英国文学赏析整理

1、AlexanderPopeAnEssayonMan(knowthenthyself)Thepoemiswritteniniambictetrameter,everytwolinehavethesamethymeatthelastword.Thepoemisimportantinthesensethatitembodiesthe18thcenturyconceptsoftheuniverseandman'spitecethatismanismadeintheshapeofGod,andoccupiesamiddlepositionintheGreatChainofBeing.Asthep

2、oetsayssometimeswehavetoomuchknowledgeandfeelsuspectabouteverything,butsometimeswehavetoomuchweaknessandcannotbeasprideasStotic,sometimesweseemtohavethepowertoruleallthingsbutsometimesweseempreytoall.Weareinthemiddleplaceandsometimesweareconfusedaboutwhethertoactorrest.Thepoetperfectlydescribesmanab

3、outourselvesandabouttheworld.AlthoughPopeisneverprofoundinthoughtbutheisveryadaptinvoicingtheideaofhiscontemporariesinabeautifulandcleverway.RobertBurnsARed,Red,RoseThemetricalpatternofthepoemisbasicallyintheballadform,i.e.eachstanzaconsistingoffourlines,withfourstressedsyllablesintheodd-numberedlin

4、esandthreestressedsyllablesintheeven-numberedlines,andwithrhymesoccurringontheeven-numberedlines.Theimageofroseevokestraditionalassociationsofbeauty,loveandromance.Itssimplelyricsandstraightformandexpressionoffeelingmakeitafavoritechoiceforpoetryanthologiesandamostappreciatedpoemforreaders.Incorpora

5、tingvariouselementsfromfolksongs,thepoemissupposedtobeasongsungbyanIrishsailortohissweetheartbeforehisshipsailedofftosea,theexaggerateddeclarationofloveseasaregonedryandtilltherockmelts"canremindusofawellknownChineseoath.Thereisnotearfulparting.Butdeterminedhopeofreunion:thesailorwillcomebackto

6、hissweetheart“thoughitweretenthousandmiles.”WilliamBlakeTheLameThepoemiswritteninrhymingcoupletswithalternatingiambicandanapesticfeet.it'soneofthepoemsthatcollectedinSongsofInnocencewhichexpressthepoet'delightinlife,eveninthefaceofsorrowandsuffering.Thepoemisachildsong,intheformofaquestionan

7、danswer.Thefirststanzaisruralanddescriptive,whilethesecondfocusesonabstractspiritualmattersandcontainsexplanationandanalogy.Thechild'squestionisbothna?veandprofound."whom<thee”isasimplequestion,butthechildisalsotappingintothedeepandtimelessquestionsthatallhumanbeingshave,abouttheirownori

8、ginsandthenatureofcreation.Thesituationofachildtalkingtoananimalisabelievableone.Yetbyansweringhisownquestionthechildcovertsitintoarhetoricalone,thuscounteractiontheinitialspontaneoussenseofthepoem,andalsorevealshisconfidenceinhissimpleChristianfaithandhisinnocentacceptanceofitsteachings.Thelambsymb

9、olizesJesus,asJesushasatraditionalimageasalamb.TheimageofthechildisalsoassociatedwithJesus:intheGospel,Jesusdisplaysaspecialconcernforchildren.Thispoem,likemanyofthepoemsinSongsofInnocence,acceptsthatBlakesawasthemostpositiveaspectsofconventionalChristianbelief.WilliamWordsworthIwanderedlonelyasaclo

10、ud妈步抑扬）Theformofthepoem:itconsistsoffoursix-linestanzasfollowingtherhymescheme:ababcc.Eachlineismetered!（步）iniambictetrameter.Oneofthethemesofthepoemisaboutthesoothingeffectofmemoriesonhumanthoughts,asweknowthesongwaswritten2yearslaterwhenWordsworthsawtheflowers,somemoriesarereallyimportant.It's

11、atypicalpoemofRomanticism;itincorporatestheideasandaspectsthatareessentialinromanticpoetry.Thissimplepoemalsorevisitsthefamiliarsubjectoftheunitybetweenhumanandnatureinasimplestyleandmusicaleloquence.Thepoem'smainbrillianceliesinthereversepersonificationinitsearlystanzas.Thespeakerismetaphorical

