英语句子成分分类

1、英语句子成分分类一：8种句子成分主语(subject),谓语(verb),宾语(object),宾语补足语(objectcomplement),表语(predicate),定语attributive),状语(adverbial),同位话语(appositive)1 .主语主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的是什么“或是谁"。一般由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式，主语从句充当。如：讲述谁"Weworkinabigfactory.讲述什么"Theclassroomisverybig.Threeareenough.TogotoUniversityisourd

2、ream.Teachingismyjob.Whatweneedisfood.在"Therebe句型中，主语的位置在be动词之后。如：Therearesomebottlesofmilkinthebox.在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如：ItisveryimportanttolearnEnglishwell.Ittooktwoworkersaboutthreemonthstobuildthehouse.2 .谓语谓语是用来说明主语做什么“、是什么”或怎么样”谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在人称和数”两方面必须一致。如：Heisverygenerous.Shelo

3、oksverysmartandcoolWehavefinishedthejob.HecanspeakGerman.3 .表语表语说明主语是什么”或怎么样”跟在be动词或连系动词之后。由名词、形容词、介词、副词、数词，代词，动词不定式及动词-ing形式来充当。Youlookyoungerthanbefore.Myfatherisateacher.Everyoneishere.Theyareatthetheatre.MywishistoteachstudentsEnglish.Herjobistrainingthenurses.Thatiswhyhedidn'eComchoolyester

4、day.4 .宾语宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动词-ing形式，宾语从句充当。它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面或跟在及物动词，及物动词短语或介词之后。有时，会有双宾语。如：Heneverforgivesothersfortheirmistakes.Heoftenhelpsme.Helikestosleepintheopenair.TheAmericansenjoyedlivinginChina.Ibelievethattheycanfinishtheworkintime.直接宾语和间接宾语(双宾)及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间

5、接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如：Webroughtthemsomefood.主谓间宾直宾=Webroughtsomefoodtothem.间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to或for。可以跟双宾的及物动词有：(1)双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词awardsb.sth.=awardsth.tosb.颁奖给某人bringsb.sth.=bringsth.tosb.把某物带给某人handsb.sth.=handsth.tosb.把某物递给某人mailsb.sth.=mailsth.

6、tosb.把某物寄给某人offersb.sth.=offersth.tosb.将某物给某人owesb.sth.=owesth.tosb.欠某人某物passsb.sth.=passsth.tosb.把某物递给某人paysb.sth.=paysth.tosb.付给某人某物(钱)postsb.sth.=poststh.tosb.把某物寄给某人readsb.sth.=readsth.tosb.把某物读给某人听returnsb.sth.=returnsth.tosb.把某物还给某人sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.把某物送给某人sellsb.sth.=sellsth.tosb.把某物卖给

7、某人servesb.sth.=servesth.tosb.拿某物招待某人showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.拿某物给某人看takesb.sth.=takesth.tosb.把某物拿给某人teachsb.sth.=teachsth.tosb.教某人某物tellsb.sth.=tellsth.tosb.告诉某人某情throwsb.sth.=throwsth.tosb.把某物扔给某人writesb.sth.=writesth.tosb.给某人写信(2)双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词booksb.sth.=booksth.forsb.为某人预定某物buysb.sth.=buyst

8、h.forsb.为某人买某物choosesb.sth.=choosesth.forsb.为某人选某物cooksb.sth.=cooksth.forsb.为某人煮某物drawsb.sth.=drawsth.forsb.为某人画某物fetchsb.sth.=fetchsth.forsb.为某人去取某物findsb.sth.=findsth.forsb.为某人找到某物fixsb.sth.=fixsth.forsb.为某人准备某物getsb.sth.=getsth.forsb.为某人拿来某物makesb.sth.=makesth.forsb.为某人做某物ordersb.sth.=ordersth.fo

9、rsb.为某人订购某物picksb.sth.=picksth.forsb.为某人采摘某物preparesb.sth.=preparesth.forsb.为某人准备某物savesb.sth.=savesth.forsb.为某人留某物singsb.sth.=singsth.forsb.为某人唱某物（歌）sparesb.sth.=sparesth.forsb.为某人让出某物stealsb.sth.=stealsth.forsb.为某人偷某物5 .宾语补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把宾语+宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾

10、语。复合宾语所表达的意思相当于一个句子的意思。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以作宾语补足语.句型结构：主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语如：Ifyouletmego,I'llmakeyouking.Don'tmakeyourhandsdirty.WefoundLiMingoutwhenwearrived.Makeyourselfathome.Isawagirlgointothebuilding.Theboyorderedthedogtoliedown.Thebosskeptthemworkingallday.Yesterdayhegothislegbro

