年职称英语考试理工类B级试题

1、2009年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（B级）第1部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1Would you please call my husband as soon as possible?Avisit B phone Cconsult D invite2We had a long conversation about her parents. Aspeech B question Ctalk D debate3The chairman proposed that we stop the mee

2、ting.Astated B announcedCdemanded D suggested4Obviously these people can be relied on in a crisis.Alived on B depended onCbelieved in D joined in5There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when an athlete breaks a record. Abeats B maintains Cmatches D tries6All the pupils seem to be very cheerf

3、ul. Ahappy B healthy Cnaughty D busy7The traditional paintings are exhibited on the second floor. Alaid B displayed Ckept D stored8She stood there, shaking with fury. Amisery B laughter Canger D cry9Mary evidently is the most diligent student among us Aintelligent B beautiful Ctalkative D hardworkin

4、g10 Persistent attempts to interview Garbo were fruitless.A Forceful BReasonableC Continuous D Firm11 Why can't you stop your eternal complaining? Aeverlasting B long Ctemporary D boring12 Hundreds of buildings were wrecked by the earthquake. Ashaken B damaged Cfallen D jumped13 These paintings

5、are considered by many to be authentic. Afaithful B royal Cgenuine D sincere14 Many economists have given in to the fatal lure of mathematics.Aattraction B simplicityCpower D rigor15 Ten years after the event, her death still remains a puzzle Amist B fog Cmystery D secret第2部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面

6、的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Radiocarbon Dating Nowadays scientists can answer many questions about the past through a technique called radiocarbon (放射性碳), or carbon-14, dating. One key to understanding how and by something happened is to disco

7、ver when it happened. Radiocarbon dating was developed in the late 1940s by physicist Willard F. Libby at he University of Chicago. An atom of ordinary carbon, called carbon-12, has six protons(中子) and six neutrons (质子) in its nucleus. Carbon-14, or C-14, is a radioactive, unstable form of carbon th

8、at has two extra neutrons (原子核). It returns to a more stable form of carbon through a process called decay (衰减). This process involves the loss of he extra neutrons and energy from the nucleus. In Libby's radiocarbon dating technique, the weak radioactive emissions (放射) from his decay process ar

9、e counted by instruments such as a radiation detector and counter. he decay rate is used to determine the proportion of C-14 atoms in the sample being dated. Carbon-14 is produced in the Earth's atmosphere when nitrogen (氮)-14, or N-14,interacts with cosmic rays (宇宙射线). Scientists believe since

10、the Earth was formed, the mount of nitrogen in the atmosphere has remained constant. Consequently, C-14 formation is thought to occur at a constant rate. Now the ratio of C-14 to other carbon toms in the atmosphere is known. Most scientists agree that this ratio is useful for dating items back to at

11、 least 50,000 years. All life on Earth is made of organic molecules (分子) that contain carbon atoms coming from the atmosphere. So all living things have about the same ratio of C-14atoms to other carbon atoms in their tissues (组织). Once an organism (有机体) dies it tops taking in carbon in any form, an

12、d the C-14 already present begins to decay. Over time the amount of C-14 in the material decreases, and the ratio of C-14 to other carbon toms goes down. In terms of radiocarbon dating, the fewer C-14 atoms in a sample, the older that sample is.16Nowadays many scientists depend on radiocarbon for da

13、ting age-old objectsA Right BWrong C Not mentioned17The radiocarbon dating technique is only about 40 years oldA Right BWrong C Not mentioned18An atom of ordinary carbon has six protons and eight neutronsA Right BWrong C Not mentioned19Radar is used to determine the characteristics of radiocarbonA R

14、ight BWrong C Not mentioned20Radiocarbon is reliable in dating an object back to at least 50,000 years.A Right BWrong C Not mentioned21The C-14 in an organism begins to decay when it diesA Right BWrong C Not mentioned22The half-life of C-14 is about 25,000 years.A Right BWrong C Not mentioned第3部分：概括

15、大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第14段每段1选择个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Chimpanzees1Chimpanzees (黑猩猩) will soon be extinct (灭绝). If the present rate of hunting and habitat (栖息地) destruction continues, then within 20 years, there will be no chimpanzees living in th

16、e wild. But this is more than an environmental or moral tragedy (悲剧). Chimpanzee extinction may also have profound implications (含意) for the survival of their distant relatives - human beings.2In 1975 the biologist Marie-Claire King and Allan Wilson discovered that the human and chimpanzee genomes (

17、基因组) match by over 98%. Compare this to the mouse, used as model for human disease in lab tests, which shares only 60% of its DNA with us. In fact, chimpanzees are far more similar to humans than they are to any other species of monkey. As well as resembling us genetically, chimps are highly intelli

