中考初三专项复习被动语态学案

1、中考初三专项复习被动语态学案一、学习目标1 .掌握被动语态的结构2 .掌握从主动语态转换成被动语态的方法观察句子ArecorderisusedinourEnglishclasseveryday.Footballisplayedallovertheworld.Acameraisusedfortakingphotos.Abankwasrobbedyesterday.Aman-madesatellitewassentupintospacelastyear.time.Thetreemustbeplantedontheground.Thegroundwillbecoveredwithtreesinafe

2、wyearsTheywillbesenttothehospitalrightnow.Atalkwillbegivensoon.Lookandfindoutthesimilarities（相同点）：Footballisplayedallovertheworld.Acameraisusedfortakingphotos.Abankwasrobbedyesterday.Aman-madesatellitewassentupintospacelastyear.Thetreemustbeplantedontheground.Thegroundwillbecoveredwithtreesinafewyea

3、rs'time.Theywillbesenttothehospitalrightnow.Atalkwillbegivensoon.二、知识讲解Conclusion:（一）当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。被动语态：主语是动作的承受者被动语态的构成：be+动词过去分词如果要特别强调动作或行为的执行者时句子后面需接by，译为“被（由）各个时态的被动语态一般现在时一am/is/are+动词过去分词一般过去时一was/were+动词过去分词一般将来时一willbe/begoingtobe+动词过去分词现在进行时一be（a

4、m、is、are）+being+动词过去分词现在完成时一have/has+been+动词过去分词被动语态的否定句和疑问句Thissongisnotlikedbyyoungpeople.Romewasnotbuiltinaday.JapaneseisnotwidelyusedinEuropeancountries.IsChineseusedonlyinChina?Wereth&seclothesmadeintheU.S.A.?Whatvasitmadeof?Itwasmadeofbamboo.主动语态如何改成被动语态?Thatboybrokethewindowyesterday.Thew

5、indowwasbrokenby.thatboyyesterday.小测试：请把下列句子转换成被动语态1. ManypeoplespeakEnglish.2. Heboughtmeanewbikeyesterday.3. Thebossmadehimdotheheavyworkintheolddays.4. Tommusthandinthecompositionafterclass.Conclusion:（二）主动语态如何改成被动语态？1 .主动语态的宾语改成被动语态的主语。2 .主动语态的谓语动词改成被动语态的谓语动词。do-bedone3 .注意保持时态和人称的一致。4 .带双宾的谓语动词

6、有两种改法。当把直接宾语改成主语时，谓语动词后必须加适当的介词：to或for.如：givefbegivento止匕类动词还有:pass,show,send再如：buyfbeboughtfor止匕类动词还有:make,draw,cook,mend5. 一些动词不定式在主动语态中省略to作宾语补足语，改成被动语态时，to必须还原。注意：1 .不及物动词（vi.）不用被动语态。如：happen、takeplace、appear、disappear例旬：Atrafficaccident（happen）justnow.2 .连系动词（Link.v.）不用被动语态。如：be、look、seem、feel、

7、sound、smell、taste、get、turn、become例旬：PekingOpera(sound)beautiful.3 .当此动词表示事物的自然属性的时候，不用被动语态。例旬：Thepen(write)veryfast.Thiskindofsweater(sell)well.被动语态的其他注意事项：1 .适合被动语态的情况不知道谁是动作的执行者，或由于某种原因没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者时例旬：Thisjacketismadeofcotton.Thebookwaswrittenforchildren.需要突出或强调动作的承受者时例旬：Foodisneededbyeverylivin

8、gthing.Englishiswidelyusednowadays.2 .主动语态不能变为被动语态的情况当宾语是反身代词时例旬：ThemanintroducedhimselfasMr.Parker.Ifoundmyselfinthepark.当谓语是表状态的及物动词时例旬：Doesthepairofnewshoessuityou?Wewillhaveameeting.三、练习环节1. Ifthework,youcangoandplaygames.A.finishedB.hasfinishedC.willbefinishedD.isfinished2. Itwasrainingheavilyo

9、utside,thechildrenweremadeintheclassroom.A.stayB.tostayC.stayingD.stayed3. Katetheletterbeforehermothercameintoherbedroom.A.haswrittenB.waswrittenC.hadwrittenD.iswriting4. Tomakeourcitymorebeautiful,rubbishintotheriver.A.needn'tbethrownB.mustn'tbethrownC.can'tthrowD.maynotthrow5. Ilikemy