11、ken.在英语中，常见的宾语+宾语补足语”的结构有：'宾语+名词”。常用于该结构的动词有：call,name,make,find,choose,think,leave等。WecallhimJack.TheymadeLiLeitheirmonitor.'宾语+形容词”。常见的动词有think,believe,leave,drive,make,keep,turn,wish,want等。如：Doyouthinkhisideawrong?Wemustkeepourclassroomclean.Wecan'tleavehimalone.Canyougeteverythingrea

12、dyforthepartybeforeFriday?宾语+副词”。副词作宾补常表示宾语的状态，与宾语有逻辑上的主表关系。常见的副词有:down,up,here,there,home,in,out,anywhere等。如：Lethimin/out.Mr.Lidroveushome.Whengotthere,wefoundhimout.宾语+介词短语”。介词短语作宾补常表示其逻辑主语(即宾语)所处的状态，两者有主表的关系。如：Wefoundeverythingingoodorder.Weregardhimasourgoodfriend.Heopenedthedoorandfoundsomeofhi

13、sfriendsintherain.宾语+不定式”。充当宾补的不定式有三种：A要求带to的不定式Myparentswantmetostudyscience/artinayear.B要求不带to的不定式let,make,see,hear,watch等Thebossmadetheworkerswork12hoursaday.IoftenhearhimreadEnglishinhisroom.C单thelp后可加to或不加toShesometimeshelpshermother(to)dohousework.宾语+现在分词”。现在分词作宾补，此时在该句型中的宾语即为现在分词逻辑上的主语,有着主谓关系

14、。Isawthemplayingontheplayground.IheardMarysingingintheclassroom.宾语+过去分词宾语和宾补之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动和完成。Ihadmybikestolen.Theteacherexplainedagainandagaintomakehimselfunderstood.it形式宾语+形容词+动词不定式WefounditimpossibletogettherebeforeSaturday.6 .定语定语用来修饰名词或代词。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不定式，动词-ing形式，过去分词，从句充当定语。如：Theblackb

15、ikeismine.What'syourname?Theymadesomepaperflowers.TheboysintheroomareinClassThree,GradeOne.ThetallboywhoisstandingthereisPeter.在英语中，并不是所有的定语都放在被修饰词的前面，有的是放在被修饰词的后面，故称后置定语”。修饰不定代词something,anything,nothing,something,anyone,somebody,anybody,nobody的定语必须后置。如：Ifyoudon'tknowtheanswensksomeoneelse.

16、Doyouhaveanythingimportanttotellme?介词短语作定语时要后置。如：Doyouknowtheboybehindthetree?Thestudentsintheroomareallmyfriends.Ithinkthepictureontheleftisbetterthantheoneontheright.动词不定式作定语时要后置Whataboutsomethingtodrink?Ihavetheabilitytosolvetheproblem.Doyouhaveanypieceofmusictolistento?nearby,below,downstairs等个别

17、方位词作定语时要后置。如：Weareatthetopofthehill.Canyouseethevillagebelow?Thepeopledownstairsarelisteningtoatalknow?Theytooktheboytothehospitalnearbyatonce.7 .状语状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。它表示行为发生的时间、地点、原因，条件，目的、让步，伴随，比较，方式、程度等，一般由副词、介词短语、不定式，现在分词，过去分词，从句充当。状语一般放在句末，但有时也可以放在句首、句中。如：Hediditcarefully（程度状语）Theymissedmeverymuch

18、.（程度状语）Withouthishelp,wecouldn'tworkitout.（条件状语）Inordertocatchupwithmyclassmates,Imuststudyhard.（Weareonourwayhome,talkingandlaughing.IamastallasLucy.英语中有九种状语从句。时间状从，地点状从，原因状从，条件状从，目的状从，结果状从，让步状从，方式状从和比较状从。Youshouldbecarefulwhileyouarecrossingthestreet.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Hedidn'tc

19、ometoschoolbecausehewasill.Ifyoustudyharder,youcangotoakeyuniversity.Igotupearlyinorderthat/sothatIcouldcatchthefirstbus.Theboystudiedsohardthathepassedtheexam.Though/Althoughitwasrainingheavily,myfatherwentout.Thecoupletreattheboyverywellasif/asthoughheweretheirownchild.He'snotashard-workingash

20、eusedtobe.8 .同位语一个名词（或其它形式）对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明，这个名词（或其它形式）就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外，还可以表示部分意义。用法1由两个或两个以上同一层次的语言单位组成的结构，其中前项与后项所指相同，句法功能也相同，后项是前项的同位语其中常用：逗号连接。Mr.Smith,ournewteacher,isverykindtous.我们的新老师史密斯先生对我们很好。ournewteacher是主语Mr.Smith的同位语，指同一人。YesterdayImetTom,afriendofmybrother's.MrWang,mychild'steacher,willbevisitingusonTuesday.王先生，我孩子的老师，星期二