18、gent and able to use tools. These facts alone should be enough to make protection of chimps an urgent priority (优先). But there is another, more selfish reason to preserve the chimp.3The chimpanzees' trump card (王牌) comes in the field of medical research. Chimpanzees are so similar to humans that

19、 veterinarians (兽医) often refer to human medical textbooks when treating them. Yet chimpanzees do show differences in several key areas. In particular, chimps are much more resistant to a number of major diseases. It is this ability that is so interesting.4For example, chimps seem to show a much hig

20、her resistance than humans to HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. Indeed, their use as experimental animals in AIDS research has declined because they are so resistant.5By sequencing the chimp genome and pinpointing (找到) the place where the chimpanzee DNA sequence differs from that of humans, scientist

21、s hope to be able to discover which part of the genetic code gives chimps their increased resistance to some diseases. This, they hope, will allow them to develop new and more effective treatments for the human forms of these diseases. Such treatments could include the production of new drugs or eve

22、n the alteration (改变) of the human genetic sequence. The recently completed human genome sequencing project has shown that such an effort is now well within our reach.23Paragraph 124Paragraph 225Paragraph 326Paragraph 4AReasons for HIV resistanceBImplications of chimpanzee extinction for humansCEffe

23、ctive AIDS treatmentDGenetic similarities between chimps and humansEChimps' resistance to HIVFGenetic differences between chimps and humans27Chimpanzee extinction may affect28There is a difference ofless than 2% between the chimp and29Scientists suspect that genes.PlaY a significant role in prot

24、ecting chimps from getting30The discovery of the genetic code of chimps will be helpful toAsome human disease treatmentsBsome diseasesChuman survivalDhuman genomesEkey areasFhealthier lifestyle第4部分：阅读理解（第3145题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Water The second most important constit

25、uent (构成成份) of the biosphere (生物圈) is liquid water. This can only exist in a very narrow range of temperatures, since water freezes at 0 and boils at 100. Life as we know it would only be possible on the surface of a planet which had temperatures somewhere within this narrow range. The earth's s

26、upply of water probably remains fairly constant in quantity. The total quantity of water is not known very accurately, but it is about enough to cover the surface of the globe to a depth of about two and three-quarter kilometers. Most of it is in the form of the salt water of the oceans - about 97 p

27、er cent. The restis fresh, but three-quarters of this is in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains, and cannot be used by living systems until melted. Of the remaining fractional which is somewhat less than one per cent of the whole, there is 10-20 times as much stored underground water as th

28、ere is actually on the surface. There is also a tiny, but extremely important fraction of the water supply which is present as water vapor in the atmosphere. Water vapor in the atmosphere is the channel through which the whole watercirculation (循环) of the biosphere has to pass. Water evaporated (蒸发)

29、 from the surface of the oceans, from lakes and rivers and from moist (潮湿的) earth is added to it. From it the water comes out again as rain or snow, falling on either the sea or the land. There is, as might be expected, a more intensive evaporation per unit area over the sea and oceans than over the

30、 land, but there is more rainfall over the land than over the oceans, and the balance is restored by the runoff from the land in the form of rivers.31Liquid water only exists Ain the center of the earth. Bon the surface of our planet. Cin a very narrow range of temperatures. Din the coastal areas of

31、 the earth.32The total quantity of water on Earth Aremains almost unchanged. Bhas greatly increased in recent years. Cis decreasing constantly. Dis affected by global warming.33Most of the fresh water on EarthAis stored underground.Bis in the form of ice at the Poles and on mountains.Cis found in ri

32、vers and lakes.Dcomes from the rain.34The word "fraction" in the second paragraph meansAa very small amount.Ba large area.Can important system.Da major source of information35There is more of rainfallAover the mountains than over the rivers.Bover the rivers than over the mountainsCover the

33、 oceans than over the land.Dover the land than over the oceans.第二篇Mind-reading Machine A team of researchers in California has developed a way to predict what kinds of objects people are looking at by scanning (扫描) what's happening in their brains. When you look at something, your eyes send a si

34、gnal about that object to your brain. Different regions of the brain process the information your eyes send. Cells in your brain called neurons (神经元) are responsible for this processing. The fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) (功能性磁振造影) brain scans could generally match electrical activity

35、in the brain to the basic shape of a picture that someone was looking at. Like cells anywhere else in your body, active neurons use oxygen. Blood brings oxygen to the neurons, and the more active a neuron is, the more oxygen it will consume. The more active a region of the brain, the more active its

36、 neurons, and in turn, the more blood will travel to that region. And by using fMRI, scientists can visualize (使显现) which parts of the brain receive more oxygen-rich blood - and therefore, which parts are working to process information. An fMRI machine is a device that scans the brain and measures c

37、hanges in blood flow to the brain. The technology shows researchers how brain activity changes when a person thinks, looks at something, or carries out an activity like speaking or reading. By highlighting the areas of the brain at work when a person looks at different images, fMRI may help scientis

