低碳照明外文翻译

1、附录翻译Green illumination idea design Synopsis: The lighting set-up project is a synthesis discipline class application project, it involves the electrical engineering, optics, the environmental science, the biology and illumination art and so on. The specialized lighting set-up also involves each prof

2、essional field the knowledge, like the road lighting involves the transportation science, the sports complexes illumination to involve the movement science and so on, obviously the lighting set-up is very complex. Because complex, therefore lighting engineering design effect before implementation th

3、e very difficult quantification, after some time projects to complete, the discovery is only then unsatisfied.Key words: Green illumination idea lighting set-up he lighting set-up project is a synthesis discipline class application project, it involves the electrical engineering, optics, the environ

4、mental science, the biology and illumination art and so on. The specialized lighting set-up also involves each professional field the knowledge, like the road lighting involves the transportation science, the sports complexes illumination to involve the movement science and so on, obviously the ligh

5、ting set-up is very complex. Because complex, therefore lighting engineering design effect before implementation the very difficult quantification, after some time projects to complete, the discovery is only then unsatisfied.At present the domestic lighting set-up divides into two stages to complete

6、 generally, the construction design institute completes the items of basic construction the base lighting, some Specialized companies contract the large-scale main hall, the facility and the landscape illumination design. Design institute's lighting set-up has mainly completed the general spatia

7、l illumination arrangement, the ordinary lamps and lanterns shaping, the illumination power distribution; To the illumination quality, illumination art and the environment consideration are few. Although some Specialized companies compared have considered the illumination art and the environment wel

8、l, because own lack of strength or the consideration stress was dissimilar, sometimes designed ten lamination surface, like the degree of illumination meet standards, the illumination power distribution was very not unreasonable has the unsafe hidden danger, the photo source and the lamps and lanter

9、ns shaping improper and so on phenomena sometimes occurs.Must solve the above problem, should strengthen the specialized lighting set-up troop the service construction, raises the lighting set-up quality consciousness. Therefore the request lighting set-up worker not only need grasp the lighting set

10、-up the theory, but must understand that the domestic and foreign related lighting techniques the new tendency, the advancement green illumination is the present lighting engineering policy. First, the green illumination's idea green illumination is refers to through the science lighting set-up,

11、 uses the efficiency to be high, the life is long, the security and the stable property the illumination electric appliance product (electro-optic light, lamp with electric appliance appendix, lamps and lanterns, wiring equipment, as well as adjust light controller and control light component), the

12、improvement enhances the people to work, the study, the life condition and the quality, thus creates one highly effective, comfortable, safe, economical, the beneficial environment and manifests the modern civilization fully the illumination.in January, 1991 US Environmental protection Bureau (EPA)

13、first proposed implementation " green illumination (Green Lights) “and advancement " green lighting engineering (Green Lights Program) “the concept, has United Nations's support and many developed countries and the developing country value very quickly, and adopts the corresponding pol

14、icy and the technical measure positively, the advancement green lighting engineering implementation and the development. in November, 1993 our country State Economic and Trade Commission started to start the Chinese green lighting engineering, and included the national plan officially in 1996.The co

15、nstruction illumination energy conservation potential mainly includes aspect and so on electro-optic light potential, lamps and lanterns potential as well as design, operational guidance potential. Theoretically speaking, the illumination electricity consumption (L) the available equation below indi

16、cated: L=WT* (EA/FK) =EAT/K W- each lamps and lanterns consume electric power, KW/Taiwan; T- turning on the light time, h; E- average design degree of illumination, lx; A- floor area, m2; F- each lamps and lanterns' light bulb lumen, lm; K- maintenance factor; Eta - light bulb's comprehensiv

17、e efficiency F/W. Therefore, wants to reduce consumes according to the plain-text telegram, must try to use the highly effective light bulb, to enhance lamps and lanterns' service rate; Or the reduced turning on the light time, maintains the suitable degree of illumination and uses the local lig

18、hting as far as possible and so on. But, the illumination energy conservation's principle is saves the energy in the guarantee enough illumination brightness and under the quality premise. Therefore, the choice reasonable degree of illumination (E), the highly effective light bulb lumen (F) and

19、the enhancement synthesis efficiency (Eta), strengthens the operational guidance and so on, has the very vital significance regarding the construction illumination energy conservation.The green illumination contains the electro-optic light, the electric appliance appendix, the lamps and lanterns, th

20、e wiring equipment, as well as adjusts the light and controls the light component and so on reasonable use. For example: Uses the highly effective energy conservation the electro-optic light, uses the highly effective energy conservation illumination lamps and lanterns, uses the highly effective ene

21、rgy conservation the lamp to use the electric appliance appendix, with energy conservation inductance ballast and electronic ballast substitution tradition Gao Nenghao inductance ballast. Uses each kind of illumination energy conservation the control device or the component. The green illumination i

22、s for the purpose of improving enhances the people to work, the study, the life condition and the quality, therefore the designers must very good comprehend the green illumination the request and grasp the country related lighting set-up standard to cause it to satisfy the request.According to green

