英语中“独立成分”的使用场合及用法探究

1、.独立成分independent Element独立成分指的是与句子中其他成分没有语法关系如一致关系、修饰关系、连接关系等的词、短语或分句。他们与其他成分之间通常由逗号隔开。独立成分常指以下三种：感慨词叹词、呼语和插入语。I. 感慨词 感慨词interjection通常由感慨词表示，也可以由某些短语表示，表示喜怒哀乐等感情，一般位于句首，表示强烈的感情时，其后可用感慨词。如：Why, the room is empty! 啊要，屋子是空的！叹词Oh, what a wonder! 奥，真是个奇迹！叹词There, there! Dont cry! 好啦，好啦，别哭了！习语Away! Let m

2、e see you no more. 滚开！ 别让我再见到你。副词II. 呼语说话人对听话人的称呼，称为呼语Vocative。通常由表示人的专有名词表示，也可以是普通名词或短语，可位于句首、句末或句中。如：Give me a hand, Lucy.帮我哥忙，露西。Boys, dont waste your time this way.孩子们，别这么浪费时间！Comrades, may I have your attention, please?同志们，请注意。III.插入语插入语Parenthesis对一句话进展解释或说明，表示说话人对说话内容的态度或看法。插入语可以是一个副词短语、介词短语、

3、不定式短语、如今分词短语或从句，可位于句首、句中或句末。如：To tell you the truth, I dont want to deal with that fellow.老实说，我不想与那家伙打交道。There will be happy ending, I hope.我希望将会有个幸福的结局。Judging from your accent, you must be from Hei longjiang. 听口音，你准是个黑龙江人。IV. 英语中“插入语常见的种类和用法插入语通常与句中其它部分没有语法上的联络，将它删掉之后，句子构造仍然是完好的。书写时我们多半用逗号把它与句子的主句

4、分开。1. 插入语的种类较多，常见的有：1.代词词组作插入语能用作插入语的代词词组有all the same , all told , all in all等。例如：His students was reduced to fiftysix all told.他的学生减少到总共56人。All in all, her achievement is greatly improved.总的来说，她的成绩有很大的好转。2. 形容词短语作插入语常见的能用作插入语的形容词短语有：常见的能用作插入语的形容词短语有excellent，most important of all , true , wonderfu

5、l, sure enough, strange to say , worst still等等。例如：Wonderful , our team has won again.太好了，我们队又赢了。Most important of all，we must hand in all the homework.最重要的是，我们要上交所有的作业。True, it would be too late.真的，时间太晚了。Strange to say, we have not got the news up to now.说来也奇怪，我们到如今还没有得到这个消息。3.副词短语作插入语能用作插入语的副词短语有ge

6、nerally，frankly , indeed , surely , still , exactly， otherwise, certainly，however , personally , honestly，fortunately , though，besides， perhaps，maybe, probably， or rather, lucki1y，等。例如:When he got to campus，he found，however, that his knowledge was too limited.可是到了大学之后，他发现他的知识太有限了。Otherwise , he woul

7、d still be working at factory.不然的话，他还会在工厂工作的。4.介词短语作插入语用作插入语的介词短语有: on the other hand, in fact, as a matter of fact，in ones opinion, as a result , in general, in a word，in short, in other words，in a few words，of course, by the way, for example, to ones surprise, in conclusion, on the contrary， in br

8、ief等。例如:To their surprise ， they saw not water this time but glass.使他们惊讶的是，他们这次看到的不是水而是玻璃。You cant wait any more- in other words，you have to go at once.你不能再等了，换言之，你得立即出发。On the contrary , we should strengthen our ties with them on this aspect.相反，我们还应加强和他们的联络。5.不定式短语作插入语能用作插入语的不定式短语有to be honest , to

9、 be frank , to be sure，to tell you the truth，to make the matter worse， to start with , to begin with， to sum up等。例如To be frank, I don not want to tell your truth.坦率地说，我不想告诉你真相。To tell you the truth , Im not so interested in your matter.跟你说实话，我对你的事情兴趣不大。To sum up, success results from hard work.总而言之，