38、ts determine specific patterns of brain activity associated with different kinds of images. The California researchers tested brain activity by having two volunteers view hundreds of pictures of everyday objects, like people, animals, and fruits. The scientists used an fMRI machine to record the vol

39、unteers' brain activity with each photograph they looked at. Different objects caused different regions of the volunteers' brains to light up on the scan, indicating activity. The scientists used this information to build a model to predict how the brain might respond to any image the eyes s

40、ee. In a second test, the scientists asked the volunteers to look at 120 new pictures. Like before, their brains were scanned every time they looked at a new image. This time, the scientists used their model to match the fMRI scans to the image. For example, if a scan in the second test showed the s

41、ame pattern of brain activity that was strongly related to pictures of apples in the first test, their model would have predicted the volunteers were looking at apples.36What is responsible for processing the information sent by your eyes? AThe magnetic system in the brain. BThe central part of the

42、heart. COxygen-rich blood. DNeurons in the brain.37The function of an fMRI machine is Ato show how neutrons take in oxygen-rich blood. Bto measure how dense the blood is in the brain. Cto record how much oxygen the brain consumes.Dto identify which parts of the brain are processing information38The

43、expression "highlighting the areas of the brain at work' in paragraph 5 means Agiving light to the parts of the brain that are processing information. Bmarking the parts of the brain that are processing information. Cputting the parts of the brain to work. Dpreventing the parts of the brain

44、 from working.39The researchers experimented on Aanimals and objects. BfMRI machines. Ctwo volunteers. Dthousands of pictures.40Which of the following can best replace the title of the passage? ARecent Development in Science and Technology.BYour Thoughts Can Be Scanned.CA Technological Dream.DAn Int

45、elligent Robot.第三篇Youth Emancipation in Spain The Spanish Government is so worried about the number of young adults still living with their parents that it has decided to help them leave the nest. Around 55 percent of people aged 18-34 in Spain still sleep in their parents' homes, says the lates

46、t report from the country's state-run Institute of Youth. To coax (劝诱) young people from their homes, the Institute started a "YouthEmancipation (解放)" program this month. The program offers guidance in finding rooms and jobs. Economists blame young people's family dependence on the

47、 precarious (不稳定的) labor market and increasing housing prices. Housing prices have risen 17 percent a year since 2000. Cultural reasons also contribute to the problem, say sociologists (社会学家). Family ties in south Europe - Italy, Portugal and Greece - are stronger than those in middle and north Euro

48、pe, said Spanish sociologist Almudena Moreno Minguez in her report "The Late Emancipation of Spanish Youth: Key for Understanding". "In general, young people in Spain firmly believe in the family as the main body around which their private life is organized," said Minguez. In Spa

49、in - especially in the countryside, it is not uncommon to find entire groups of aunts, uncles, cousins, nieces and nephews (外侄/侄子) all living on the same street. They regularly get together for Sunday dinner. Parents' tolerance is another factor. Spanish parents accept late-night partying and ar

50、e wary of setting bedtime rules. "A child can arrive home at whatever time he wants. If parents complain he'll put up a fight and call the father a fascist," said Jose Antonio G6mez Yanez, asociologist at Carlos III University in Madrid. Mothers' willingness to do children's ho

51、usehold chores (家务) worsens the problem. Dionisio Masso, a 60-year-old in Madrid, has three children in their 20s. The eldest, 28, has a girlfriend and a job. But life with mum is good. "His mum does the wash and cooks for him; in the end, he lives well," Masso said.41The "Youth Emanc

52、ipation" program aims at helping young people Afight for freedom. Blive in an independent way. Cfight against social injustice. Dget rid of family responsibilities.42It can be inferred from paragraph 5 that family ties are stronger in Portugal than in AFinland. BGreece. CSpain. DItaly.43Young p

53、eople's family dependence can be attributed to all the following factors EXCEPT Aparents' tolerance. Bhousing problems. Ccultural traditions. Dunwillingness to get married.44Which of the following statements is NOT true of Dionisio Masso? A She is 60 years old. B She has a boyfriend. C She h

54、as three children. D She lives in Madrid.45The phrase "wary of" in paragraph 8 could be best replaced by Atired of. Bafraid of. Ccautious about. Dworried about.第5部分：补全短文（第4650题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。Reduce Packaging Pressure increased recently on

55、British supermarkets and retailers to reducepackaging as part of an anti-waste campaign.(46) Britain generates 4.6 million tons of household waste every year by packaging. Dozens of people have expressed anger at the excess of plastic wrapping.Campaigners have called on Britain to learn from other E

56、uropean countries.(47) When returned bottles are put in a vending machine (自动售货机), the deposit is refunded. Environmentalists warn that Britain lags behind in this. There were reports of growing unease among consumers over the amount of packaging they have to deal with. Trade standards officers also object to excessivepackaging.(48) In respon