23、 illumination idea, when practice lighting set-up, the following several questions should cause the people to take seriously. The lighting set-up is an art in constructs and in the design project, constructs from the high tech to the local construction, in spatial aspect, regardless of being the amu

24、sement room or the luxurious big banquet hall, illumination art may lead the people the warm dreamland. The lighting set-up art's application will cause the building environment will become more satisfied. The illumination designer's work is further rich construction connotation, but non-com

25、pletes a project simply, although the architectural design, the lighting set-up are by the architect, the illumination designer separately in the difference time in the compartment completes.In fact, regardless of the two are aspects and so on design concept, design style and design level can have t

26、he difference. But should stress that the latter importance which carries on the task to the architect design concept, stressed that the respect constructs designer's creation, before the lighting set-up carries on, the full understanding, comprehends architect's design idea, will construct

27、finally makes a perfect artware.Chooses the reasonable lighting standard. Our country in May, 1990 has issued "Civil construction Lighting set-up Standard", because our country is vast in territory, various local current economic condition difference is big, the national customs are differ

28、ent, therefore in selects the degree of illumination standard time to determine the reasonable standard in the standard recommendation high, middle and low value. Should grasp moderately to the normal value determination, for example in the work construction the office, the conference room intensity

29、 of illumination respectively is 100, 150, 200LX, is refers to 0.75 meters horizontal plane the intensity of illumination; The design office, the drafting room intensity of illumination respectively is 200, 300, 500LX, is refers to the actual working surface the intensity of illumination. That is re

30、garding the design office, the drafting room should consider two kind of illuminations from the energy conservation angle lighting set-up: The general lighting and the local lighting, their sum of degree of illumination satisfies the standard request. Also for example the intelligence architectural

31、design standard, it is mainly suitable for the work constructs. In environment one chapter stipulated that the visual illumination environment the horizontal plane degree of illumination, the armor, the second grade, the third class standard should distinguish are not smaller than 500, 400, 300LX; B

32、ecause is the intelligent construction, the lighting standard is higher than "Civil construction Lighting set-up Standard" obviously stipulation. But in the intelligent construction is not possesses with the room has the such high visual request, should act according to the different use d

33、efinite lighting standard, and 500, 400, 300LX should be refers to the actual working surface the intensity of illumination. The popular computer secondary lighting design computer secondary lighting design was already not the new task. 92 year author used PC1500 machine from to arrange the computat

34、ional procedure to calculate the large-scale textile workshop, the indoor stadium and 1000 person of international conference hall degree of illumination. Adjusts lamps and lanterns' arrangement and the combination according to the computation, causes targets and so on design degree of illuminat

35、ion, uniformity to satisfy the request. But the computer secondary lighting design had not obtained the promotion. The reason does not have the suitable lighting set-up software, although the overseas specialized illumination company has, but the lamps and lanterns database could not use, add on fac

36、tors and so on sinicizing, price not to hinder has designed software's application. The domestic design institute lighting set-up very little uses the computer secondary lighting design. At present the domestic lamps and lanterns Manufacturer are many, should the lamps and lanterns technical par

37、ameter standardization, the unit exploitation domestic lamps and lanterns database, with the aim of carrying on the computer secondary lighting design. The functionality construction, like the sports complexes, the large-scale workshop and so on, the high-level civil construction, like the big theat

38、er, the meeting hall and so on should when the preliminary design uses the computer the computation degree of illumination. Adjusts lamps and lanterns' arrangement and the combination according to the computed result, causes targets and so on design degree of illumination, uniformity to satisfy

39、the request; After equipment ordering must carry out the preliminary design definite lamps and lanterns, if has the change to carry on the computing complex. Must carry out smallpox, the wall, the ground timber wood in the construction decoration stage, guaranteed that maintains consistent with the

40、rated conditions. But the important project has not done this at present, to causes the project to the later period only then to discover that the degree of illumination is too low or the degree of illumination is too high, creates passively. The popular computer secondary lighting designs imperativ

41、e.The promoted intelligence lighting control system first had the intellectualized concept building since 1983 was completed after the US, the building intellectualization becomes constructs the development now the mainstream technology. But since long, the intelligent illumination in domestic has r

42、eceived the neglect, the overwhelming majority building still continued to use traditional the lighting control way. Some intelligent building uses the building automatic control (BA) system to monitor the illumination, but can only realize the simple region illumination and the time cut-out functio

43、n, is unable to realize adjusts the light, functions and so on scene control realizes the illumination quality enhancement. Speaking of the illumination management system management system, it not only need control the lighting source the illumination time, brightness to coordinate the different app

44、lication situation to make the corresponding light scene, moreover must consider the management intellectualization and will operate the simplification as well as the nimble adaptation illuminates in the future requests and so on layout and control mode change. An outstanding intelligence lighting s

45、ystem may promote the illumination environment the quality, the improvement to enhance the people to work, the study, the life condition and the quality.At present, the lighting control system is generally connects in certain illumination return route by the building automatic control (BA) systems c

46、ontrol electronic contact, through controls these electronic contacts to realize such as the zone control, functions and so on time cut-out, central monitoring. But, this control method has certain limitation: 1) control loop's quantity are generally few, is only the big area zone control. If di

