CMMIL3项目经理访谈问题及答案

1、1. Would you please describe the inputs you consider to support your Project Planning estimation? 请你描述一下支持项目计划估算的输入有哪些。 Listen Fors: · Project requirements including: - Product requirements - Requirements imposed by the organization - Requirements imposed by the customer - Other requirements th

2、at impact the project · Scope of the project · Identified tasks and work products · Technical approach · Size and complexity of the work products and tasks · Selected product life-cycle model · Models or historical data for converting the attributes into labor hours and

3、 costs · Methodology used to determine needed materials, skills, labor hours and cost 项目要求包括：-产品要求-组织需求-要求的客户-影响项目的其它需求项目范围确定的任务和工作产品技术方法规模和复杂性的工作产品和任务选定的产品生命周期模型模型或历史数据属性转换成工时和成本方法来确定所需的材料，技能，劳动时间和成本2. Would you please describe the contents of your Work Breakdown Structure that you develop to

4、identify and organize (“work packages”) 请你描述一下WBS分解的内容（工作包）。 Typical Contents of a WBS Scope of the work based on the requirements - technical goals and objectives - identification of customers and end users - imposed standards - cost and schedule constraints and goals - dependencies between the pro

5、ject and other organizations - resource constraints - other constraints for development or maintenance Identified risks Breakdown of activities: - Development activities - Activities to acquire required skills and knowledge - Activities for integration and life-cycle management of non-developmental

6、items - Supporting activities and associated plans Configuration Management, Quality Assurance, Testing Supplier Management, Project Management Work products: - Deliverables - Non-deliverable work products - Work products that will be externally acquired - Work products that will be reused - Non-dev

7、elopmental work products that will be integrated - Work products that will be placed under configuration management control · Required knowledge and skills 典型的内容，工作分解结构工作范围要求的基础上，技术的目的和目标识别客户和最终用户征收标准成本和进度的限制和目标之间的依赖项目和其他组织资源的限制-限制发展或维持确定风险击穿的活动：发展活动，活动获得所需的技能和知识活动的整合和生命周期管理的非项目支持活动和相关计划配置管理，质量

8、保证，测试供应商管理，项目管理工作产品：-交付-无本金交割工作产品，将工作产品从外部获得-将会重用的工作产品-非工作产品将被整合工作产品，纳入配置管理控制·所需的知识和技能3. Would you please describe how you estimate size and complexity of your products and product components? 请你描述一下如何估算规模、产品复杂性以及产品组件。 Listen Fors: · Software Engineering Size and complexity · Examples

9、: - Function Points - Lines of code - Number of classes and objects - Number of pages of documentation - Number of requirements · Systems Engineering - Size and complexity · Examples: - Number of functions - Number of inputs and outputs - Data volume - Number and frequency of user interact

10、ions - Number of interfaces · Hardware Engineering Size and Complexity · Examples - Number of logic gates for integrated circuit design - Number of parts (e.g., printed circuit boards, components, mechanical parts - Physical constraints (e.g., weight and volume) · Other Considerations

11、: - Labor, machinery, materials, methods · Methods for determining size and complexity should be based on validated models or historical data 软件工程规模和复杂性例子：功能点-行代码-类和对象数-多页文件数量要求系统工程的规模和复杂性例子：-多功能-输入和输出数数据量数量和频率的用户交互数字接口硬件工程规模和复杂性例子数字逻辑集成电路设计的大门-零件数量（例如，印刷电路板，元器件，机械零部件-物理因素（例如，重量和体积）其他考虑：劳动，机器，材

12、料，方法方法确定的规模和复杂性，应根据验证的模型或历史数据4. Would you please describe the project/product lifecycle followed on your project? 请你描述一下你的项目/产品生命周期。 Listen Fors: · Software Engineering - Examples - Waterfall - Overlapping Waterfall - Spiral - V-Model - Incremental - Evolutionary · Systems Engineering Exam

13、ple SE LC Phases - Concept exploration - Development - Production - Operations - Disposal · Do you use subphase descriptions? - Requirements Analysis - Design - Fabrication - Integration - Verification · Do you utilize intermediate phases for activities such as: - Creation of prototypes -

