主语和谓语的一致

1、主语和谓语的一致.1 .主语和谓语的一致关系：谓语要与主语在人称和数上保持一致：Herdreamshavecometrue.Herdreamhascometrue.Sheoftenarrivesatschoollate.Theyoftenarriveatschoollate.Itisgettingdark.Eggsaregettingscarcer.Iamgettingbored.2 .确定主语单复数的三个原那么：2-1.语法上一致的原那么：Theboyplaysfootballwell.Theboysplayfootballwell.Itisbitterlycold.Iamverycold.

2、2-2.概念上一致的原那么：Myfamilyareallearlyrisers.旨家中的全体成员,有复数含义Hisfamilyhasmovedintothenewhouse.指整个家,用作单数Fiveminutesisenough.b个时间段,看作单数Thecrewarewaitingforinstructionsfromthecaptain.6旨全体ffiM,复数2-3.邻近词一致的原那么：Neitherhenortheyarewhollyright.NeitherTomnortheBrownsenjoytheirjourneytoBeijingowingtothebadweather.Ei

3、theryourkeyormykeyismissing.Notonlybutalsotheirteacherhasparticipatedintheparty.HeorIaminthewrong.-whatsworthvisitingthere?-well,thereSthepark,thecastleandthemuseum.3.主谓一致的具体原那么：3-1.根据语法一致的原那么确定谓语形式：单数主语+单数谓语；复数主语+复数谓语Theteacherencouragesthestudentstospeakfreely.Mywagesarelow,butmetaxesarehigh.Their

4、househasnineroom.Italwayspaystogiveyourpaperonefinalcheck.在主语+系词+表语结构中,系动词要与主语的数保持一致,不受其表语的影响.Theirgreatestconcernisthechildren.Themostappreciatedgiftwastheclothesthatyousentus.Whatweneedmostisbooks.Paulisfriendswithbill.在单数名词(主语)+(together)with+名词结构中谓语只与主语保持一致,这是由于上述短语只起修饰主语的作用,而非主语的一局部.短语：Alongwit

5、h,aswellas,inadditionto,accompaniedby,ratherthan,asmuchas,nolessthan,including,besides,except,but,like.Thefactorywithallitsequipmenthasbeenburnt.YouaswellasIarewrong.Themanager,alongwithhissecretariesjsgoingtoadinnerpartytonight.Anexpert,togetherwithsomeassistants,_wassenttohelpinthiswork.Theteacher

6、,asmuchastheparents,istoblamefortheaccident.Mr.Robbins,accompaniedbyhiswifeJsarrivingtonight.3-2主语含有and时的谓语形式：单数名词+and+单数名词作主语,谓语动词用复数.Reading,writingandarithmeticarecalledthethreeRs.JoeandBobaresmart.HeandIaregoodfriends.Thepoetandthenovelistwerebothpresentatthemeeting.如果由and所连接的并列主语指的是同一个人或物事,谓语动词

7、用单数.Thestatesmanandpoetwasengagedinwarfareallhislife.Ateacherandnovelistisgoingtomakeaspeechinthehall.A/The+单数名词人+and+单数名词人+单数谓语指同一个人身兼两种职务.A/The+单数名词人+and+a/the+单数名词+复数谓语指不同职务的两个人.Theconductorandcomposerwasgreetedbyacrowdofpeople.Theconductorandthecomposerweregreetedbyacrowdofpeople.一下已被看成一个整体,因而做主

8、语时,谓语动词用单数.Knifeandfork,needleandthread,acupandsaucer,ahorseandcarriage,trialanderror,lawandorder,etc.Lawandorderhasbeenestablished.Breadandbuttersourdailyfood.Fishandchipsisapopularfastfood.ThestarsandstripesisthenatioanlflagofUSA.Thesumandsubstanceofthespeechwasantiwar.主语为every/each+单数名词+and+(ever

9、y/each+)单数名词时,谓语用单数.Everyman,woman,andchildneedslove.EachboyandgirLwosgivenabook.Eachbookandeachpapersheldinplace.EveryminuteandeverysecondJsprecious.主语为形容词+and+形容词+不可数名词或复数可数名词：并且是涉及到该名词的品种或类别时,谓语动词用复数.Chineseandbritishbeerareservedatthepub.Coolingdraftbeer_isservedatthepub.Cleveranddullstudentsare