12、lycomparedtoanaturalsubjectacloud,andthedaffodilsarecontinuallypersonifiedashumanbeings,dancingandtossingtheirheads.Thistechniqueisaveryeffectivemethodforinstillinginthereaderthesimilarfeeling,bywhichwordsworthimpliesaninherentunitybetweenmanandnatureandsignsoftheharmonybetweenthingsinnatureandtheha

13、rmonybetweennatureandthepoethimself.TheSolitaryReaper的步抑扬）Thefoureight-linestanzasofthispoemarewritteninatightiambictetrameter.Eachfollowsarhymeschemeofababccdd.Inthispoem,thebeautyofthesongispresentedtothereaderthroughtwowellorganizedcomparisonsinthesecondstanza.Thepoem'sstructure:thefirststanz

14、asetsthescene,thesecondofferstwobirdcomparisonsforthemusic,thethirdwondersaboutthecontentofthesongs,andthefourthdescribestheeffectofthesongsonthespeaker.ThefinaltwolinesofthepoemreturnitsfocustothefamiliarthemeofmemoryandthesoothingeffectofbeautifulmemoriesonhumanthoughtsandfeelingsToanextent,thispo

15、empondersthelimitationsoflanguage,asitdoesinthethirdstanza,buttheultimateintentionofthepoemistopraisethebeautyofmusicanditsfluidexpressivebeauty.GeorgeGordonByronSheWalksinBeauty四步抑扬）Thepoemcontainsthreestanzasofiambictetrameter,withanunaccentedsyllablefollowedbyanaccentedsyllable.Itsrhymescheme:aba

16、babByronwrotethepoemforhisyoungcousinwhentheyfirstmetataparty,atthattimeshewaswearingablackgownandByronwasstruckbyherbeauty.spoInthepoem,thefirsttwolinesdemonstrateboththeopposingqualitiesofdarknessandlightthatpassthroughthethreeverses诗或歌的）句，节.Byreadingthepoem,thereadercanlookdeeperintothecontentsof

17、Byronanddiscoverbothinternalandexternalbeautyinthelady.DonJuan（theislesofGreece）电步抑扬）Thepoemiscomposedof16stanzas,eachstanzaconsistingof6linesofiambictetrameter,witharhymeschemeofababcc.It'sasatiricalepicandalsoByron'smasterpiece.Itconstttsojf16cantos（篇章）andremainsunfinished.DonJuanwasagreat

18、epicoftheearly19thcentury,itwasatimewhenTurkishpeopletookcontrolofGreeceandbroughtthedreadfullifetoGreekpeople.EuropeanwritersandscholarsaremostlykeenontheancientGreekcivilization,andByronisalsooneofthem,butheismoreinterestedincallingupontheGreekpeopletoriseupagainsttheirenslavementundertheTurkishru

19、le.Byron'spoemsarefullofrevolutionaryenthusiasm.TheIslesofGreeceportraysperfectlythischaracterofspirit.Inthepoem,hespeaksinthevoiceofaGreekpoet,asheuseexpressionslike“mycountry“andhewritesaboutthepastgloriesofGreecewiththepurposeofmotivatingthepresent-dayGreekstofightforfreedom.Althoughthepoemis

20、abouttheadventuresofaSpanishlibertine（子），therealsignificanceofthepoemliesinthevividdescriptionofthelivesandmannersofmanylands,Byron'sfierypassionsfortheliberationoftheGreekpeopleandhisbittersatireonthesham假装）andhypocrisy（虚伪）inlove,religion,andthesocialrelationsofhistime.唐璜是一步未完成的长篇叙事讽刺诗，是拜伦最长的作品

21、，哀希腊为六行诗体，四音步抑扬格，韵式为ababcG在诗中，拜伦用古希腊的灿烂文明和古希腊人民反抗外来侵略的英勇史来激励希腊人民反抗土耳其统治的决心。PercyByssheShelleyOdetoTheWest亚步抑扬格）风”一词在希伯来，拉丁，希腊及其他许多语言中与呼吸，灵魂，精灵等书同义词，因此雪莱的西风是一个精灵，是一个秋之生命的呼吸在诗的末尾，雪莱吟出了他的千古绝唱：如果冬天来临，春天还会远吗？”在形式上，西风颂是十四行诗与意大利三行诗相融合的结果，如同十四行诗，西每一诗节均为14行，最后两行为偶何诗，但前12行诗的韵式为意大利三行诗的ababcbcdcded最后两行为ee.西运用比喻

