定语从句教案(高三复习)

1、什么是定语?定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的单词、短语或句子，汉语中常用“的” 表示。单词作定语一般前置，句子或短语作定语则必须后置句子作定语则叫定语从句a blue seaa h定语从句的位置：1.紧跟在先行词的后面：You must do everythi ng that I do.I have found the book which I lost.I visited the school where I studied2.定语从句后移/分隔式定语从句He laughs best who laughs last.He is the only one of the teachers w

2、hocomes from Qin gdao.3. as引导的定语从句可前移As you all kno w,the earth is round定语从句Join the follow ing senten ces:1. A pla ne is a machi ne. The machi ne can fly.A pla ne is a machi ne that /which can fly.关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,that/which代指先行词machine2. The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.The girl who /that we s

3、aw yesterday is mary.关系代词实际上是先行词的复指，who/that代指先行词the girl1. The car which my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.2. This is the city where I was bor n.定义：修饰名词或代词的从句。先行词：被定语从句修饰的词关系词/连接词：连接主句和定语从句的连词。引导定语从句的连接词， 中充当成分。关系代词(作主语/宾语/表语):1.who/whom(that)2.which(that)3.that不能放在介词的后面4.who

4、se=of which或of whom5.as关系副词(作状语) :1.where=介词+ which2.when=介词+ which3.why=for+which4.way的特殊用法the wayhe lives. that he lives.in which he lives关系词的作用:1)连接；2)代替先行词；3)在定从中作成分。一、关系代词1. The number of people _ lost homes reached as many as 250,000.A. who B. which C. where D. when1. who作定从的主语/宾语 指人作主语时不可省略 指

5、代先行词2. The boy _ we saw yesterday was Johns brother.A. whom B. / C. which D. when2. whom作定从的宾语定要在从句指人可省略指代先行词3. Spielberg won a prize for a short film _ he made.A. which B. who C. / D. where3. which作定从的主语或宾语指物作宾语可省略指代先行词4. Its about a big shark_ attacks swimmers _ are spending theirholidays in a sma

6、ll village.A. where B. who C. that D. which E./4. that作定从的主语或宾语指物或人作宾语可省略指代先行词5. Spielberg, _ mother was a music teacher, was born in 1946.A. who B. which C. whose D. that5. whose作定从的定语 指物或人不可省略 指代先行词=sbs/sthsI once lived in a house_ was broke n.A. whose roof B. which roofC. of which the roofD. the

7、roof of which5. whose+n=of which/whom the +n =the +n+of which/whomHer pare nts dont want to marry their daughter to a man_poor她父母不想把女儿嫁给一个家境贫穷的男人关系副词和定语从句）我仍然记得这天。（2）在这天我来到这里。I still remember the day. I came here on the day_=on which=whe nI still remember the day whe n/on which I came here里的）那天。1. D

8、o you know the date_ Lincoln was born?A. which B. on whichC. whe n D. where1. whe n作定从的时间状语指时间,在从句中表示在.时间=in/on.+which先行词为时间名词（1）就是这所房子。（2）我去年在这所房子住过。This is the house . I lived in the house last year.This is the house where/i n which I lived last year.的）房子。2. The farm_ we picked cott on was 90 kilo

9、meters away.A. whe n B. where C. why D. on whichis我仍然记得（我来到这就是这所（我去年住过2. where作定从的地点状语指地点,在从句中表示”在地点=in/on+可巾先行词为地点名词（situati on, bus in ess, case, point,surroundings,environment,scene等为地点概念的名词）1）他给了一个原因（2）因为这个原因人们喜欢音乐。He gave a reason. people like musicfor the reason_He gave a reas on why/for which

10、 people like music3. I dont know the reas on_ he looks un happy.A. that B. why C. for which D. /3. why作定从的原因状语指原因，在从句中表示”因为原因=for which先行词为reasonI disapprove the reas ons_ he came up with.A. that B. why C. for which D. /因此先行词虽然为reason,但如果连接词在从句中作主语或者宾语，则只能用that/which4.以way为先行词的定语从句问题。I dont like the

11、 way_ he talked to his mother.I dont like the way_ he chose to do it.A. that B. in which C. / D. howWay（方式，方法）1.连接词如果在从句中作状语时，用that或者in which略。2.连接词如果在从句作主语或宾语，用that或which关系代词的用法关系代词在从句中可以:且可以指人指物主语宾语hathichhohom何时可以省略？做宾语时可以省略解题方法和技巧1.首先是确定关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中作什么成分。若是作主语、宾语，则 在关系代词中选择。若是作状语，则在关系副词中选择。2.

