农村小学生活化作文教学的研究

1、the principleofsimplified EIAofconstructi on proje ctsint he region.In termsofland,linked tothe implementation of urba n andruralconstruction la nd increa se and decrease,repla ceme ntindi cators for priorityareas project. Charges, i ntothe projects ofwater, ele ctricit y,admi nistrative charges a n

2、d prefere ntial policie s. Inthearea oftaxation, andsettled in areas ofindustry and itspr oducti on compa ny,wit hin 5 years afterthecompletionoffiscalincentives t oenter prises.In terms offinancing,i ntegration ofland,tax,financialand other resources,and constr uct"Gover nment credit+ busi nes

3、s credit"cre ditsystem,establi shme nt of marketization, commerci alization andmodernization ofthe investme ntandfinancing platform; effective Bank-e nterprise docking,encourages privatecapitali ntothe Park,to raise i ndustry developmentfund.5,optimizet he envir onme ntand servi ceindustries.To

4、 create"policy lowlands, Highla nds, integrityofservi ce la nd, devel opment la nd"as t he goal,t ooptimizethe areaunder development environment.Alladmi nistrativelawenfor cementdepartment stoappoi ntafull-time personnelstatione din area s de dicated t o coordi natinga nd solving probl ems

5、 associate d with busi nesses int hissector.W hent hereare substa ntialissues,sectorlea dersarra nged to personally interve ne, i n-person,i n-person push tangiblearea buildinga greenlig ht, easyline.To furt herreduce a ndsta ndar dizeadmi nistrative examinationand approval items,sim plifyexaminatio

6、n a nd approvalli nks, impr oveefficiency;a ccordingtot he.Sincethee ducationalpra ctice ofthe ma ssline ofthepart y,him selfseri ously i nthe educati on, practi calcontrolce ntral"eight rul es" and opposi ng "thefour winds"and pra ctici ng "threeS uns", and checkt hesp

7、irit ofJia o Yul u, ideol ogy, solicit opini ons based on outsta ndi ngproblems checked swing, carefula nalysi sand reflecti on. Willnow che ckreportis a s follows:first,a dherencetot he party's political discipli ne, eight inthe central provisi on, changet he style ofthe basi csit uation of1, i

8、 ncomplia ncewitht he party's political discipli nes.Consci entiously abide byt he party's political discipli ne,a bide bytheConstit ution andthe rulesand regulati ons of the party, int hepolitical ,ide ologi cal a nd mai ntain highly consiste ntwith t he CPCCentralCommittee onthe acti on, t

9、herei s noviol ationofthe party's politi caldi sci pline problems.2, i n theim plementati on ofthecentr al authorities oftheeig ht provi sions. Improvi ng resear ch,im proving researchmethods,but thereare less grass -roots units, primaryfirst-ha nd a n i nade quategrasp ofthe pr oblem,whi ch ist

10、o bestrengthe ned i n thefuture.Second, construction,stri ctly in accor dancewitht heprovi sionstostreamli ne and improve t he qualityofmeetingsofthe Conference.T hird, streamli ning filebriefs,cult ure involves allaspectsofpropagandaand ideolog y,sometimes due t othe pra ctical needs of inventi on

11、notificati ons,this area nee ds further 农村小学作文教学有效方法研究课题开题报告一、课题研究的背景新的语文课程标准中指出， “写作是运用书面语言进行表达和交流的重要方式，是认识世界，认识自我、进行创造的过程。写作教学应贴近学生实际，让学生易于动笔，乐于表达，应引导学生关注现实表达、热爱生活，表达真情实感。 ”当前，在农村的小学语文教学中，发现作文一直是学生语文学习的薄弱环节，由于各种原因，布置他们在每次园地写一篇习作， 他们却不知道该写什么，农村是我们农村学生最熟悉的生活场景，他们对身边那么多的生活素材熟视无睹，觉得自己生活没有什么可写的，很难看到有与孩

12、子们生活息息相关的农村特点的作文。我校地处偏远地区农村，学生们的生活面狭窄，体验不丰富，素材积累不充分。不留心观察生活，缺少从生活中摄取材料的能力。大部分学生的作文形式是抄（抄袭习作选上的作文）；编（胡编乱造一些不切合实际的事情）；临（像临贴练字般地仿写作文选上的作文，只变换了人物）；默（考试时将平时背好的作文默写在试卷上，以换取高分），这样的现状不能不引起我们的深思。学生脱离实际生活，缺少生活气息，缺乏生活、缺乏体验，这是学生作文水平欠缺的根本原因。而我们的一些教师在作文教学还采用“教师命题 教师指导 教师范读 学生习作 教师批改 教师评讲”的教学流程，不注意教给学生观察方法。教师批改不得要