47、vides the return route compares the regulation construction cost to be expensive. 2) the scene usually does not establish the switch, all illumination return route controls the room control through BA, is unable to intervene the illumination condition on the spot, the use is inconvenient. 3) the con

48、trol function is simple, can only realize fixed time, switch's function, if realizes the scene preinstall, the beam control, starts the soft shutdown and so on complex function technology difficulty to be big softly. 4), because the lighting system is not an independent system, therefore, when t

49、he BA system crashes, the lighting system also comes under the influence.Therefore, uses the independent movement in the market the intellectualization lighting system, arises at the historic moment. It has a set of independent controlling agreement, the relative BA system is quite simple, can defin

50、itely satisfy to the lighting control demand, the price also has the competitive power. At present the intelligence lighting control system uses the field bus technology most, has the distributional intelligent control characteristic and openness; Moreover the product has many kinds of connection un

51、its (RS232, ethernet and so on) and the function formidable interface routine, many systems or the software may conveniently with it integration. Therefore, will use the intelligence lighting control system to make the design to be simpler, the installment will be quicker, the use will be more flexi

52、ble, the management will be more convenient.中文翻译低碳照明理念设计 简介：照明设计工程是一门综合学科门类的应用工程，它涉及电工学、光学、环境科学、生物学和照明艺术等。专业照明设计还涉及各专业领域的知识，如道路照明涉及交通科学、体育场馆照明涉及运动科学等，可见照明设计十分复杂。因为复杂，所以照明工程设计的效果在实施之前很难量化，有时侯工程完成之后才发现不满意。关键字： 绿色照明 理念 照明设计 目前国内照明设计一般分成二个阶段完成，建筑设计院完成建设项目的基本照明，一些专业公司承包大型厅堂、场馆及景观照明的设计。设计院的照明设计主要完成了一般空间照明

53、布置、普通灯具选型、照明配电；对照明质量、照明艺术和环境考虑较少。一些专业公司虽然比较好地考虑了照明艺术和环境，由于自身力量不足或考虑的侧重不一样，有时候设计十分片面，如照度不符合标准，照明配电很不合理存在不安全隐患，光源和灯具选型不妥等现象时有发生。要解决好上述问题，应加强专业照明设计队伍的业务建设，提高照明设计质量意识。因此要求照明设计工作者不仅要掌握照明设计的理论，还要了解国内外有关照明技术的新动态，推进绿色照明就是目前照明工程的政策。一、绿色照明的理念 绿色照明是指通过科学的照明设计，采用效率高、寿命长、安全和性能稳定的照明电器产品（电光源、灯用电器附件、灯具、配线器材，以及调光控制器

54、和控光器件），改善提高人们工作、学习、生活的条件和质量，从而创造一个高效、舒适、安全、经济、有益的环境并充分体现现代文明的照明。1991年1月美国环保局（EPA）首先提出实施"绿色照明（Green Lights）"和推进"绿色照明工程（Green Lights Program）"的概念，很快得到联合国的支持和许多发达国家和发展中国家的重视，并积极采取相应的政策和技术措施，推进绿色照明工程的实施和发展。 1993年11月我国国家经贸委开始启动中国绿色照明工程，并于1996年正式列入国家计划。 从以上的理念认识到：1、 照明工程必须实施可持续发展战略，把节约

55、放在首位，提高资源利用效率。因为绿色照明能节约电能，节约电能对保护环境具有重要意义。 建筑照明节能潜力主要包括电光源潜力、灯具潜力以及设计、运行管理等方面的潜力。从理论上讲，照明用电量（L）可用下式表示： LWT*（EAFK）=EATK 其中W-每一台灯具消耗的电功率，KW台； T-开灯时间，h； E-平均设计照度，lx； A-地板面积，m2； F-每台灯具的灯泡流明，lm; K-维护系数； -灯泡的综合效率FW。因此，欲降低照明电耗，必须设法使用高效灯泡、提高灯具的维修率；或者减少开灯时间、保持适当的照度和尽量采用局部照明等。但是，照明节能的原则是在保证足够的照明亮度和质量的前提下节约能源。

56、所以，选择合理照度（E）、高效灯泡流明（F）和提高综合效率（）、加强运行管理等，对于建筑照明节能具有非常重要的意义。绿色照明包含电光源、电器附件、灯具、配线器材，以及调光和控光器件等的合理采用。例如：采用高效节能的电光源,采用高效节能照明灯具, 采用高效节能的灯用电器附件,用节能电感镇流器和电子镇流器取代传统的高能耗电感镇流器。采用各种照明节能的控制设备或器件。绿色照明旨在改善提高人们工作、学习、生活的条件和质量，因此设计人员必须很好领会绿色照明的要求和掌握国家有关照明设计规范使之满足要求。根据绿色照明的理念，在实践照明设计时，以下几个问题应引起人们重视。照明设计是一门艺术在建筑和设计项目中，从高科技建筑到乡土建筑，在空间方面无论是娱乐室还是豪华大宴会厅，照明艺术可将人