22、，象征的手法，将写景与抒情，内心情感与外部气势融为一体，给读者以丰富的想象。Thisodeconsistsoffivestanzas,eachisacombinationofsonnetandterzarimaform.Therhymeofatypicalsonnetis:ababeccdcdedee,andinthispoemwehaveababcbcdcdedee.Thislinkedchaingivesafeelingofonwardmotion,theversehasabreathlessqualitywhichisinkeepingwiththeonwardmotionfotiewi

23、nd'smovement,themetricalpatternofeachliveisbasicallyiambicpentameter.Linguistictechniquesincludingpersonification,auditoryimagery,thetoricalquestions,metaphorsandsimilesIntheturbulentyearof1819,Shelleywrotemanypoliticallyrics.ThispoemismostrepresentativeofShelley'sfeelingsandthoughtsatthetim

24、e.Itisamixtureofdeathandrebirth.ShelleyisconcernedwiththeregenerationofhimselfspirituallyandpoeticallyandofEuropepolitically.Heisappealingtothewestwindtoeffectthisregeneration.Inthefirstthreestanzas,thedynamicforceofthewestwindismanifestedinitspowerontheland,intheair,andintheseaindifferentseasons.It

25、isthedestroyerandpreserver.Itwilldestroytheoldworldandheraldinanewone.InthefourthstanzaShelleywishesthathewerealeaf,acloud,andawave,sothathecouldfeelthepowerofthewestwind;butheisawareofhisageandhissufferingsinlifewhichhavebenthimdown.Finally,heappealstothewind,thewindofaspirationandchange,toreinvigo

26、ratehimandtogiveforceandpersuasivenesstohispoetry.Thelastline"ifwintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?”isthemostfamous.Inaword,thispoemisapassionatecallingtothespiritofthepersonifiedwestwind.Thesymbolisminthispoemisrichanddiverse.SongtotheManofEngland四步抑扬）Thesongconsistsofeightquatrains,themetricalp

27、atternofeachlinebeingiambictetrameterandtherhymeschemeofeachquatrainbeingaabb.OnAugust16,1819,whenabout60,000peoplewereholdingarallyinSt.PeterFieldnearManchester,demandinguniversalsuffrage,parliamentaryreform,andtherepealoftheCornLaw,atroopofcavalryopenedfireonthem,killedmorethanadozen,andwoundedsev

28、eralhundreds.Thekillingwasironicallyreferredtoas“PeterlooMassacre”,acombinationof“Waterloo”and"St.Peter's”.Uponhearingthenewsofmassacre,Shelley,beingexiledinItaly,wroteseveralpoliticallyricsinprotestagainstthegovernment'sbarbarousactionandcallingtheworkingpeopletoriseuptooverthrowtherul

29、eoftheidleclass.Inthepoem,thedronesrefertothepeopleoftheexploitingclasswhodonotworkandliveonthelaboroftheworkingpeople.BeesofEnglandrefertotheworkingclass.Shelleyusesimiletoimplythattheexploitingclasshastakeneverythingfromtheworkingclass,andinthelasttwostanzasthepoetisreprimanding/?reprima:ndi/H诫，谴责

30、theworkerswhodonotanswerhiscalltofightfortheirfreedom.JohnKeatsOdetoaNightingaleThepoemcontainseightstanzas,eachconsistingoftenlines,withninelinesinfive-stressiambicmeterandtheeighthlineinthree-stressiambicmeter.Thepoemisremarkableforitsimageryanditsmusic.Theyappealtoreaders-tactile（Ifensjegustatory（味觉）andvisualandauditory.Keats'poetryisanescapefromtherealworldintoaworldofimagination;odetoanightingalewaswrittenin1819andisoneofKeats'bestpoems.InthepoemKeatsidentifiesthenightingalewithhisIdealBeautyandhopesthatthesongo