由一道高考题引起对“what”在名词性从句中语义变化的思考与探究

1、.由一道高考题引起对“what在名词性从句中语义变化的考虑与探究张贵元甘肃定西漳县一中在今年高考中，出现了这样一个句子：2019高考四川卷Dreaming about whether you would want to read minds, see through walls, or have superhuman strength may sound silly, but it actually gets to the heart of what really matters in your life. 整体看句子，不难发现这是一个由并列连词but把两个复合句连接起来的并列复合句，两个分句

2、都是宾语从句，但第二个分句由what引导的宾语从句使得句子理解起来就有点费事了。这句句意大致为“梦想是你是否想读懂心思，看穿冰冷的墙壁， 或者拥有超能的力量，这些听起来很愚蠢，但它实际上是你生活中真正重要的核心。这句话理解的难度主要出如今what引导的宾语从句上，为了学生能轻松的掌握what在名词性从句当中的运用，笔者从语义的变化来探究并分析what在名词性从句中的用法。 说到名词性从句，就知道从句其实是借用了其它构造完好的句子而已。就其what引导的名词性从句，其实从句的来源来自what引导的两种句式，分别为what引导的特殊疑问句和what引导的感慨句。下面从语义的方面来探究what在名词

3、性从句中的演变。以下一些例句探究what逐渐从广义的泛指“什么转变到狭义的特指“详细上面来。A. “What在名词性从句中语义根本没有发生演变，出如今下面两种情况：1. “What引导的特殊疑问句充当名词性从句中的从句107江苏高考Choosing the right dictionary depends on what you want to use it for.从句是由：what do you want to use it for? 转变而来的，what语义还是原来的“什么之意，没有变化。选择正确的字典要根据你想用该字典做什么。2Tell me what he does. 从句是由：wh

4、at does he do? 转变而来的，what语义还是原来的“什么之意，没有变化。告诉我他是干什么的。3We don't know what his name is. 从句是由：what is his name? 转变而来的，what语义还是原来的“什么之意，没有变化。我们不知道他叫什么名字。 4 I asked him what clothes I should wear. 从句是由：what clothes should I wear ? 转变而来的，what语义还是原来的“什么之意，没有变化。我问他我该穿什么衣服。5 I do not know what to do next

5、.此句在现代英语中也看作是宾语从句，其实是I do not know what I do next.的简化而已。这样不难看出，从句是由：what do you do next ? 转变而来的，what语义还是原来的“什么之意，没有变化。我不知道接下来做什么。2. “What 引导的感慨句充当名词性中的从句1We all know what hot weather it is there. 从句是由：what hot weather it is ! 转变而来的，what语义还是原来的感慨之意，没有变化。 我们都知道哪儿天气多热啊。22019全国II改Thats what a powerful d

6、evice the telephone is. 从句是由：what a powerful device the telephone is 转变而来的，what语义还是原来的感慨之意，没有变化。那就是 是一个多么强大的装置啊。B. What在名词性从句中语义已经发生了变化，从以前广义的泛指“什么到狭义的“特指：如东西，人，数量，时间及地点等上面来，当语义缩小时，此类名词性从句可以被另外一种句式定语从句所交换。常出如今以下五种情况中：1.What在从句中表示“的东西，相当于“the thingthings that.。如:108福建高考 What is known to us all is tha

7、t the 2019 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. 从句是由：What is known to us all ? 转变而来，what语义已经从以前的广义“什么缩小成了详细的事情，即“.的东西，该从句从句意上可以被另外一个句式转换，如：The thing that is known to us all is that the 2019 Olympic Games will take place in Beijng . 对我们来说总所周知的一件事情就是2019年奥运会将在中国北京举行。208重庆People in Chongqing are p

8、roud of what they have achieved in the past ten years. =People in Chongqing are proud of the things that they have achieved in the past ten years 重庆人对他们在过去十年来所获得的成就而感到自豪。2. What在从句中表示“的人，相当于“the person that."如:08山东高考 What was most important to her, she told me, was her family.从句是由：What was most

9、 important to her ? 转变而来，what语义已经从以前的广义“什么缩小成了详细的事情，即“.的人，该从句从句意上可以被另外一个句式转换，如：The person that was most important to her, she told me, was her family. 她告诉我，对她最重要的人是她的家人。再如：He is not what he was a few years ago. =He is not the person that he was a few years ago他不是儿年前的那个样子了。3. What在从句中表示“的数蟹或数目，相当于the

10、 amountnumber that."。如:1The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 从句是由：What was it before liberation? 转变而来，what语义已经从以前的广义“什么缩小成了详细的事情，即“.的数蟹或数目，该从句从句意上可以被另外一个句式转换，如：The number of the students in our school is ten times number that it was before liberat

11、ion. 如今我校学生的数量是解放前的10倍。2Our income is now double what it was ten years ago.= Our income is now double amount that it was ten years ago. 我们如今的收人是10年前的两倍。4.What在从句中表示“的时间，相当于“the time that.'。如: 1After what seemed a very long time，I opened my eyes and found myself in bed. 从句是由：What seemed a very lo

12、ng time? 转变而来，what语义已经从以前的广义“什么缩小成了详细的事情，即“.的时间，该从句从句意上可以被另外一个句式转换，如：After the time that seemed a very long time，I opened my eyes and found myself in bed. 似乎过了很长一段时间，我才睁开眼睛，发现自己躺在床上。2The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours.= The young girl was too fright

13、ened to speak, standing there for the time that seemed like hours.小女孩吓得不敢说活，在那儿似乎站了几个小时。5. What在从句中表示“的地方，相当于“the place that."。如:1This is what they call Zhangxian River. 从句是由：What do they call Zhangxian River? 转变而来，what语义已经从以前的广义“什么缩小成了详细的事情，即“.的地方，该从句从句意上可以被另外一个句式转换，如：This is the place that th

14、ey call Zhangxian River. 这就是他们称为漳河的地方。 2We reached what is now called Shichuan yesterday.= We reached the place that is now called Chichuan yesterday.昨天我们到达了如今叫石川的地方。注意：1当what引导的从句做主语时，谓语通常用单数，但当主句是主系表构造时，系动词的数要与所跟的表语保持一致。What you left are only several old books.你留下的仅仅是几本旧书。What you said is of great

15、 importance.你说的话非常重要。2有时what可用作限定词，其后修饰一个名词。如:You may bring what books you like.你可以把你喜欢的书籍都带来。He spent what little money he had on playing games.他把仅有的一点钱都花在玩游戏上了。由于本人学识有限，不到之处在所难免，望同仁及前辈们加以补充，让我能在今后不管是自己的业务才能还是教学才能有所提升。另外，What在名词性从句中的这些用法仅仅是笔者在最近9年教学中自己的一些不成熟的想法而已，欢送同仁们批评指正。【强化练习what名词性从句在高考的部分再现】1.

16、 04天津A modern city has been set up inwas a wasteland ten years ago.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where2. 05辽宁Do you have any ideais actually going on in the classroom?A.thatB.whatC.as D.which3. 06全国What did your parents think about your decision?They always let me doI think I should.A.whenB.thatC.howD.what4.

17、 07全国 matters most in learning English is enough practice.A.What B.WhyC.WhereD.Which5. 08北京The companies are working together to create they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A. which B. that C. what D. who6. 09江苏Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ 

18、   could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.A. as                 B. that             C. which        D. what7. 10福建We should respect food and think about the people who dont have we have here and