.(警告)2) He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)3) He shall be punished.( 威胁 )六、 will, would1. 表示请求、建议等，would 更委婉。W

25、ill / Would you pass me the ball, please?1.1. 表示意志、愿望和决心。1 ) . I will never do that again.2. ) They asked him if he would go abroad.实用文档 No, you 3. would 表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。1 ) . During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.2 ) . The wound would not heal.七、 should1.should 表示“应

26、该”1 ) . I should help her because she is in trouble.2 . 表示推测should , ( 客观推测), must( 主观推测)。1) ) .He must be home by now. ( 断定他已到家)2) He ought to/should be home by now.( 不太肯定)3) This is where the oil must be.(直爽 )4) This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄 )练习题would 表示过去习惯时比used to 正式，( )1. May I

27、ask you some questions, Dr. Wang?A. You re welcome.B. Sure, go ahead.must.C. No, I m busy.D. Yes, you( )2. Must I take part in the activity? No, you. You re too young. You should look after yourself.A. mustn t B. don tC. can t D. don t have to( )3. May I watch TV, Mom? I m afraid you .A. should not

28、B. can tC. must notD. may not( )4. Must we keep the window all the time? No, you don t have to.A. openingB. openedC. to openD. open( )5. Must I take the medicine every day?实用文档A. mustB. mustn tC. needn t()6. My mother is ill. I stay at home to take care of her.A. canB. mayC. have to()7.May I use you

29、r dictionary, Lily?Sure,.A. go ahead B. you can ask Bill C. you can t rightD. can tD. maybeD. that s all反身代词用法归纳一、反身代词的基本形式反身代词是oneself 根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有myself, himself,herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves等形式。二、oneself 与 himself当one指人时，其相应的反身代词通常用oneself,在美国英语中也可用himself

30、 :One should not praise oneself himself.一个人不应该自吹自擂。三、反身代词的句法功能：1 .用作同位语（加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后，或句末：The box itself is not so heavy.箱子本身并不重。Martin himself attended the sick man.马丁 亲自照顾病人。2 .用作宾语（动词或介词的宾语）:Take good care of yourself. 照顾好自己。She could not make herself understood.她不能使别人听懂她的话。The child cried

31、himself to sleep.孩子哭着哭着睡着了。3 .用作表语The poor boy was myself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。The ones who really want it are ourselves.真正想要它的是我们自己。代词列表人称代词人称代词形容词性名词性反身代词主格宾格物主代词物主代词Imemymin emyselfweusouroursourselv esyouy ouyou ryou rsyoursel fyoursel vessheh erherher sherselfhehimhishishimselfitititsitsitselftheythemt

32、heirtheirsthemsel ves主格做主语宾格做宾语放在动词介词后放在名词前/、可单独用替代形代+名词/、可与名词连用by后接反身代词()1. He plays basketball so well! Who taught?-He learnt it by.A. him; him B. himself; himself C. him; himself D. himself; him要求四会的单词名词体育运动team match football tennis baseballskating rowing cycling basketball soccer人物或称谓类person pl

33、ayer musician scientist pilotpoliceman policewoman postman fishermanherograndfather grandmother grandparents物品类basketcuppapergoldrecordbrush ring处所类grass theatre/theater museum factory身体健康类body health toothache headache fevercough stomachache illness medicine heart食品饮料类coffee tea candy fruit sugarto

34、mato+es potato+es salt watermelon sandwichstrawberry beef biscuit meal时间类age century weekend文化信息类information website Internet dictionaryknowledge message passage culture其他shower fact care advice(a piece of advice) newspityarticle smoke risk question habitworldwarintroductionnotesmile peacesouthmiddl

35、etaxi answerlitter voicescorelinephone exampleskillpointchancesuggestionmindsidedreamfuturefriendshipjumppart形容词或副词weak 一strongleast mostpopular unpopularhealthy =fit illfat thindirty cleanusefuluselessdark brighthungry fulldead 一alivecheap expensive=deartrue falsecorrect wrongpossible impossiblequi

36、teexcited /excitingtired/tiringcertainly badly really finally evenfamousmadangrymainsuccessfulenoughterribleseriousstillfunnyactivemodern necessary动词：win cheer row join skate cycledream grow spend jump relaxleave kick pass throw fightenjoy/practice/ finish/ mind +doing sth. advise killinvent become

37、follow hold scorepoint hit hear ring stand feelbreak record suggest lift boil brushlie cry care check worry causesmoke taste force risk build happen 介词against through without off except词组荟萃名词词组table tennis the day after tomorrow day and night ice cream potato chips first aid relay race动词词组cheer.ongr

38、ow upbe good forkeeptalkbe good at=do well in do badly in take part infit leave for fall ill give sb. a handshout at sb.do one s best=try one s best be angry with aboutcome into being stand for have a cold liedown worry about go ahead build sb. up take care of介词词组及其他for example at least in factas.as

39、possible in the future on the other hand instead of all overat first课本中出现的词组或搭配归纳be able to be surebe interested in see sb.do/doing sthjoin the school rowing team doing sththe high jumpmake sb./sth. +adj.sthplay againstthe most popular sportsinto.sb. doas/forjoin sb spend .the long jump turn .allove

40、r the world helphave funstop sb from doing sth. suchexamplehundreds of years the boys 800-meter race lots a lot ofmake friends with sb. win the first place nexttimelook/ get well/bettertake one s advicetake medicinetake/have a bathhave/take a restfeel like doing sth. go up go outfall downnothing ser

41、iousstay uphave a good rest do morning/eye exercises tell/ask sb to do sth.give upshow sb. sth.= show sth. to sb. too重句大本营of =much1. What are you going to do? I m going to play basketball.2. Would you like to come and cheer us on? Sure, I d love to.3. Which sport do you prefer, swimming or rowing? I

42、 prefer rowing.4. Are you going to join the school rowing team? Yes, I am./ No, I m not.5. What s your favorite sport,? Basketball, of course.6. Who s your favorite player? LeBron James.7. What are you going to be when you grow up? 一I m going to be a scientist.8. Why do you like playing soccer? Beca

43、use it makes him strong and it s popular all over the world.9. , could you help me(=give me a hand), please?Sure.10. Will you join us?I d be glad to.11. Would you mind teaching me? Not at all. You can do it!12. Would you mind not putting your bike here?Sorry. I ll put it somewhere else.13. , I am so

44、rry for what I said.( 宾语从句) It s nothing.14. Will you take part in the school sports meet?Of course I will.15. Which sport will you take part in?The boys 800-meter race.16. Hello, is in ?Speaking.17. What shall we take?We ll take our sports clothes and sports shoes.18. Shall I take my camera?-Good idea! It ll be fun19. When shall we meet? Let s make it half past six.20. Where shall we meet?At my house.21. Hello,! You don t look well. What s wrong with you ? =Whaf s the matter with you?=What is the