10、treatedalike.Thereisablackandwhitepictureonthewall.当bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时,谓语动词用复数.Bothhisbrotherandsisteraremarried.Bothwhalesanddolphinsaremammals.3-3根据邻近词一致的原那么确定谓语形式：用or连接两个名代词作主语时,依据邻近原那么确定谓语形式.GeorgeorTomjswanted.GeorgeorIamwrong.Wereyouorhethere?用eitheror连接连个名代词作主语时,邻近原那么.EitherJohnorhisfriendsa

11、retoblameforthebadresults.Eithertheshirtsorthesweaterjsagoodbuy.Notonlybutalso；notbut连接两个名代词作主语时,邻近原那么.NotonlyMarybutalsoJohnwasinvitedtotheparty.Notthestudentsbuttheirteacherjs_invitedtotheparty.3-4谓语用单数形式的情况：动名词,动词不定式或主语从句作主语.Reasingisagreatpleasureinlife.Tolivemeanstocreat.Thatweneedmoretimejsobv

12、ious.数词或数词+复数名词表示时间,距离,金额,重量,大小,体积等作主语.EighthoursofsleepJsenough.Fiveisanoddnumber.Ahundredmilesjsquiteadrive,isriit?Fivetonsisaheavyload.Tendollarsistoomuchtopayforthatshirt.复数形式的专有名词作主语.ThePhilippinesconsistsofmorethan7,000islands.TheUnitedNationshasitsheadquartersinNewYorkCity.TheTimeshasalargeci

13、rculation.manya/morethanone+单数名词作主语.Manyalittlemakesamickle.Manyashiphasbeenwreckedonthoserocks.Morethanongrammaticalmistakeswasfoundinhiscomposition.表示群意义的词组,如：aflockofbirds,apackofdogs,aprideoflions,aherdofcattle,aschooloffish作主语.Aflockofbirdsjscirclingoverhead.Theherdofcattlejsbreakingaway.3-5谓语用

14、复数形式的情况：trousers,pants,pyjamas,shorts,pliers,scissors,pincer,tongs,glasses,spectacles,tights,compasses等;一般都用复数形式,但当这些词前面有单数量词时,谓语动词常用单数形式.Wherearemyscissors?Thereisapairofscissorsonthetable.有些集合名词作主语时,要用复数形式的谓语.Sheep,Cattle,Police,Poultry,militia,peopled；Cattlefeedongrass.Thepolicearelookingintothem

15、atter.“everal/(a)few/both/many+(of+)复数可数名词或上述词单独用作主语时,谓语用复数形式.Severalofyou_needtoworkharder.Severalhavealreadywrittentome.3-6谓语用单复数皆可的情况：有些名词形式上是复数,但做主语,谓语多用单数,也可以用复数形式.Means,works,tidings,headquarter等；Thefirmsheadquartersare/isinLondon.Thegoodtidingcome/comestoolate.Thereis/arenomeansoffindingoutwh

16、athappened.Thesteelworksis/areclosedfortheholiday.数词组成的数学算式作主语,谓语单复亦可:Twoandthreeis/arefive.Twicetwomake/makesfour.一些复数形式疾病名称作主语,通常用单数,复数也可以.Themeaslesisaninfectious川ness.Mumpsis/arefairlyrareinadults.3-7不定代词作主语时的谓语形式：由any,some,no,every与body,one,thing构成的不定代词作主语或主语的部分,谓语用单数.Somebody,anyone,nothing,ev

17、eryone1;Everybodyisdoinghisbest.Thereisnothingyoucandotohelp.Theressomethinginterestinginthenewspaper.each,each+单数可数名词；eachof+复数名词作主语时,谓语用单数形式.Eacharrivesontime.Eachofthebuildingblocksispaintedadifferentcolour.Eachboyhastriedtwice.Each位于复数主语之后,不影响主语的数,e.g.Theboyseachhaveanapple.Either,neither作主语或主语一

18、局部时,谓语用单数形式：Eitherisacceptable.Eitheroneisgoodenoughforme.Is/areeitherofthemadoctor?Neitheris/aretoblame.Neitheransweriscorrect.Neitherofuswants/wanttodoit.注意,neither,eitherof和neitherof等用于否认或疑问句时,特别在口语中,也可以跟复数谓语.All,some,more,most作主语或主语一局部时上述+不可数名词作主语,谓语用单数；上述+复数可数名词作主语,谓语用复数形式；Allhopehasgone.Somemo