10、成功来自艰辛6.分词短语作插入语.分词短语作插入语常见的有:Considering everything into consideration ; everything considered into consideration ; taking everything into consideration； everything taken into consideration考虑到一切; granting/granted that 即使;judging by /from通过.判断; talking/speaking of谈到;seeing that鉴于;given考虑到; Supposing

11、 that假定;assuming that假定;strictly speaking严格地说; compared to /with与.相比较;generally speaking一般来说等，例如:Seeing that he is ill, he is unlikely to go to school.鉴于他病了，他不可能去学校了.Compared with other good students, Liming is a more satisfying student.和其它好学生相比，李明是一个较为让人满意的学生.Given the general state of her health,

12、Xiaohua may take her a while to recover from the operation.考虑她的身体状况，可能要花一段时间她才能从手术中恢复安康。Generally speaking, the weather in my hometown is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.一般来说，我家乡的气候冬天不太冷，夏大不太热。judging by his clothes，he may be a doctor.从穿着来判断，他可能是个医生。Talking of singing, will you go t

13、o the concert with me tomorrow? 说到唱歌，你愿意明天和我一块去听音乐会吗?7.分句 在陈述句和一般疑问句 作插入语能用作插入语的分句有as we know , I am sure , I think, I suppose, I hope, Im afraid, you see，I believe ,it is said，whats more，that isto say, I know, as I see，believe it or not等。例如: Some animals only half-hibernate, their sleep is not such

14、 a deep one.有些动物只是半冬眠，就是说它们睡得不那么深沉.I believe，we will make our dreams come true sooner or later.我确信，我们的梦想迟早会实现。She cant pass the exam because she doesnt study hard.， whats more, she isnt so smart.他不会通过这次考试，因为她学习不认真，更何况她又不太聪明。How do you think dialect is different from standard language? 你认为方言和标准语言有什么不

15、同之处?2.在意思上，插入语在句中通常是对一句话的一些附加说明、解释或总结，或者表达说话者的看法和态度，或是起强调的作用，有时为了引起对方的注意，或起转移话题或说明事由的作用，或是承上启下，使句子与前面的语句衔接得更严密一些。常见的插人语的用法有以下几种:1 表示自己的看法、推测或态度。可用作这类插人语的有:I hope我希望, in ones opinion在某人看来，I think我认为，I believe我相信，I guess我猜测， to tell the truth老实说，I am afraid我想，我想，personally就我个人而言, as/so far as I am con

16、cerned 就我所知 ，generally speaking一般说来，it seems to me照我看来等。Personally，I dont like his teaching style .就我个人而言，我不喜欢他的教学风格。In my opinion，I believe in him .依我看，我信赖他这个人。2 表示解释或说明。这类插人语有: in other words换句话说，so to speak可以说, as it were可以说， that is to say也就是说等。He is, so to speak, the brain of the organization.他

17、可以说是该组织的智囊。He hope you to teach him math, that is to say, he love you. 3 表示言语未尽。这类插入语有：in addition另外,andwhats more而且， besides而且, most important of all最重要的是，and moreover另外, andwhat is worse, worse still更糟的是等。Whats more, many countries use English as a foreign language.此外，许多国家把英语作为一门外语来学。 The price is

18、 too high, and moreover, the house isnt in a suitable position. 房价太高，另外，房子的位置也不好。4 用来转变话题。可用作这类插人语的有:by the way顺便说，incidentally顺便提一句，however然而等。By the way, could you tell me how much it is? 顺便问一下, 这个东西多少钱? Incidentally, this would also help reduce your risk of developing diabetes.顺便提一下, 这也有助于降低你患糖尿病的风险。5 引起对方注意、倾听、观察或考虑。这类插人语有:dont you think你说是吧,you know你知道,you see你瞧，dont you know你是知道的，不是吗?等。Her performance was wonderful，dont you think?她的表演非常精彩，你说是吧?He can speak in