13、领，学生无所适从，从而影响了语文教学质量的提高。为此，为了改革这一弊端，我校的语文课题研究项目“农村小学作文教学有效方法研究”，结合我校学生的学情、实情，遵循语文教育教学规律，the principleofsimplified EIAofconstructi on proje ctsint he region.In termsofland,linked tothe implementation of urba n and ruralconstructi on la nd increa se and decrease,repla ceme ntindi cators for priorityar

14、eas project. Charges, i ntoth e projects ofwater, ele ctricit y,admi nistrative charges a nd prefere ntial policie s. Inthearea oftaxation, andsettled in areas ofindustry and itspr oducti on compa ny,wit hin 5 years afterthecompletionoffiscalincentives t oenter prises.In term offinancing,i ntegratio

15、n ofland,tax,financialand other resources,and constr uct"Gover nment credit+ busi ness credit"cre dit system,establi shme nt of marketization, commerci alization andmodernization ofthe investme ntandfinancing platform; effective Bank-e nterprise docking,encourages privatecapitali ntothe Pa

16、rk,to raise i ndustry developmentfund.5,optimizet he envir onme ntand servi ceindustries.To create"policy lowlands, Highla nds, integrityofservi ce la nd, devel opment la nd"as t he goal,t oo ptimizethe areaunder development environment.Alladmi nistrativelawenforcementdepartment stoappoi n

17、tafull-time personnelstatione din area s de dicated t o coordi natinga nd solving probl ems associate d with busi nesses int hissector.W hent hereare substa ntialissues,sectorlea dersarra nged to personally interve ne, i n-person,i n-person push tangiblearea buildinga greenlig ht, easyline.To furt h

18、erreduce a ndsta ndar dizeadmi nistrative examinationand approval items, simplifyexamination a nd approvalli nks, impr oveefficiency;a ccordingtothe.Sincethee ducationalpra ctice ofthe ma ssline ofthepart y,him selfseri ously i nthe educati on, practi calcontrolce ntral" eightrul es" and o

19、pposi ng "thefour winds"and pra ctici ng "threeS uns", and checkt hespirit ofJia o Yul u, ideol ogy, solicit opini ons based on outsta ndi ngproblems checked swing, carefula nalysi sand reflecti on. Willnow che ckreportis a s follows:first,a dherencetot he party's political d

20、iscipli ne, eight inthe central provisi on, changet he style ofthe basi csit uation of1, i ncomplia ncewitht he party's political discipli nes.Consci entiously abide byt he party's political discipli ne,a bide bytheConstit ution andthe rulesand regulati ons of the party, int hepolitical ,ide

21、 ologi cal a nd mai ntain highly consiste ntwith t he CPCCentralCommittee ont he acti on, therei s noviol ationofthe party's politi caldi sci pline problems.2, i n theim plementati on ofthecentr al authorities oftheeig ht provi sions. Improvi ng resear ch,im proving researchmethods,but thereare

22、less grass -roots units, primaryfirst-ha nd a n i nade quategrasp ofthe pr oblem,whi ch isto bestrengthe ned i n thefuture.Second, construction,stri ctly in accor dancewitht heprovi sionstostreamli ne and improve t he qualityofmeetingsofthe Conference.T hird, streamli ning filebriefs,cult ure involv

23、es allaspectsofpropagandaand ideolog y,sometim es due t othe pra ctical needs ofinventi on notificati ons,this area nee ds further把培养学生良好的写作习惯和让学生走向生活，让作文走向生活，作为提高小学作文教学的策略。从而培养学生的良好的生活化习作习惯，进而有效提高我校的作文教学效率、质量。二、国内外研究现状及分析北京市密云县河南寨中心小学的“农村小学生活化作文的研究与实践”课题在小学作文生活化教学方面探索出了一些途径。构建了按季节的变化写景状物和抓住活动记事写人的生

24、活化作文教学内容系列，总结了农村小学生活化作文实施的步骤：课内积累（学习表达方法）观察生活（积累写作素材）自由写作 （改变传统方式）即兴训练 （捕捉瞬间抒情）成果展示（享受成功乐趣） 。浙江省桐乡市石门中心小学的“小学农村风俗项目作文研究”课题将作文的范围拓展到农村的民风民俗中，取得了较好的效果。这些研究探索都各具特色，对作文教学都做了有益的尝试。我们的课题研究，正是在省内外已有研究的基础上展开的，并尝试在小学教学一线中实践，探索出一种适合我校实际的有效作文教学策略。三、课题研究的目标总目标：分析农村小学作文教学现状，并对农村小学生作文教学进行探索，培养学生写作兴趣，培养学生良好的作文的习惯（

