国际音标元音

1、 梦想从这里起航禾沐教育七年级暑期一对一英语讲义（一）音 标【No.1】英语共有48个音素，其中元音音素20个，辅音音素28个。英语辅音和元音在语言中的作用相当于汉语中的生母和韵母。记录英语音素的符号叫做音标。音标放在两条斜线（/），以免和字母混淆。 一单元音音标：前元音1.单元音 /i:/舌尖抵下齿，舌前部向硬腭抬起，嘴角向两边张开，流露出微笑的表情，适当拉长发音。与字母 E 发音相同。例词：he sea tree teahave a sweet dream. 做个好梦.Its a deal. 一言为定。Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。2.单元音 /I/舌尖抵下齿，舌前部

2、向硬腭抬起，比/i:/低，嘴型扁平。注意嘴巴比/i:/大，发音比/i:/短。例词：big ship hill chicksa film ticket 一张电影票 a little bit difficult 有点儿难Business is business. 公事公办。Dont cry over spilt milk. 覆水难收。Lily lives in a very big city. 莉莉住在一个大城市里。3.单元音/ e /舌尖抵下齿，舌前部稍抬起，比/1/低。牙床开的比/1/宽。例词：pen bed leg wellbest friend 最好的朋友 a red letter day

3、. 大喜的日子East or west, home is best. 金窝银窝，不如自己的草窝。This is their red letter day. 今天是他们大喜的日子。4. 单元音/ æ /舌尖抵下齿，嘴角尽量拉向两边，成扁平形。是所有音标里面嘴巴咧的最宽的一个，同时嘴巴也要张大，上下齿之间可容纳食指和中指。例词：am apple that handas soon as 即刻 as a matter of fact 事实上 hand in hand 手拉手地A man without money is no man at all. 一分钱难倒英雄汉。Let the cat

4、out of the bag. 泄露消息。普通话中没有和相似的音，有人往往将发成/e/或者，这点要注意。读出下列单词并且区分/e/和。二单元音音标：中元音：/:/ / /1.单元音 /:/舌中部稍抬起，舌尖微抵下齿，双唇扁平，发音较长。例词：girl bird work turnher third birthday 她的第三个生日Early bird gets the worm. 捷足先登。He learned the first English word at school. 他在学校学到第一个英语单词。The girl gave her a purse. 女孩给了她一个钱包。2.单元音 /

5、双唇扁平，舌尖微抵下齿，口张开比/:/略大。例词：teacher visitor breakfast welcomebrothers and sisters 兄弟姐妹a doctors teacher 一位医生的老师I leant to love rough seas in summer. 我开始爱夏日波涛汹涌的大海了。The teachers will get together tomorrow. 老师们明天会集合。3.单元音/舌头后部的靠前部分稍微抬起，舌尖和舌端两侧触及下齿。双唇向两旁平伸。例词：cup run jump floodmuch money 很多的钱Well begun, h

6、alf done. 良好的开端是成功的一半。She loves nothing but money. 她就爱钱。Dont trouble trouble until trouble troubles you. 不要自找麻烦。It is fun to run and jump in the sun. 在阳光下跑和跳很好玩。When your work is done. 如果你的功课已做完。Lets play in the sun. 让我们在阳光下玩。Singing one by one. 一个一个接着唱。Weve a lot of fun. 我们玩得多欢畅。和的发音区别：和是两个不同的音素，发音

7、的口腔部位不同，牙床、长度等也有所不同。读出下列单词并且区分和。三单元音音标：后元音/u:/ / /: / / /:/1.元音/u:/长元音，嘴形小而圆，微微外突，舌头尽量后缩。舌后部向上抬起，嘴巴要收的又小又圆，并且向外突出。喉咙稍有紧张感，与汉语中的“呜”音很像。例词：zoo who food bluebring food to school. 带食物去学校.prove it to be true. 证明它是真的remove the rule. 废除这项规定see a movie at noon. 在中午看场电影One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。