19、neywasspentonbooks.AllroadsleadtoRome.MostArabicspeakersunderstandEgyptian.Allisgoingwell.Theressomeinthepot.Themostyoucanhopeforisfivedollars.Allareagreedonthispoint.Somearewiseandsomeareotherwise.Manypeoplesupporttheproposal,butmoreareagainstit.All,some,more,most与of连用时:同样原那么；Allofthisisyours.Someo

20、fthebookisgood.Someofthefoodhasbeeneaten,butnotallofit.Mostofhiswritingisrubbish.MostofthebooksonthatshelfareinEnglish,andtherestareinRussianorFrench.None作主语或主语一局部时：-Isthereanymilkinthecup?-No,thereisnone.Nonehavearrived.Nonehasreturnedfromthemeeting.“loneof+名词作主语：Noneofusisperfect.Noneoftheguestswa

21、nttostay.Noneofthismoneyisyours.Noneofthesesuggestionsis/areveryhelpful.Any用作主语或主语一局部：Anyisbetterthannone.Anyisgoodenoughforme.Givemesomeifthereare/isany.Ifthereisanytrouble,letmeknow.Anychildwantstoknowthat.Therearescarcelyanyflowersinthegarden.Anyoftheseauthoritiesare/isreliable.Idontthinkanyofusw

22、ant/wantstoworktomorrow.Isthereanymoreofthisstuff?Half用作主语或主语一局部：Halfwasdamaged.Halfarehere.Ibrokethechocolateintohalves,andheresyourhalf.Halfhistimewaswasted.Halfthesoldierswerekilled.Halfmyclasshas/haveobtaineddriverslicenses.Halfoftheapplewasrotten.Halfofthetimewasspentinthecountry.Halfofthefruit

23、isbad.Halfofmyclasshas/haveobtaineddriverslicenses.Halfofthemarehere.Halfoftheplumsarebad.Enough作主语或主语的一局部：Enoughhasbeensaidonthismatter.Enoughareheretoconstituteaquorum.Thereisenoughfoodforeverybody.Thereareenoughplayersforagame.3-8表示数量的短语作主语时的谓语形式：Alotof,lotsof,plentyof,thepercentageof,分数词+of,aqua

24、ntityof,quantitiesof作主语的一局部时：Two-fifthsofthemoneyismine.Two-fifthsofthestudentsintheclassarefromArabic-speakingcountries.Therewasquantitiesofrainthisfall.Lotsofmyfriendsarehere.Therewereaquantityofpeopleinthehall.Agreatdealof,anamountof,(a)littleof,muchof与不可数名词连用时,谓语用单数：Muchofthatfurnitureisuncomfor

25、table.Littleoftheequipmentwasstandardized.Thereisalimitedamountofoilintheworld.Agoodmany,agreatmany,anumberof与复数可数名词连用,谓语用复数.Therewereagreat(good)manypeopleinthepark.Anumberofstudentswereabsent.thenumberof+复数名词+单数谓语,由于thenumberof的词义为“的数目,如thenumberofdaysinaweekisseven.3-9therebe句型中的谓语形式：Therebe句型中,b

26、e的形式通常取决于be后的主语的数；Therearentanylettersinthemailforyoutoday.Thereisntanymailforyoutoday.ThereYesomegoodprogramsonTV.非正式英语中,如果therebe后是由and连接的并列主语,可以用复数谓语,也可以依据邻近词一致的原那么来确定谓语形式.Thereareabluepenandayellownotebookonherdesk.Thereisabluepenandayellownotebookonherdesk.3-10需经判断来确定句子的谓语形式：1 .集合名词作主语如果集合名词被看作

27、是一个整体,或一个组织,谓语动词用单数形式Thegraduatingclassisinthelaboratory.Theaudiencewasrathersmall.Ateamwhichisfullofenthusiasmismorelikelytowin.如果着重其各组成局部或成员的行动,谓语用复数形式.Theclasswereallcheerful.Theaudiencewereexcitedbyhisspeech.Theteamweretalkingoversomenewplays.常用集合名词：Army,audience,club,class,committee,crew,faculty,troop,group,organization,government,jury,public,school,staff,team等；2 .物主代词作主语Mineisanewbike.Theirsareoldbikes.3 .the+形容词作主语指人时,谓语用复数Therichgetricherandthep