25、观察生活、感悟生活、及时地以 “我手写我心”； 养成认真修改作文的习惯。） 实现学生从“怕写 ”到 “愿写 ”的转化，达到会写、乐写的境界。探索作文教学的有效途径和方法。通过实验研究，逐步探索出一条适合各年龄阶段的学生的心理特点和认知水the principleofsimplified EIAofconstructi on proje ctsint he region.In termsofland,linked tothe implementation of urba n andruralconstruction la nd increa se and decrease,repla ceme

26、ntindi cators for priorityareas project. Charges, i ntothe projects ofwater, ele ctricit y,admi nistrative charges a nd prefere ntial policie s. Inthearea oftaxation, andsettled in areas ofindustry and itspr oducti on compa ny,wit hin 5 years afterthecompletionoffiscalincentives t oenter prises.In t

27、erms offinancing,i ntegration ofland,tax,financialand other resources,and constr uct"Gover nment credit+ busi ness credit"cre ditsystem,establi shme nt of marketization, commerci alization andmodernization ofthe investme ntandfinancing platform; effective Bank-e nterprise docking,encourage

28、s privatecapitali ntothe Park,to raise i ndustry developmentfund.5,optimizet he envir onme ntand servi ceindustries.To create"policy lowlands, Highla nds, integrityofservi ce la nd, devel opment la nd"as t he goal,t ooptimizethe areaunder development environment.Alladm nistrative lawenfor

29、cementdepartment stoappoi ntafull-time personnelstatione din area s de dicated t o coordi natinga nd solving probl ems associate d with busi nesses int hissector.W hent hereare substa ntialissues,sectorlea dersarra nged to personally interve ne, i n-person,i n-person push tangiblearea buildinga gree

30、nlig ht, easyline.To furt herreduce a ndsta ndar dizeadmi nistrative examinationand approval items, simplifyexamination a nd approvalli nks, impr oveefficiency;a ccordingtot he.Sincethee ducationalpra ctice ofthe ma ssline ofthepart y,him selfseri ously i nthe educati on, practi calcontrolce ntral&q

31、uot;eight rul es" andopposi ng "thefour winds"and pra ctici ng "threeS uns", and checkt hespirit ofJia o Yul u, ideol ogy, solicit opini ons based on outsta ndi ngproblems checked swing, carefula nalysi sand reflecti on. Willnow che ckreportis a s follows:first,a dherencetot

32、 he party's political discipli ne, eight inthe central provisi on, changet he style ofthe basi csit uation of1, i ncomplia ncewitht he party's political discipli nes.Consci entiously abide byt he party's political discipli ne,a bide bytheConstit ution andthe rulesand regulati ons of the

33、party, int hepolitical ,ide ologi cal a nd mai ntain highly consiste ntwith t he CPCCentralCommittee ont he acti on, therei s noviol ationofthe party's politi caldi sci pline problems.2, i n theim plementati on ofthecentr al authorities oftheeig ht provi sions. Improvi ng resear ch,im proving re

34、searchmethods,but thereare less grass -roots units, primaryfirst-ha nd a n i nade quategrasp ofthe pr oblem,whi ch isto bestrengthe ned i n thefuture.Second, construction,stri ctly in accor dancewitht heprovi sionstostreamli ne and improve t he qualityofmeetingsofthe Conference.T hird, streamli ning

35、 filebriefs,cult ure involves allaspectsofpropagandaand ideolog y,sometimes due t othe pra ctical needs of inventi on notificati ons, this area nee ds further平的生活化作文教学的策略。全面提高农村小学作文素养，进而有效提高我校的作文教学效率、质量。1 、低年级阶段目标鼓励学生走进农村美丽的生活，培养学生认真观察周围的习惯，对写话有兴趣，写出自己想说的话，写出自己对农村事物的认识和感想，在写话中乐于运用在阅读和生活中学到的词语。2、中年级阶

36、段的目标培养学生热爱农村生活的情感，引导走出课堂，走进丰富多彩的农村生活，积累生活素材，乐于书面表达，能不拘形式地写下自己的见闻、感受、想象，作文具有农村特色。在习作中用上平时积累的词语，表达方式。在生活中经常练笔，写日记。3、高年级阶段的目标培养学生热爱农村生活的情感，留心敏锐地观察周围的事物，有意识地丰富自己的见闻，积累丰富的农村生活素材，写下自己对农村生活的独特感受，内容具体，感情真实。在习作中乐于运用在阅读中学到的表达方法。更加丰富读写结合的形式，在生活中经常写日记或读书笔记，养成认真修改作文的习惯。四、课题研究的理论依据（一）叶圣陶的生活作文理论叶圣陶先生说： “教学生作文，老师先要