8、I choose blue shoes to take to school to you. 我帮你带蓝色的鞋到学校。Drink fruit juice when you have the flu. 当你感冒的时候喝点果汁就会好些。Do not move during June and July. 六七月间不要太运动。I have just bought a new blue suit. 我刚买了一套蓝色新西装。You should choose between the two. 你得在两个中间挑一个。2.单元音/短元音。嘴唇张开略向前突出，嘴形稍收圆并放松些。注意嘴巴的形状，嘴巴张开略向前突出

9、，舌头后部略向上抬起，发短促音即可。例词：foot wood book pusha good book 一本好书by hook or by crook 不择手段A good wife makes a good husband. 成功的男人背后必定有位好妻子。Books and friends should be few but good. 读书如交友，应求少而精。At noon, I took a good book and sat by the pool in the wood. 中午我带上一本好书，坐在林子里的池塘边。3.元音/: /舌头置于口腔底部，口腔完全张开，但是不成圆形。然后将舌身

10、再稍稍向后缩.双唇也收的更圆更小。例词：fork ball morning airportall thoughts 所有的想法from door to door 挨家挨户地on the fourth floor 在第四层Look before you leap. 三思而后行。Four eyes see more than two. 集思广益。He was born on August the fourth. 他生于八月四日。He is only four, but he can walk and talk. 他只有四岁，但能走会说。4.元音/舌头置于口腔底部，口腔完全张开，但是不成圆形。然后将

11、舌身再稍稍向后缩。例词：cock shop job box a popular shop 一家受欢迎的商店lost the job 丢掉了工作knock down a robber 击倒一个强盗Barking dogs do not bite. 吠犬不咬人。My boss has got a pot of hot water. 我老板有了一壶热水。The dog is standing in the shop. 狗站在商店里。Look at the frog on the log. 看那圆木上的青蛙。The coffee is of top quality. 这咖啡的质量极高。5.单元音/:/

12、长元音。口腔打开，嘴张大，舌身平放后缩，舌尖离开下齿，下巴收低一点，轻松发音。与“啊”发音有点像。例词：car garden star guitarstart the bargain 开始议价do harm to the heart 对心脏有害He laughs best who laughs last. 谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。Work hard and play hard. 工作的时候要拼命干，而娱乐的时候要尽情玩。The park is far from the farm. 公园离农场很远。Its hard to start the car. 这辆车很难发动。Last week, I w

13、ent to see my father after the party. 上周晚会后我去见了父亲。I like to pass through the garden park. 我喜欢穿过公园的园林。区别和比较：（1） 的发音区别：这两个发音有相同的地方，都与中文的“啊”有一定的联系，但是发音较长，发音较短促有力，所以在读音中要注意。读下列单词，并注意和的区别：（2）和的发音区别： 和的发音部位不同，所以不是单纯地由加长而成。读下列单词，并且区分和。（3）的发音区别：是两个不同的音素，不是单纯地由加长而成。普通话中没有和相同的音，不要将误发成。读下列单词并且区分和。 你还记得前面出现过那些单

14、元音吗?单元音 vowels (12个)：/i:/, /I/, /e/, /æ/ /:/, /, / /u:/, /, /:/, /, /:/四双元音1.双元音/eI/e/重读，/ I /轻读，口形由半开到合，与字母 A发音相同。例词：face rain cake wait2.双元音 /aI/口形由开到合，牙齿由全开过度到全闭。例词：my kite write bicycle3.双元音/I/前元音重读，后元音轻读，双唇从圆到扁，口形从开到合，牙齿从全开到逐渐闭合，注意连贯性。例词：boy boil noise coin4.双元音/I/前元音重读，后元音轻读，双唇始终半开。例词：ear

15、 here zero beard5.双元音/e/前重后轻，舌端抵下齿，双唇半开.例词：hair bare pear chair6.双元音/前重后轻，嘴唇由收圆到半开，口形由合到开，双唇由圆到扁平。例词：tour poor sure gourd7.双元音/a/a/重读，/u/轻读，口形由大到小。例词：how house mouth trousers8.双元音/口形由半开到小，与字母 O的发音相同。前面的音清楚而较长，后面的音圆唇，发音模糊而较短。例词：coat throw boat toe那么你能说出所有的双元音吗?双元音 vowels (8个)：/eI/, /aI/, /I/, /I/, /e

