4岁幼儿论文：假装游戏情境中4岁幼儿心理理论运用的类型与特点研究

1、4岁幼儿论文：假装游戏情境中4岁幼儿心理理论运用的类型与特点研究【中文摘要】儿童心理理论的研究是继皮亚杰的儿童认知发展研究以及元认知研究之后,又一个探讨儿童心理表征和心理理解的崭新视角和范式,被称之为儿童认知发展研究的第三个主要浪潮。20世纪80年代,心理理论概念的提出,引发了众多研究者从哲学、文化人类学、发展心理学、医学以及灵长类学等不同角度展开的大量研究。心理学家普遍认为,当儿童拥有发展良好的心理理论能力,可促进他们社会认知能力的发展,有助于他们现在乃至于将来更好地适应社会生活。目前,关于儿童心理理论的研究,大多集中于心理理论获得的年龄、心理理论的影响因素,以及特殊儿童的心理理论发展状况等

2、实验室条件下的静态研究,而实地考察儿童的心理理论在现实生活中是如何运用的动态研究则十分缺乏。因此,本研究试图在这方面作一点有益的尝试,以弥补先行研究的不足。笔者在前期大量观察、访谈的基础上,采用抽样法,选取了长春市某幼儿园一个班级的12名4岁幼儿为研究对象,根据本研究的,创设了假装游戏情境,通过非参与观察对研究对象心理理论运用的类型和特点进行了具体的描述和分析,研究结果表明:1.4岁幼儿已经具备了较好的心理理论运用能力。2.4岁幼儿心理理论运用的主导类型为推知意图和动机。3.4岁幼儿心理理论运用的主要策略为以材料为中介。4.4岁幼儿心理理论运用表现出四个特点,即推知意图主导性、情境制约性、元交

3、际性和个体差异性。基于本研究的结果与分析,笔者提出了四条富有针对性的教育建议:第一,积极开展假装游戏;第二,适当组织混龄活动;第三,加强亲子间心理感受的交流;第四,正确对待善于“察言观色”的幼儿。【英文摘要】The research about theory of mind is a new point of view and a new paradigm that on mental representation and psychological understand of children after the Piaget on cognitive development of chil

4、dren and metacognitive research.It was known as the third major wave on the children cognitive development. The 1980s,with the introduction of the concept of theory of mind,many researchers carried out a large number of studies from different angles in term of philosophy,cultural anthropology,develo

5、pment psychology,medicine,the studied primates and so on. Psychologists generally believe that children have well-developed theory of mind ability,which can promote their social cognitive ability and help them adapt to the social life in the future.At present, the research on childrens theory of min

6、d mostly concentrated in the age to obtain theory of mind , influence factors and special childrens theory of mind under the condition of static laboratory research.While the dynamic research about how to use the childrens theory of mind in real life is lack. Therefore, this study took a beneficial

7、attempt in this respect, in order to make up for the previous deficiencies.The author took purpose sampling method on the basis of the observation and interviews.Then selected 12 4-year-old children in a class of kindergarten of Changchun City. According to the aim of this study, the author created

8、pretend play situations.Then the study have made a specific description and analysis on the the types and characteristics of the use of theory of mind through non-participant observation. The results of the study showed that:1.4-year-old children have already acquired good ability on the use of theo

9、ry of mind.2. 4-year-old childrens dominant types are infer intention and motive on the use of theory of mind.3. the use of theory of mind of 4-year-old childrens main strategy is material for intermediary.4.the use of theory of mind of 4-year-old children show four characteristics:intention is guid

10、ance, situation conditionality, meta-communicative and individual differences.Based on the results of this study and analysis, the author has put forward four focalized education suggestions: First, developing pretend game actively; Second, organization mixed age activities properly; Third, strength

11、en the psychological feeling communication between parents and children;Fourth, the right attitude towards the children good at“Sense motive”.【关键词】4岁幼儿 假装游戏 心理理论运用 类型 特点【英文关键词】4-year-old children pretend play the use of theory of mind type feature【目录】假装游戏情境中4岁幼儿心理理论运用的类型与特点研究摘要4-5Abstract5一、问题的提出8-1

12、1（一）研究背景8-91.儿童心理学领域日益兴起的生态化的研究取向82.幼儿教育重智力开发轻社会性培养的现实状况8-9（二）研究意义91.理论价值92.现实意义9（三）相关概念界定9-111.假装游戏9-102.心理理论运用103.心理理论运用能力10-11二、研究综述11-23（一）心理理论的相关研究11-19（二）儿童心理理论和假装游戏关系的研究19-21（三）幼儿心理理论运用的研究21-23三、研究设计与研究过程23-30（一）研究的设计23-271.研究方法的确定23-242.研究对象的选取24-27（二）研究的过程27-291.研究情境的创设27-282.研究资料的收集283.研究资料的整理28-29（三）研究的效度和伦理道德29-301.研究的效度292.研究的伦理道德29-30四、研究结果与分析30-63（一）假装游戏情境中4 岁幼儿心理理论运用的类型30-581.意图的推知30-402.愿望的觉察40-453.情绪的理解45-474.策略的使用47-58（二）假装游戏情境中4 岁幼