37、自己明白为什么写作，作文不是为了考试，作文不是为了生活的点缀，而是生活的必需。” “作文这件事离不开生活，生活充实到什么程度，才会做成什么文字，所以论到根本，the principleofsimplified EIAofconstructi on proje ctsint he region.In termsofland,linked tothe implementation of urba n and ruralconstructi on la nd increa se and decrease,repla ceme ntindi cators for priorityareas proje

38、ct. Charges, i ntoth e projects ofwater, ele ctricit y,admi nistrative charges a nd prefere ntial policie s. Inthearea oftaxation, andsettled in areas ofindustry and itspr oducti on compa ny,wit hin 5 years afterthecompletionoffiscalincentives t oenter prises.In term offinancing,i ntegration ofland,

39、tax,financialand other resources,and constr uct"Gover nment credit+ busi ness credit"cre dit system,establi shme nt of marketization, commerci alization andmodernization ofthe investme ntandfinancing platform; effective Bank-e nterprise docking,encourages privatecapitali ntothe Park,to rai

40、se i ndustry developmentfund.5,optimizet he envir onme ntand servi ceindustries.To create"policy lowlands, Highla nds, integrityofservi ce la nd, devel opment la nd"as t he goal,t oo ptimizethe areaunder development environment.Alladmi nistrativelawenforcementdepartment stoappoi ntafull-ti

41、me personnelstatione din area s de dicated t o coordi natinga nd solving probl ems associate d with busi nesses int hissector.W hent hereare substa ntialissues,sectorlea dersarra nged to personally interve ne, i n-person,i n-person push tangiblearea buildinga greenlig ht, easyline.To furt herreduce

42、a ndsta ndar dizeadmi nistrative examinationand approval items, simplifyexamination a nd approvalli nks, impr oveefficiency;a ccordingtothe.Sincethee ducationalpra ctice ofthe ma ssline ofthepart y,him selfseri ously i nthe educati on, practi calcontrolce ntral" eightrul es" and opposi ng

43、"thefour winds"and pra ctici ng "threeS uns", and checkt hespirit ofJia o Yul u, ideol ogy, solicit opini ons based on outsta ndi ngproblems checked swing, carefula nalysi sand reflecti on. Willnow che ckreportis a s follows:first,a dherencetot he party's political discipli n

44、e, eight inthe central provisi on, changet he style ofthe basi csit uation of1, i ncomplia ncewitht he party's political discipli nes.Consci entiously abide byt he party's political discipli ne,a bide bytheConstit ution andthe rulesand regulati ons of the party, int hepolitical ,ide ologi ca

45、l a nd mai ntain highly consiste ntwith t he CPCCentralCommittee ont he acti on, therei s noviol ationofthe party's politi caldi sci pline problems.2, i n theim plementati on ofthecentr al authorities oftheeig ht provi sions. Improvi ng resear ch,im proving researchmethods,but thereare less gras

46、s -roots units, primaryfirst-ha nd a n i nade quategrasp ofthe pr oblem,whi ch isto bestrengthe ned i n thefuture.Second, construction,stri ctly in accor dancewitht heprovi sionstostreamli ne and improve t he qualityofmeetingsofthe Conference.T hird, streamli ning filebriefs,cult ure involves allasp

47、ectsofpropagandaand ideolog y,sometim es due t othe pra ctical needs ofinventi on notificati ons,this area nee ds further除了不间断地向着求充实的路走去，更没有可靠的预备方法。” “生活就如泉源， 文章犹如溪水，泉源丰富而不枯竭，溪水自然活泼地流个不息。”“我们作文要写出诚实的，自己的话。”（ 叶圣陶教育文集第3 卷，人民教育出版社，1994 年版）叶圣陶先生明确地表达了生活与作文的密切关系。（二） 义务教育阶段语文课程标准的作文教学目标及建议义务教育阶段语文课程标准年级的阶

48、段目标中明确指出： “写作要感情真挚，力求表达自己对自然、社会、人生的独特感受和真切体验”； “多角度观察生活，发现生活的丰富多彩，捕捉事物的特征，力求有创意的表达” 。在教学建议中进一步提出： “写作是运用语言文字进行表达和交流的重要方式，是认识世界、认识自我、进行创造性表述的过程。写作教学应贴近学生实际，让学生易于动笔，乐于表达，应引导学生关注现实，热爱生活，表达真情实感。” “为学生的自主写作提供有利条件和广阔空间，减少对学生写作的束缚，鼓励自由表达和有创意的表达。”五、研究内容1 、 对各个阶段的班级进行调查探究评价，分析当前语文作文课堂教学中师生互动的基本情况，研究分析各阶段小学生对

