状语从句(原因,目的,时间,地点)

1、状语从句本质 用不同的连接词将主句与一个或几个分句连接起来，以表达主句与分句之间的逻辑关系。连接词主句分句逻辑关系时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较、方式时间状语从句用来说明主句动作与从句动作发生时间上的先后关系类型常用连接词特殊连接词重点间语句 时状从when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as名词：the moment, the instant, the minute, the day, next time, everytime副词：instantly, immediately, directly连

2、词：no sooner than, Hardly , when, scarcely, when主句从句的时态拾 配，延续性动词与非延 续性动词的区别1. when引导的时间状语从句可以理解为"当”的时候”辨析The performer will already have played the music when we get there.The performer will be playing the music when we get there.是否可以用while来替换？It is challenging for a company to remain internatio

3、nally competitive while the global economics are receding.when, while, as用法的区别when相当于at that time ,引导的状语从句中谓语动词可以是延续性的也可以是非延续性的 while, as相当于during that time,引导的状语从句中谓语动词通常是延续性的 随着英特网变得日益商业化，网络的使用对商人们非常有利。As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to unive

4、rsalize access.公司很难在经济衰退的环境下保持自身的国际竞争力。It is challenging that commercial organizations remain globally competitive, while the economics is receding.2. before, after引导的时间状语从句before可理解为在”之前，after可理解为在”之后 主从句时态可明显体现动作的先后顺序We should do everything for what we want before it is getting too late.He had nev

5、er gambled before the casino sent him a coupon for 20 dollars worth of gambling.3. since, until引导的时间状语从句用since弓I导先发生主句中的动作从句中的动作先发生并且一直持用until引导后发生且非延续(1) since从句中的非延续性动词可以表示一个时间点。I have worked in this company since I graduated.He has written to me since I fell ill.而由since引导的状语从句中如果出现延续性动词的一般过去式，表示该

6、状态结束的时间点I have worked in this company since I was a student.He has written to me since I was ill辨析He hasn ' t contacted me since I worked in that company.He hasn ' t contacted me since I have worked in that comply.since引导定语从句中谓语动词是延续性的，那么一般过去时表示动作结束的时间点，完成 时表示动作开始的时间点。(2) until状态+until+时间点状态

7、可以用延续动词表示，非延续动词的否定形式表示。He had to stay abroad until the World War II came to the end.He couldn ' return his homeland until the World War II came to the end. notuntil结构常用的否定词还包括 never, hardly, scarcely, rarelynot until 正常结构Ice cream did not reach America until about the middle of the eighteenth ce

8、ntury. until置于句首Until about the middle of the eighteenth century, ice cream did not reach America.notuntil置于句首(倒装)Not until the 1982 Convention was adopted, could the argument be made that there existed adequate and comprehensive maritime treaty law as such for the larger part of the world community

9、.4. 表示“一,就,”的结构(1)引导词as soon as, immediately, the moment, the minute从句动作先于主句动作no sooner than., hardlywhen,scarcelywhen主句动作先于从句动作It began to rain as soon as I arrived home.No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.5. 其他短语引导的时间状语从句介词短语 at the time, during the time, by the time其中by the time常与过

10、去完成时与将来完成时连用He had already left by the time they arrived.He will already left by the time they arrive.名词短语 next time, every time, the day, for the first timeIn the classic children' s tale, the puppet Pinocchio' s nose grows longer every time he tells alie.The first time I can actually remem

11、ber hearing it in public anyway, was when Prince Charles was leaving Australia by boat.二地点状语从句1 弓丨导词 where, wherever, anywhere, everywhereWhere they occur, work songs often exhibit the song culture of a people in a fundamental form.Everywhere they appeared, there were ovations.2 wherever引导地点状语从句表达一种

12、强调的语气，要与让步状语从句进行语义上的区分Wherever your school is located, you will be met by the Foreign Affairs Officer at the final point of the journey.Where there is a will, there is a way.A driver should slow down where there are schools.People prefer to work where they can fully display their talents.三原因状语从句广 连词

13、 because, for, as, since< 介词 because of, due to, owing to表原因可以表示原因，但不能做从句连接词< 其他 in thatsee ing (that), now (that),con sideri ng(that), given (that)not that butthat in asmuch as, in somuch as, in as much as1 because, for, as, since(1) because语气最强，只有because才能回答 why的提问，只有because才能用only, just, pe

14、rhaps 修饰Perhaps because most of today' s cross-cultural marriages occur because of “ true love” , these couples work hard to overcome their difference.because的否定转移主句是否定的情况下，because引导的从句可能是按正常情况理解即否定主句谓语， 也可能是按否定转移来理解(否定从句)，具体如何理解要结合上下问进行语义分析。He doesn' t exercise because he likes to.A. He lik

15、es to exercise by himself.B. He exercises for reasons other than enjoyment.C. He ' s glad he doesn ' t have to exercise.D. He doesn ' t have enough time to exercise.In 1600 the earth was not the center of the universe because the majority then supposed it was; nor because she had more re

16、aders was Ella Wheeler Wilcox a better poet than Father Hopkins.(2) as, since, for语气较弱，常用来表示众所周知显而易见的原因。其中for不能用于句首。As Monday is a national holiday, all government offices will be closed.It rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.Since you are an English major, I guess you can help me

17、with this sentence.since常译成 既然”，放在句首，for则不用于句首。2 because of, due to, owing to引导的表示原因的短语介词短语后面只能接名词或名词性短语，不能引导从句 其中owing to常置于句首，due to则不能置于句首We had an accident because he was careless.We had an accident due to his careless.Owing to his careless we had an accident.because of依然遵循否定转移的规律The conference

18、'purpose is to demonstrate that we' reall continuing to focus on the economy as the president promised to do when he came into office and that means not sitting around and patting yourself on the back because of the unemployment and inflation rates being low.It has long since been satisfacto

19、rily established that a high executive does not have a large vocabulary merely because of the opportunities of his position.3复合连词表示原因 in that引导的从句放在主句后，而起主句通常在做比较English has an advantage over most of the other languages in that it has become, so to speak, an international language.E-mail is differen

20、t from the traditional mail in that it sends and receives mails in a second. Mercury differs from other industrial metals in that it is a liquid.seeing (that), now (that), considering (that), given (that)用法与意义都与since相似，都有“鉴于某个事实”的含义They did the job very well, considering that they had no experience.

21、 Given that they are inexperienced, they' ve done a good job.not that but that不是因为，而是因为，I haven ' t finished the report yet, not that I ' m lazy, but that I have no time.inasmuch as, insomuch as, in as much as, in so much as表示原因，常用于极为正式的场合 Inasmuch as the two government leaders could not

22、 reach an agreement, the possibilities for peace are still remote.四目的状语从句常用的连词 so that, in order that, that其他连词 lest, for fear that, in case in the hope that, on purpose that,1在so that, in ordfotthlP引导的目的状语从句中常常含有情态动词，如may/might, can/could, shouldFormer Colorado governor Richard Lamm has been quoted

23、 as saying that the old and infirm “ havea duty to die and get out of the way” so that younger, healthier people can realize their potential.They carved the words on the stone so that/ in order that the future generation should remember what they had done.We climbed high （so） that we might get a better view.目的状语从句一般位于主句后，但若要强调目的，也可提前。2. lest （以防），for fear th