10、bike.Itverywell.A.ridesB.isridingC.isriddenD.hasridden6. Iwon'tcometothepartyunlessTom,too.YoumeanifTomcomes,you'llcome.A.willinviteB.invitesC.invitedD.isinvitedit.A. laughedatB. waslaughed7. EveryonewhoheardMr.Green'sstoryC.laughedA. lookafterB. betakengoodcareC. lookthesameD. betakengo

11、odcareof9.Thewomanstilldoesn'tknowwhatinherhometownwhilesheD.waslaughedat8. Thechildrenmustwasaway.A.happensB.happenedC. willhappenD. washappened10.Isawyouwereonfootthismorning.Yes.MybikeA.ismendingB.isbeingmendedC.ismendedD.isbeingmending用括号内单词的适当形式填空：1. Allthestudents(ask)tobringakitewiththeml

12、astSunday.2. Aremanyways(try)tostoppeoplefromcuttingdownsomanytrees?3. Whatareonshowinthemuseum?Somephotos(take)byAmericanchildren.4. Thiscoat(wash)well.5. Musttheoldpeople(speak)topolitely?6. I'moften(warn)nottocopyothers'homework.7. Hecouldn'texplainwhydinosaurs(disappear).8. I'llh

13、avemybike(mend/repair)tomorrow.9. Haveyoufoundyournecklace(steal)lastweek?10. ThePRCwas(found)onOctober1,1949.、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷1. (2017南充)根据短文内容，选择最佳答案。WemovedawayfrommygrandmotherwhenIwaseightyearsold.Imissedheralot.Iwasherfavoritegranddaughterandshewasmyfavoritegrandma.Twoyearslatermymotherandfatherse

14、paratedandsoondivorced.Ifeltasifmyworldwasfallingapart.Ilivedwithmymotherforatime,nextdoortomygrandmaandgrandpainanapartmentwhilemyfatherwasawayduringWorldWarn.Grandmaneverhadmuchinthewayofmoneyormaterialthings.Butitwasthelittlethingsshegavemethatletmefeelwarm,likelettingmedipmyfingersinthesugarbowl

15、,lettingmesipthecoffeefromhercuporallowingmetositonthetableasIhadmeals.Thoughshedidn'thavemuch,shedidsomethingformybrotherandme.Iwillalwaysremembershesavedhercoinsinaglassjar.Ithoughtmygrandmacouldhaveusedthesecoinsherself,butshesavedthemtogiveuswhenwecametovisither.Idon'trememberhowmuchweco

16、llectedonourvisits,norwastheamount(数目)important.Itwastheideathatsherememberedus,andcaredaboutuswhenwewereawayfromher.(1) Whathappenedtothewriterwhenshewaseightyearsold?A.Shemovedawayfromhergrandma.B.Shemovedawayfromherparents.C.Shelivedwithhergrandparents.D.Shelivedwithheraunt.(2) Whatdoestheunderli

17、nedwordadivorced"meaninChineseinParagraph2?A.和好BJ架嘀婚Dfc气(3) Thewriter'sgrandmaallowedhertodomanythings.Whichofthefollowingisnotmentioned?A.Thewritercoulddipherfingersinthesugarbowl.B.Thewriterwasallowedtosipthecoffeefromhergrandma'scup.C.Thewritercouldsitonthetablewhilehavingmeals.hD.Th

18、ewriterwasallowedtocollectcoinsinaglassjar.(4) Forwhomdidthewriter'sgrandmasavehercoins?A.Forherson.B.Forhergrandchildren.C.Forthepoor.D.Forherself.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Thewriterdislikedherchildhood.卜B.Thewritercomplainedaboutherparents.C.Thewritermissedhergrandmasomuch.D.Thewriterwant

19、edtohavehergrandma'smoney.【答案】(1)AC(3) D(4) BC【解析】【分析】文章大意：这篇短文主要介绍了作者祖母虽然没有多少金钱或物质，但是通过用心的为孙子(女)做的小事情，让作者感到非常的温暖，感受到浓浓的爱。(1)细节理解题。根据短文开头WemovedawayfrommygrandmotherwhenIwaseightyearsold.,可知作者八岁时和祖父母分开了，故选A。(2)词义猜测题。根据上文Twoyearslatermymotherandfatherseparated我的父母分居及后文Ifeltasifmyworldwasfallingap

20、art.作者感到世界分崩离析，可知父母离婚了，故选C。(3)细节理解题。根据lettingmedipmyfingersinthesugarbowl,lettingmesipthecoffeefromhercuporallowingmetositonthetableasIhadmeals.可知不包括在玻璃罐子里收集硬币。故选D。(4)细节理解题。根据Ithoughtmygrandmacouldhaveusedthesecoinsherself,butshesavedthemtogiveuswhenwecametovisither.可知祖母是为了孙子(女)赞硬币。故选B。(5)细节理解题。根据作者

