word formation exercise习题

1、WORD STUDY: Stem and AffixesUsing context clues is one way to discover the meaning of an unfamiliar word. Another way is word analysis that is, looking at the meanings of parts of words. Many English words have been formed by combing parts of older English, Greek, and Latin words. If you know the me

2、anings of some of these word parts, you can often guess the meaning of an unfamiliar English word. For example, report is formed from re, which means back, and port which means carry. Scientist is derived from sci, which means know, and ist, which means one who. Port and sci are called affixes, that

3、 is, word parts which are attached to stems. Affixes like re, which are attached to the beginning of stems are called prefixes. Affixes attached to the end, like list, are called suffixes. Generally, prefixes change the meaning of a word and suffixes change its part of speech. Here is an example: St

4、em pay (verb) honest(adjective) Prefix repay (verb) dishonest(adjective) Suffix repayment (noun) dishonestly(adverb) Word analysis is not always enough to give you the precise definition of a word you encounter in a reading passage, but often it will help you to understand the general meaning of the

5、 word so that you can continue reading without stopping to use a dictionary. Below is a list of some commonly occurring stems and affixes. Study their meanings. Your teacher may ask you to give examples of words you know which are derived from these stems and affixes. Then do the exercises which fol

6、low. Some questions require the use of a dictionary.Prefix:com-, con-, col-, cor-, co- together, with in-, im- in, into, on in-, im-, il-, ir- not micro- small pre- before re-, retro- backward, back, behindStems: -audi-, -audit- hear -chron- time -dic-, -dict- say, speak -graph-, -gram- write, writi

7、ng -log-, -ology- speech, word, study -metr-, -meter- measure -phon- sound -scop- see, look at -scope- instrument for seeing or -scrib-, -script- observing -spect- write, look atExercise 2Following is a list of words containing some of the stems and affixes introduced in this unit. Definitions of th

8、ese words appear on the right. These words are probably unfamiliar to you. It is not the purpose of this exercise to teach you the definition of all these words. Instead, the exercise is designed to serve as a review of the stems and affixes defined in this section and as a way for you to practice u

9、sing the technique of words analysis to guess the meanings of familiar words.Put the letter of the appropriate definition next to each word.1._microscope a. the science of hearing2._auditionb. an instrument used to make small objects large enough to see and study3._phonoscope c. the act or sense of

10、hearing4._audiometer d. an instrument which tests the quality of strings for musical instruments5._audiologye. an instrument for measuring hearingStop. Check your answers before going on to the next part.6._gramophone a. an instrument for doing extremely small writing7._chronometer b. an instrument

11、used to make small distances8._micrometerc. the science of dating events accurately and arranging them in order of occurrence9._micrograph d. phonograph; an instrument that records or produces sound10_chronologye. an instrument for meaning time very accurately11._chronoscope a. the sign or symbol re

12、presenting a sound or word12._phonogram b. an instrument to measure small periods of time13._microphone c. the study of speech sounds14._phonology d. the study of unimportant matters15_micrology e. an instrument used to make weak sounds louder16._audiphone a. a graph showing the percentage of hearin

13、g loss in a particular ear17._chronic b. a historian18._audiogramc. long-lasting; constant; habitual19._phonometer d. a device to help the partially-deaf hear20._chronicler e. an instrument used to measure the intensity and vibration frequency of soundKey:1-5 bcdea 6-10 debac11-15 baecd 16-20 dcaebW

14、ORD STUDY: Stem and AffixesBelow is a list of some commonly occurring stems and affixes. Study their meanings, and then do the exercises that follow. Your teacher may ask you to give examples of words you know which are derived from these stems and affixes.Prefixes: ante- beforecircum- around contra

15、-, anti- against inter- between intro-, intra- within post- aftersub-, suc-, suf-, sug-, sup-, sus- under super- above, over trans- acrossStems:-ced- go, move, yield-duc- lead-flect- bend -mit-,-miss- send-port- carry -sequ-, -secut- follow-spir- breathe-tele- far -vene-, -vent- come -voc-, -vok- ca