14、Increments of capability - Spiral model cycles or Rapid Application Development cycles - Simulation - Emulation - Comparison 软件工程实例瀑布重叠瀑布-螺旋- V模型增量-进化系统工程例硒液晶相-概念的探索-发展-生产-业务-处理你使用亚描述？-需求分析设计-制造-集成-核查你利用中间阶段活动等：-建立原型-增加能力螺旋模型周期或快速应用程序开发周期模拟-仿真-比较5. Would you please describe how the estimates of effo

15、rt and cost are determined on your project? 请你描述一下如何进行项目的工作量估算和成本估算。 Listen Fors: · Is it based on the estimated size and complexity? · Based on historical data from previously executed projects and/or Models for converting the attributes into labor hours and costs? · Uses appropriate

16、 “scaling” data to account for differing sizes and complexity? · Has the estimation rationale been documented? · Has the necessary supporting infrastructure needs been included when estimating cost and schedule? - Critical computer resources - Memory, disk, and network capacity - Communica

17、tions channel capacity - Software Test computers and peripherals - Product integration environments - VER and VAL test environments · Do inputs for effort and cost estimation include items such as : - Risks - Critical competencies and roles needed to perform the work - Product and product compo

18、nent requirements - Work breakdown structure - Costs of externally acquired work products - Knowledge and skills training, mentoring, and coaching needs - Selected life-cycle - Capability of tools in the engineering environment - Engineering facilities needed - Travel required - Level of security re

19、quired - Capability of manufacturing processes 它是根据估计的规模和复杂性？根据历史数据从先前执行的项目和/或模型属性转换成工时和成本？使用适当的“尺度”的数据考虑到不同规模和复杂性？已估计理由记录在案？拥有必要的配套基础设施的需求包括在估算成本和进度？关键计算机资源内存，硬盘，网络容量通信的信道容量软件测试计算机及外围设备产品集成环境-查看和测试环境做投入精力和成本估算的项目包括如：-风险-关键的能力和作用，需要执行的工作产品和产品组件需求工作分解结构成本外部需要的工作产品知识和技能培训，辅导，辅导需要-选定的生命周期性能工具在工程环境-所需工程

20、设施旅行需要-安全等级要求制造过程能力6. Would you please describe how the projects budget and schedule are established and maintained? 请你描述一下如何建立并维护项目预算和项目进度。 Listen Fors: · Based on the size and complexity estimation基于规模和复杂度估计 · Are major milestones of appropriate separation identified?主要的里程碑识别出了吗？ ·

21、Are all task dependencies identified and documented? (Critical Path Method (CPM) Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) · Historical data used to verify the schedule?历史数据用到进程里 · Are criteria established for determining what constitutes a “significant deviation” from the project pla

22、n? (Subpractice 6)重大偏差的标准是什么？7. Would you please describe how risks are identified or discovered to support project planning 请你描述一下为了支持项目计划，你如何识别或发现风险。 Listen Fors: · Are risks analyzed to determine the probability of occurrence, impact, and time-frame in which they are likely to occur? ·

23、Are the risks prioritized? · Are risks revised as appropriate throughout the project lifecycle? 风险发生的概率分析确定，影响，和时限，在有可能发生吗？ 是风险优先？ 风险酌情修订的整个项目生命周期？8. What data is identified to be managed and controlled by the project and for the project? Would you please describe the projects plan to manage al

24、l necessary project data? Who controls the data and makes it understandable for the project? 项目中识别出哪些数据来管理和控制项目？请你描述一下用来管理所有项目数据的项计划。谁控制这些数据，并让项目数据让大家理解。 Listen Fors: Data · Recorded information, regardless of the form or method of recording, including: - Administration - Engineering - Configur

25、ation management - Financial information - Management information - Logistics - Quality - Safety - Manufacturing - Procurement - Technical data, Computer software documents - Representation of facts - Numbers or datum of any nature that can be communicated, stored, and processed · Is the reason

26、 for collecting each type of data clear to the members of the project team? · What are the requirements and procedures to ensure privacy and security of the data? · Data may include many different forms: - Reports - Manuals - Engineering notebooks - Charts - Drawings - Specifications - Cor