21、对祖母温情的回忆，可知作者非常爱自己的祖父母，非常想念她。对比选项，故选Co【点评】阅读考题中细节理解题和猜测词义题属于客观题；主旨大意题和推理判断题属于主观题。针对不同类型的题目，要在平时的练习过程中，结合具体的题目，给学生进行解题方法的指导和讲解。对于客观题，要提醒他们阅读时关注文章的细节，如时间，地点或一些具体数字，在选择答案时，务必从原文中找到确切的依据。2.根据短文内容，判断正误。DearAlan,Guesswhat?Ihaveachancetochoosemynewplacetolivein.Iamexcitedandalittlenervous.Couldyoupleasegiv

22、emesomehelp?IamnotsurewhetherIwillliveinahouseorinanapartment.Ontheonehand,ahousewillbetoobigforjustoneperson,somaybeIshouldrentanapartment,Ontheotherhand,ifIrentahouse,Icouldfindsomeoneelsetosharewithme.Theonlyproblemisthatahousefullofpeoplemightbetoonoisyforme.Iprefertohavemyownspace.Thecityhassom

23、eniceapartments,buttheyarealsotooexpensive.However,ifIcouldfindatwo-bedroomapartmentandgetaroommate,thatwouldmakeitmoreaffordable.Ijustneedtosearchforaroommatewhoisneatandquiet.YouknowIcannotlivewithsomeonewhoisloudandmessy.Idonothaveacar,soIalsoneedtothinkcarefullyaboutthelocation.Iprobablyneedtolo

24、okforsomewherenearabusstoporanundergroundstation.ThatwayIwillhavemoretimetostudyandspendlesstimetravelling.I'mlookingforwardtoyourreply.Love,Victor(1) Victorfeelsexcitedbecausehecandecidewheretolive.(2) Victorwantstosharethehousewitha(an)neatandquietperson.(3) IfVictorfindsaroommate,hewillwastem

25、oney.(4) Victordoesn'thaveacar,sohewantsatwo-bed-roomapartmentVictoralsoneedstothinkcarefullyaboutthelocation.【答案】(1)11(3) 0(4) 01【解析】【分析】主要讲了Victor写信向Alan询问怎样选择新居住地。11)细节题。根据Ihaveachancetochoosemynewplacetolivein.Iamexcitedandalittlenervous.可知Victor是兴奋的，因为他有机会选择新住址，故选正确。(2) 细节题。根据Ijustneedtosea

26、rchforaroommatewhoisneatandquiet.可知Victor希望舍友是干净和文静的，故选正确。(3)细节题。根据However,ifIcouldfindatwo-bedroomapartmentandgetaroommate,thatwouldmakeitmoreaffordable.可知Victor找到舍友后会平分房租，所以不是浪费钱，故选错误。(4) 细节题。根据Idonothaveacar,soIalsoneedtothinkcarefullyaboutthelocation.可知Victor没有车，所以也需要仔细考虑位置，而不是想要一个两间卧室的公寓，故选错误。(

27、5) 细节题。根据Idonothaveacar,soIalsoneedtothinkcarefullyaboutthelocation.可知Victor没有车，所以也需要仔细考虑位置，故选正确。【点评】考查阅读理解，主要考查细节题，注意从文中仔细寻找答案。3.阅读理解Acoupleofsparrows(麻雀)livedhappilyinahugetreeinajungle.Thefemalesparrowhadlaidhereggsandtheywereexpectingtheirbabiessoon.Oneday,anelephantwasunabletotoleratetheheatoft

28、hesummersun.Hedestroyedalltrees,includingthetreewherethesparrowslived.Thesparrowsmanagedtoescapebyflyingaway,buttheylosttheirbabies.Theeggsfelldowntothegroundandbrokeintopieces.Theycriedloudlyanddecidedtokilltheelephant.Theyaskedtheirfriends,awoodpeckerandaflyforhelp.Theflytookthemtomeetoneofhisfrie

29、nds,anoldfrog.Thefrogwaswiseandhecameupwithagoodplansoon.Thefrogexplained,"Fly!Yourtaskistobuzzintheelephant'searsinordertomakehimsleepy.Thewoodpeckerstaskistohurthiseyesandmakehimblind.Inthishotsummerdays,hewillcertainlysearchforwater.Iwillsitbythenearbypit(深坑)andshoutatthetopofmyvoice.&qu

30、ot;Hecontinued,"Whenthethirstyelephanthearsme,hewillthinkthereisapondorlakenearbyandfollowmyvoice.Andwhenhedoesso,hewillfallintothepitanddie."Theothersagreedtothefrog'splan.Everyonedidtheirtasksperfectly.Finally,theelephantfellintothepitanddied.(1) Theunderlinedword"tolerate"

