现在完成时讲解及练习（无答案）

1、.如今完成时1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对如今造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开场，持续到如今的动作或状态。2.时间状语：recently, lately, sincefor,in the past few years, etc. 3.根本构造：have/has + done 4.否认形式：have/has + not +done. 5.一般疑问句：have或has提早对于初接触如今完成时的人来说，往往会产生一种茫然，因为它似乎与一般过去时相似。那就是，这两种时态描绘的动作都始于过去。其实不然，如今完成时主要表示，发生在过去的动作延续到如今刚刚完成、或许还要延续；侧重于这个动作对如今带来的

2、结果、产生的影响、积累的总和等等。而一般过去时那么只不过是表示动作发生在过去的什么时候。弄清了这一区别，就很容易理解如今完成时了。它主要适用于下面的几种情况：1表示截止如今业已完成的动作By now, I have collected all the data that I need .到如今为止，我已搜集到了我所需的全部资料。She has read 150 pages today .她今天已看了150页。2表示发生在过去而对如今产生影响、带来结果的动作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗？3表示过去发生的动作持续到如今，并可能还要延续It has been fi

3、ve years since he joined the army .他参军五年了。1一个句子应该用什么时态只能取决于它需要表达的意思，以及它所处的语言环境。例如：He speaks English .一般如今时，说明动作发生的经常性。He spoke English when he was in New Zealand .一般过去时，说明动作发生的时间。He is speaking English.如今进展时，说明动作正在进展。He has spoken English for three years since he came to the USA.如今完成时，这里说明动作的总和。He h

4、as been speaking English since he came to the USA. 如今完成进展时，强调动作的连续性。2在含有时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主从复合句中，假如主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般如今时来表示将来时；假如主句的谓语动词是过去将来时，那么从句的谓语动词就只能用一般过去时来表示过去将来时。例如：I will not play tennis if it rains tomorrow.I would not play tennis if it rained the next day.3 有些动词表示无法持续的动作，它们一般不宜用于进展

5、时态中。这类动词常见的有：be , believe , consist , find , forget , hate , have , hope , hear , know , like , love , notice , prefer , remember , see , seem , smell , suggest , taste , understand , want , wish , sit down , stand up 等等。Be动词假设是用于进展时态，可表示暂时、短暂的情况或表现。例如：Tom is being a good boy today .汤姆今天很乖。He is bei

6、ng childish .他这样做是耍孩子气。You are not being modest .你这样说不太谦虚。4关于如今完成时的时间状语问题A. 但凡"完成时态"都表示，不知道也不管动作发生的详细时间, 所以在使用如今完成时的句子里，不可以带有表示详细过去时间的状语，如：yesterday , last week month , year , etc. , two weeks ago , in 2019等；但常和有些副词连用，如： just , before , already , often , never , ever , notyet , always等等。B.

7、 在以when提问的特殊疑问中不能用如今完成时。另外，ago不能用于如今完成时的句子里，因为它表示从如今算起的以前某个时间，属于表示详细过去时间的状语。但是可以用before 来表示"以前"的意义，因为它只表示"以前"，而不知什么时候的以前。C. 假如是不表示连续性的动词用于如今完成时的句子，不可以和以for表示的"一段时间"的状语连用。在这种情况下，应该用"It has been ；since"的句式来表达。如：He has joined the army for five years. 错误It has bee

8、n five years since he joined the army.正确 能与如今完成时连用词语很多，如副词just, already, yet, before, ever, recently 等，但下面是一些典型而且重要的例子：1 since自从：不管用作介词、连词还是副词, 句子主句谓语通常都用如今完成时：I havent seen her since last week. 自上周以来我一直未见过她。Where have you been since I last saw? 自我上次见到你之后你到哪里去了?【注】有时可用其他时态的情况，但须注意： 对于某些表示状态的动词如 seem

9、 等，或因语义等方面的原因，有时可能用一般如今时比较如今完成时更适宜：It seems like years since we last met. 我们似乎几年未见面了。Since when does the $42 plus $5 service charge come to $48? 从什么什候开场42元加5元的效劳费等于48元了? 假设不是指从过去持续到如今，而是指从较远的过去持续到在一个较近的过去，那么用过去完成时：Yesterday he told me that he hadnt eaten anything since Tuesday. 他昨天告诉我自星期二以来他一直未吃任何东西

10、。指从星期二至昨天未吃东西 表示时间长度时，通常用一般如今时代替如今完成时：Its ten years since he left here. 他分开这儿已10年了。2 so far到目前为止： So far there has been no bad news. 到如今为止还没有什么坏消息。We havent had any trouble so far. 到目前为止，我们还没有遇到任何费事。 3 in for, during the past last years在过去年中：In the past two years Ive seen him little. 过去两年我很少见到他。I ha

11、ve been here for the last past month. 最近一个月里我都在这儿。【注】在一定的上下文里，假设是以过去时间为起点，也可用过去完成时。4 up to until now到如今为止：Up to now, the work has been easy. 到如今为止这工作还算容易。I have heard nothing from him up to now. 到如今为止我还没有听到他一点音信。5 Its will be the first time that第一次：Its the first time Ive come here. 这是我第一次来这儿。如今完成时练习

12、一、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _what's happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. i

13、s writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、-Our country_ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying7、We

14、 _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、-These farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go . do they go . have they gone10、-_ you

15、 _ your homework yet ?-Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、-Do you know him well ?- Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were

16、 . have been . have become . have made13、-How long have you _ here ?-About two months . been . gone . come . arrived14、Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isn't in the off

17、ice . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have been to . have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ?A. so they B. don't they C. have they D. haven't they19、has Mr White been a member of Gree

18、ner China since he to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived20、 His uncle for more than 9 years.A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university二、句型转换3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. die 动词填空4、This factory opened twenty years ago.同义句转换 This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. 同义句转换Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her mother has been a