16、llSuffixes:-able-, -ible-, -ble capable of, fit for-ous, -ious, -ose full of, of the nature of Exercise 1In each item, select the best definition of the italicized word or phrase or answer the question.1. The first thing Jim did when he got off the train was look for a porter. A. man who sells ticke

17、ts B. taxi cabC. man who carries luggageD. door to the luggage room2. No matter what Fred said, Noam contradicted him. a. said the oppositeb. yelled at himc. laughed at himd. didnt listen to him3. The doctor is a specialist in the human respiratory system. She knows most about_ a. bonesb. nervesc. l

18、ungsd. the stomach4. He circumvented the problem.a. describedb. solvedc. went around, avoidedd. wrote down, copied5. Which is a postscript?Dear J Ddffggggggghhhhhhhhhhhhhhhgggggggggggggggggjhjrsincerely YP.S.a.fdttytyteeefttt Mr John Smith Jhfhhfdjjkskskkskksssjjkjkkkkkkjjkkkkkb.c.d.6. Use what you

19、know about stems and affixes to explain how the following words were derived:telephone_telegram_television_7. When would a photographer use a telephoto lens for his camera?_8.use word analysis to explain what support means_9. What is the difference between interstate commerce and intrastate commerce

20、?_10. Use word analysis to explain what supersonic speed is._11. At one time, many European towns depended on the system of aqueducts built by the Romans for their water supply. What is an aqueduct?_12. If a person has a receding hairline, what does he look like?_Exercise 2Following is a list of wor

21、ds containing some of the stems and affixes introduced in this unit and the previous one. Definitions of these words appear on the right. Put the letter of the appropriate definition next to each word.1. _anteroom a. capable of being carried easily2. _portage b. the carrying of boats or goods overla

22、nd from one body of water to another3. _portable c. able to bend with out breaking; not stiff4. _antecedent d. something which happened or existed before another thing5. _flexible e. a room forming an entrance to another one6._superscript a. to bend or turn to one side something which was following

23、a straight path7._transport b. a letter or symbol written immediately above and to the side of another symbol8._transmit c. an administrative officer; a boss9._supervisor d. to carry from one place to another, especially over a distance10._deflect e. to send from one person or place to another11._vo

24、ciferous a. to call back; to cancel12._revoke b. to come together as a group13._vocation c. characterized by a noisy outcry or shouting14._convene d. instrument for measuring the distance of an object far from an observer15._telemeter e. the career one believes himself called to; ones occupation or

25、profession16._circumscribe a. the observation or examination of ones own thought processes17._subsequent b. to come between points of time or events18._introspection c. to draw a line around19._intervene d. following in time, order, or place 20._conquence e. a logical result or conclusion; the relat

26、ion of effect to causeKey:1. C 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. C1-5 ebadc 6-10 bdeca 11-15 caebd 16-20 cdabeExercise 1 In each item, select the best definition of the italicized word phrase1. The small country was ruled by a monarch for 500 years.a. king or queenb. single familyc. group of the oldest citizensd. g

27、roup of the richest citizens2. He was interested in anthropology.a. the study of apesb. the study of insectsc. the study of royaltyd. the study of man3. Some citizens say the election of William Blazer will lead to anarchy.a. a strong central governmentb. a government controlled by one manc. the abs

28、ence of a controlling governmentd. an old-fashioned, out-dated government4. If a man is a bigamist, he a. is married to two womenb. is divorcedc. has two childrend. will never marry5. Which of the following pairs of words are homonyms?a. good badb. Paul Peterc. lie died. two too6. Which of the follo

29、wing pairs of words are antonyms?a. sea seeb. read readc. wet dryd. Jim Susan7. The reviewer criticized the poets amorphous style.a. unimaginativeb. unusualc. stiff, too orderedd. laking in organization and form8. Dan says he is an atheist.a. one who believes in one godb. one who believes there is n

30、o godc. one who believes in many godsd. one who is not sure if there is a god9. There was a great antipathy between the brothers.a. loveb. dislikec. differenced. resemblanceExercise 2Following is a list of words containing some of the stems and affixes introduced in this unit and previous ones. Defi