27、respondence - Emails - Minutes of Meetings (MOMs) - Security requirements 数据记录的信息，无论形式或记录的方法，包括：-管理-工程配置管理财务信息管理信息物流-质量-安全-制造业-采购技术数据，计算机软件文档代表事实-或任何性质的数据可传送，存储，处理的原因是收集各种数据类型明确的项目团队成员？有什么要求和程序，确保数据的隐私和安全的？数据可能包括许多不同的形式：-报告-手册工程笔记本-排行榜图纸-规格-通信-电子邮件-会议纪要（妈妈）-安全要求9. Would you please describe how your

28、projects resources are defined? 请你描述一下项目资源是如何定义的。 Listen Fors: · Top-level WBS is further decomposed into work packages that can be assigned, performed, and tracked · Project resource definition includes labor, machinery/equipment, materials, methods and their required quantities · Fa

29、cilities, equipment and component requirements · Long-lead time item · Staffing requirements defined 顶级项目的进一步分解成工作包可以被分配，进行跟踪，并 项目资源的定义包括劳动，机器设备，材料，方法和所需数量 设施，设备和部件的要求 待发时间项目 人员需求定义10. Would you please describe how the knowledge and skills needs are identified and satisfied on your project

30、? 请你描述一下项目所需的知识和技能是如何识别并满足项目需求的。 Listen Fors: · Knowledge and skills needs are identified based on organization and project records? · Available knowledge and skills is assessed? · Human Resources department is consulted to determine the availability and appropriateness of internal tr

31、aining? · Mechanisms believed to be helpful to solve the knowledge and skills gap are implemented? - Training (Internal and External) - Mentoring - Coaching - On-the-job application of learned skills 知识与技能需求的基础上确定的组织和项目的记录？现有的知识和技能进行评估？人力资源部门协商确定的可用性和适宜的内部培训？机制被认为有助于解决知识和技能方面的差距是？-培训（内部和外部）指导教练

32、-在职的经验教训的应用技能11. Would you please describe the set of or all relevant stakeholders needed to support your project throughout its product lifecycle? 请你描述一下项目整个生命周期中所需的相关干系人。 Stakeholders are those who can most affect the project and its products and those who can be affected by it. Listen Fors: ·

33、; Stakeholders are identified from all phases of the product lifecycle by identifying the type of people and functions needing representation in the project · The relevance and degree of interaction for each stakeholder is recorded · Stakeholders include: - Senior Managers, Project functio

34、nal managers (e.g., Sys Engineering, S/W Engineering, Mech Engineering, Financial managers, Customers and end users, Subcontractors / suppliers, Project members, Regulatory agencies, Independent Test, Quality Assurance, Configuration Management · The plan for stakeholder interaction should incl

35、ude the following: - List of all relevant stakeholders - Rationale for stakeholder involvement - Roles and responsibilities per life-cycle phase - Relationships between stakeholders - Relative importance of the stakeholder to project success by project phase - Schedule for phasing of stakeholder int

36、eraction 利益相关者确定从各个阶段的产品生命周期的识别的类型和功能需要代表性项目相关性和相互作用的程度为每个利益相关者的记录利益相关者包括：高级经理，项目经理（如功能，系统工程，机械工程/瓦特，工程，财务管理，客户和最终用户/供应商，分包商，项目成员，监管机构，独立的测试，质量保证，配置管理关键人员互动计划应包括以下内容：所有相关的利益有关者名单-理由，利益相关者的参与每个生命周期阶段的角色及职责-利益相关者之间的关系相对重要性的利益相关者对项目成功的项目阶段逐步利益相关者的互动12. Would you please describe the project plan? 请你描述一下

37、项目计划。 Project plan addresses all relevant planning items necessary to achieve the mutual understanding, commitment, and performance of individuals, groups, and organizations that must execute or support the plans. Listen Fors: · Project Plan typically contains: - Schedules based on technical ac

38、tivities and their dependencies - Technical and management tasks - Milestones - Risks - Stakeholders - Criticality requirements including security - Required resources including: Ø Tools Ø Facilities Ø Environment Ø Staffing Ø Knowledge and skills Ø Infrastructure descrip