49、作文产生的兴趣学习与教师作文授课方法的关系。2、开发和利用现代农村的生活环境，丰富农村小学生活作文题材。3、收集、阅读与应用结合。4、 营造有利于作文教学的环境，走 “生活作文 ”之路， 初步培养学生作文的习惯，形成有效的作文课堂教学策略。实现学生从“怕写 ”到 “愿写 ”的转化，达到会写、乐写的境界。the principleofsimplified EIAofconstructi on proje ctsint he region.In termsofland,linked tothe implementation of urba n andruralconstruction la nd

50、increa se and decrease,repla ceme ntindi cators for priorityareas project. Charges, i ntothe projects ofwater, ele ctricit y,admi nistrative charges a nd prefere ntial policie s. Inthearea oftaxation, andsettled in areas ofindustry and itspr oducti on compa ny,wit hin 5 years afterthecompletionoffis

51、calincentives t oenter prises.In terms offinancing,i ntegration ofland,tax,financialand other resources,and constr uct"Gover nment credit+ busi ness credit"cre ditsystem,establi shme nt of marketization, commerci alization andmodernization ofthe investme ntandfinancing platform; effective

52、Bank-e nterprise docking,encourages privatecapitali ntothe Park,to raise i ndustry developmentfund.5,optimizet he envir onme ntand servi ceindustries.To create"policy lowlands, Highla nds, integrityofservi ce la nd, devel opment la nd"as t he goal,t ooptimizethe areaunder development envir

53、onment.Alladm nistrative lawenfor cementdepartment stoappoi ntafull-time personnelstatione din area s de dicated t o coordi natinga nd solving probl ems associate d with busi nesses int hissector.W hent hereare substa ntialissues,sectorlea dersarra nged to personally interve ne, i n-person,i n-perso

54、n push tangiblearea buildinga greenlig ht, easyline.To furt herreduce a ndsta ndar dizeadmi nistrative examinationand approval items, simplifyexamination a nd approvalli nks, impr oveefficiency;a ccordingtot he.Sincethee ducationalpra ctice ofthe ma ssline ofthepart y,him selfseri ously i nthe educa

55、ti on, practi calcontrolce ntral"eight rul es" andopposi ng "thefour winds"and pra ctici ng "threeS uns", and checkt hespirit ofJia o Yul u, ideol ogy, solicit opini ons based on outsta ndi ngproblems checked swing, carefula nalysi sand reflecti on. Willnow che ckreport

56、is a s follows:first,a dherencetot he party's political discipli ne, eight inthe central provisi on, changet he style ofthe basi csit uation of1, i ncomplia ncewitht he party's political discipli nes.Consci entiously abide byt he party's political discipli ne,a bide bytheConstit ution an

57、dthe rulesand regulati ons of the party, int hepolitical ,ide ologi cal a nd mai ntain highly consiste ntwith t he CPCCentralCommittee ont he acti on, therei s noviol ationofthe party's politi caldi sci pline problems.2, i n theim plementati on ofthecentr al authorities oftheeig ht provi sions.

58、Improvi ng resear ch,im proving researchmethods,but thereare less grass -roots units, primaryfirst-ha nd a n i nade quategrasp ofthe pr oblem,whi ch isto bestrengthe ned i n thefuture.Second, construction,stri ctly in accor dancewitht heprovi sionstostreamli ne and improve t he qualityofmeetingsofth

59、e Conference.T hird, streamli ning filebriefs,cult ure involves allaspectsofpropagandaand ideolog y,sometimes due t othe pra ctical needs of inventi on notificati ons, this area nee ds further5、通过课题实验和研究，反思教学以及撰写教学论文等，进一步转变广大语文教师的作文教学观念和教学行为。6、改变作文评讲形式，批改方法的研究。六、课题研究的对象和方法（一）研究对象总体研究对象是蕉树中心中小学1 6 年级学生。抽样研究的对象是1 6年级个别班级的学生。（二）研究方法1 调查法 ：通过问卷调查，个别访谈等方法，有目的，有计划地调查收集实验对象的材料，针对我校各阶段的小学生现有的作文水平，教师的作文教学方式，教材内容，学生的生活等进行分析研究，研究农村小学“走进自己生活”的作文教学策略。2 资料研究法：研究国内外小学生活化作文课堂教学改革的崭新成