31、nitions of these words appear on the right. Put the letter of the appropriate definitions next to each word1._manual a. the practice or condition of having many or several marriage partners2._manicure b. professional care of the hands and fingernails3._polygamy c. one who performs good deed4._benedi

32、ction d. the act of saying a blessing5._benefactor e. the practice or condition of having one marriage partner6._monogamy f. of or pertaining to the hands; done by the hand or hands7._anthropomorphous a. having or resembling the human form8._heteromorphic b. occurring at the same time9._anthropometr

33、y c. of, having, or pertaining to more than one color10._misnomer d. the measurement of the size and proportions of human body11._heterochromatic e. dissimilar in shape, structure, or magnitude12._synchronous f. a wrongly applied name or designation ; an error in naming a person or thing13._monochro

34、matic a. the belief that there is only one god14._polychrome b. pertaining to one color or one wave length only15._monotheism c. the belief in more than one god16._polytheism d. the science or study of divine things or religious17._anonymous e. being of many or various colors18._theology f. giving n

35、o name; of unknown authorship19._archenemy a. agreement in feeling between persons20._archetype b. a chief opponent21._sympathy c. the original model or form after which a thing is made22._pathetic d. resembling man23._anthropoid e. causing pity; affecting the feelings24._synonym f. a word having th

36、e same, or nearly the same meaning as another in the languageWORD STUDY: Stem and AffixesBelow is a list of some commonly occurring stems and affixes. Study their meanings, and then do the exercises that follow. Your teacher may ask you to give examples of words you know which are derived from these

37、 stems and affixes.Prefixes: multi- many peri- around semi- half tri- three ultra- beyond, excessive, extreme uni- oneStems:-aster-, -astro-, -stellar- star -auto- self -bio- life -cycle- circle -mega- great -mort- death -Phil- love -polis- city -psych- mind -soph- wiseSuffixes: -ist one whoExercise

38、 1In each item, select the best definition of the italicized word or phrase or answer the question.1. To apply to some universities, you must fill out the application form and include a short autobiography.a. sample of your writingb. account of your life written by youc. list of course you have to t

39、akend. list of schools you have attended2. the policeman used a megaphone.a. a portable radiob. a long stickc. an instrument to make his voice louderd. a telephone in his car3. Dr. Swanson has written articles about interstellar travel.a. underwaterb. long-distancec. high-speedd. outer-space4. Janet

40、 is interested in autographs of famous people.a. picturesb. personalitiesc. familiesd. signatures5. An asterisk is a written symbol which looks likea. ./.b. .*.c. .%.d. .6. The government is financing a study of the effects on man of living in a megalopolis.a. an apartment in a large buildingb. an e

41、xtremely large cityc. a dangerous part of cityd. a city with a large police force7. Children learning to ride bicycles probably already know how to ride a _a. unicycleb. megacyclec. tricycled. motorcycle8. What is the perimeter of this rectangle? 5a. 14 b. 4 3 c. 2d. 5 4 9Nautical means pertaining t

42、o seamen, ships, or navigation. Explain how the word astronaut is formed._10. Why are the clothes that nurses, policemen, and soldiers wear called uniforms?_10. People who study population often speak of the would mortality rate. What is the opposite of mortality rate?_WORD STUDY: Stem and AffixesBe

43、low is a list of some commonly occurring stems and affixes. Study their meanings, and then do the exercises that follow. Your teacher may ask you to give examples of words you know which are derived from these stems and affixes.Prefixes: by- aside or apart from the common, secondary de- down from, a

44、way dia- through, across epi- upon, over, outer hyper- above, beyond hypo- under, beneath, downStems: -capit- head -corp- body -derm- skin -geo- earth -hydr-, -hydro- water, liquid -lith- stone -ortho- straight, correct -pod-, -ped- foot -therm-,-thermo- heat -ver- trueSuffixes: -ate to make -fy to make -ize to makeExercise1Read each of the following sentences carefully, and write a definition, synonym, or description of the italicized word or words. Your teacher may want you to do this exercise orally or in writing.1. Mr. Adams is employed at a hydroelectric plant._2. Before Cindy gets