16、/, / /a/, /,【No.2】音标a: æ e专练：一抄写音标，一个抄写5遍。a:： ： æ： e： 二选出下列没有相同发音的词。( ) 1. car arm food garden( ) 2. true jump bus cut ( ) 3. bag short map flag( ) 4. egg pen head small( ) 5. got clock bell dog( ) 6. rabbit book wood foot( ) 7. rat bat apple ten( ) 8. gun star duck money三写出单词或音标。 pa:st ru

17、:m swet sit fæt gt cp sh:t bag car bus bread star head 四. 选出下列每题中元音有几种读音，有一种读音的在（ ）里画,有两种读音的画,有三种的画。( ) 1. hat fast cook last ( ) 2. jeep door sun gum( ) 3. dad cap hand map( ) 4. star car cut from( ) 5. skirt sheep bird her 五. 改变下列单词的一个字母,使它变成另一个单词。like_(交通工具) hat _(动物)lake _(食品) nice _(数字)hot

18、 _(用品) well _(用品)音标ei ai i au专练：一抄写音标，一个抄写5遍。 ei： ai： i： au： 二选出下列没有发相同发音的词。( ) 1. cake egg rain May( ) 2. kite cry broom fly( ) 3. boy joy cat noise( ) 4. blouse sun cow house( ) 5. tower flower mouth arm三读音标,将下列单词补充完整或写出字母，单词的音标。 klaud set kin kr:s c_ _ _d s_ _ c_ _n cr_ _s flæg trein desk sm

19、ail f_ _g tr_ _n d_ _ _ s_ _leAa Kk Ii Yy hi boy cow now toy bike house my cake face how nice 四把下列单词下正确的音标连接起来。 bow bau gate pai tray geit pie trei poison pizn音标u i e u专练：一抄写音标，一个抄写5遍。 u： i： e： u： 二选出下列没有相同发音的词。 ( ) 1. mouth coat goat window ( ) 2. dear beer cake teacher ( ) 3. pair boy air hare ( )

20、 4. poor tour Europe cry ( ) 5. boat bike side fly三写出单词或音标。 nuz said i kau pe pu bæt wu:d go ear photo deer near nose hear 四把下列单词与音标用线连起来。 ruz theater 'it rose skwe tour tu square pleisiz places【No.3】完型+阅读专练：一完形填空。先通读下面的短文,掌握其大意,然后在每小题的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 I got out of the train station with

21、 my father. A woman came to him and said that her money had been stolen(偷). She asked if he could 31 her some money to go back home. My father gave her what she asked for and told her not to worry about paying it back. I was 32 . How could my father be so silly? Anyone could see that she was telling

22、 a lie(谎言), staying at the station all day long 33 for money. "She was lying!" I said." 34 did you give her the money?" My father looked at me. He was a bit angry. "And what would you like me to do?" he said. "Should I tell her that I am a college professor and I c

23、an see through her scam(骗局）？" I did not 35 his meaning at all, and then he told me something that I have 36 forgotten. "First, she would not do this 37 she didn't need the money. Second, I made her day, because now she thinks that she's 38 than me. It is more important to 39 than t

24、he money. but I don't mind this." A week later, we were at the same station, and the same woman came to my father with the same story. "Not this time," my father told her. "In your business, you should learn to recognize(认出) people. Try another 40 on me next week."31. A.

25、 borrow B. keep C. lend D. pay32.A. excited B. angry C. sad D. surprised33. A. asking B. looking C. waiting D. going34.A. Where B. When C. Why D. How35. A. find B. know C. hear D. believe36.A. never . B. sometimesC. always D. usually37. A. because B. until C. as D. if38.A. smarter B. younger C. taller D. better39. A. them B. her C. you D. me40. A. coat B. story C. station D. Man二阅读。My Favorite Sweaterby Bonnie Highsmith TaylorMy favor