12、其次是看先行词是人还是物；是时间、地点还是reaso n,way。1. She looked at Jeff_ was wav ing his arms.2. The girl_ leg was broke n in the earthquake was take n to hospital.3. And there she saw a wall of water_was quickly advancing towardsher.A. who B. that C. whose D. which1、判断关系词在定从中的成分是关键；2、再看先行词。定语从句使用中的特殊情况一、只能用that的情况：

13、1.先行词既有物又有人时。He spoke of the pers ons and thi ngs that he had see n abroad.2.先行词是something,anything, all, nothing等不定代词时。Is there anything that I can do for you?3当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时或者被，all,the very,the on ly,the just饰时。This is the best film that I have ever seen.二、不用that的情况：1.介词后禁用关系词thatoI heard of t

14、he man, about whom he talked.2.非限制性定语从句。She was late aga in, which made me un happy.三，介词+关系代词的问题。介词+关系代词的情况1Are these two senten ces right?The man who/whom you spoke was a scie ntist.The city that/which she lives is far away.介词+关系代词的情况2The man whom you spoke was a scie ntist.The city which she lives

15、 is far away.介词+关系代词的情况3Join the following sentencesHe lives in a Ion ely village. At the back of it is a hill.He lives in a lovely village, at the back of_ is a hill.He has three sisters. All of them are abroad.He has three sisters,all of_ are abroad3.固定动词或介词短语搭配介词+关系代词的情况下面两句中的介词能提前吗？Is this the w

16、atch that you are look ing for?_The old man whom I am looking after is better介词+关系代词的情况练习Do you like the book2. Do you like the book3. Do you like the book4. Do you like the book5. He built a telescopeshe spent $10?she paid $10?she lear ned a lot?she ofte n talks?6. There is a tall tree outside,_ r

17、teacher.7. China has a lot of rivers, the sec ond Ion gest_is the Yellow River.8. The tower_people can have a good viewis on the hill.9. The man_I spoke on the phone last nightis very good at wrestl ing.10. He paid the boy $10 for washi ng ten win dows,most_ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.关系

18、副词实际上是介词+先行词I still remember the day when I came here.on the day =on which=whenThis is the house where I lived last year.in the house=in which=whereThere are many reasons why people like traveli ng.for which=for the reas ons =why在固定短语中介词不能提前_ he could study the skies.I dont likethe way that you spea

19、k.in the way =that=in which介词+关系代词的问题。1.of which/whom结构很多时候表示 其中Class 14 has 75 stude nts, of whom 35 stude nts are girls.=35 stude nts of whom are girls.2. whe n/why/where很多时候可转换为介词+关系代词。This is the house where I live.Every one knows the reas on why he succeeded.I remember the day when I visited th

20、e temple.On her birthday, she received from her pare nts a nice prese nt_ a notewas a ttached,_“We love you so much”.A. that, say ing B. to which, say ingC. to which, said D. i n which, said几种易混的情况1.1never forget the days_ we worked together.4.1 went to the place_ I visited ten years ago.5._ This is

21、 the reason he was late.6._This is the reasonhe gave.非限制性定语从句2.1ll never forget the dayswespent together.3.I went to the placeI worked ten years ago.引导非限制性定语从句的连接词who/whom/ whose/ which/where/when /why/as来引导，不能用that1。which引导的非限制性定语从句：此时无论它在从句中充当什么成分它都不能省约，也不能换为that1)和主句之间的关系不密切，只起附加说明作用：We all like

22、the book,which was writte n by LuXun.2)用来代替整个先行分句的内容。这时它所引导的定语从句只能放在主句之后:Bush was elected preside nt aga in, which made Jim very sad.二.as弓I导的非限制性定语从句1. as具有正如之意，与之搭配的动词是固定的，如：as you know/ see/pla nn ed/as we expected/un dersta nd/thi nk/ believe也可以将它们用于被动结构中：as is known /see n/pla nn ed/expectedThe

23、earth is round._ is known toall.The earth is round,_ isknown to all._is known to all, the earth isround._is known to all_ theearth is round._is known to all is_ theearth is round.2. as弓I导的非限制性定语从句，用于下列固定句型中1) .This is such an in terest ing book_we all like.2) .This is so in terest ing a book_ we all

24、 like.This is such an in terest ing book_ we all like it._This is so in teresti ng a book_ we all like it._这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。（结果状语从句）3）This is the same book_ I have.3. as和which弓I导非限制性定语从句的区别：1. which引导的从句只能放于逗号后面。2. as引导的从句可前可后，常用于as is said above（如上所述）,as we know（我们都知道）,as is well known, as is often th

25、e case（正如往常一样），as isreported, as we expect等结构中，as含有 正如，正像之意。四.限定性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别：1限定性定语从句用于修饰和限定先行词，与先行词之间的关系非常密切。它所修饰 的词代表一个（些）或一类特定的人或东西。如果删去，则剩下的部分意思就会含糊 不清。如：This is the man who gave me the money.这就是给我钱的那个人。上句如删去从句who gave me the money，贝V成了This is the man.（这是那个人。）完全失去了整个句子的意思，因而不能删掉2非限定性定语从句，在意

26、义上，它是先行词的一个附加修饰语，是对先行词的进一 步说明。如果删去它，不影响整个句子的基本意思。如：Wang Dong,who is in the room,wants to ask you some questions王东，他在房间里，想问你几个问题。上述主句是Wang Dong wants to ask you some questions，如果删去从句（who is in the room），并不影响整个句子基本意思的表达。3另外，在意思上，有时限定性和非限定性定语从句的区别还是较大的。如：In their class,there are fifteen students who can speak English well.在他们班上有十五位英语说得好的学生。（可以看出他们班学生要多于十五位）In their class,there are fifteen s