31、means.A.protectB.standC.mindD.encourage(2) Whydidthesparrowswanttokilltheelephant?A. Becausetheelephantdestroyedalltrees.B. Becausetheelephantkilledsomesmallanimals.C. Becausetheelephant'sbehaviormadethemlosetheirbabies.D. Becausetheelephantwantedtoowntheirtree.(3) Inwhatorderdidthefollowingeven

32、tstakeplace?a. Thefrogshoutedbythepit.b. Theflybuzzedintheelephant'sears.C.Theelephantfellintothepitanddied.d. Theelephantwantedtosearchforwater.e. Thewoodpeckermadetheelephantblind.A.e-b-d-a-cB.b-e-d-a-cC.e-b-a-d-cD.b-e-a-d-c(4) Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Afriendiseasierlostthanfound.B.Agoo

33、dbeginningishalfdone.C.Factspeakslouderthanwords.D.Manyhandsmakelightwork.What'sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.APerfectPlanB.APoorElephantC.GoodFriendsD.WiseSparrows【答案】(1)BC(3) B(4) DA【解析】【分析】文章大意：本文讲的是几个弱小的动物齐心协力杀死大象的故事。两只麻雀因为大象的鲁养行为失去了孩子。他们向啄木鸟和苍蝇求助，苍蝇带他们去见一只青蛙。青蛙想出了一个需要他们共同实施的完美计划，他们成功杀死了那头大象。(

34、1)词义猜测题。结合上下文Oneday,anelephantwasunabletotoleratetheheatofthesummersun.Hedestroyedalltrees,includingthetreewherethesparrowslived.的描述可知，天气很热，大象无法忍受”这种热，就毁坏了所有的树，包括麻雀住的那棵，tolerate的含义是忍受；容忍”，和stand同义，故答案为B。(2)细节理解题。根据本段中的"buttheylosttheirbabies以及“Theycriedloudlyanddecidedtokilltheelephant."可知

35、麻雀想杀大象的原因是大象间接杀害了他们的孩子，故答案为C。(3)推理判断题。通读这五六两段可知，事件发生的顺序是：苍蝇在大象的耳朵边嗡嗡叫一啄木鸟啄瞎大象的眼睛一大象想找水一青蛙在深坑边大叫一大象掉进深坑里死了，故答案为B。(4)推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文讲述几个弱小的动物齐心协力杀死大象的故事，阐述的道理是粉人拾柴火焰高”，故答案为Do(5)主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文讲的是麻雀、啄木鸟、苍蝇和青蛙共同实施的一个杀死大象的完美计划，故答案为A。【点评】考查阅读理解。本文考查细节题，词义推断题，推理判断题和主旨题等常考题型，细节题要注意从文中抓住关键词寻找答案；主旨题，词义推断题以及判断

36、题都需要通读全文，了解大意之后找出正确选项。4.根据短文理解选择正确答案。CIfmusicmakesyousmarterandexercisehelpsyoutothink,surelyexercisingtomusiccanturnyouintoacleverperson.AteamofscientistsfromOhioStateUniversitydidexperimentson33volunteerswhoweregettingbetterfromheartdiseaseafteroperations.Theyfoundthosevolunteerswhoexercisedwhilel

37、isteningtoItalianmusicianAntonioVivaldi'sTheFourSeasonsdidmuchbetteronlanguageabilityteststhanwithoutmusic.Itisalsousedinmedicalfieldsforpatientswhohavehadheadhurtsbecauseofitsmoderatetempo（舒缓的节拍）.“Exerciseseemstocausepositivechangesinthenerve神经）systemandthesechangesmayimprovethelearningabilityo

38、fpeoplewithheartdisease,“saidthepsychologistCharlesEmery,headded.wholedthestudy."AndlisteningtomusicisthougentHanceunderstanding.Wejustwantedtoputthetworesultstogether,Thevolunteerssaidtheyfeltbetteremotionallyandphysicallyafterexercisingwithorwithoutmusic.Buttheirimprovementonthetestdoubledaft

39、erlisteningtomusicduringexercise.Scientistshaveprovedthatmusiccanbegoodforhealthandeducation.Ithelpsreducestressandsadness,encouragerelaxationorsleep,wakeupthebodyandimprovememoryandthoughts.Scientistshavebeenstudyingtheresultsofexercisetomusiconlearningandunderstandingsincetheearly1950s.Astudyshowe

40、dthatstudentswholistenedtoMozart'sviolinpiecesandexercisedwentontogethighermarksinanIQtest.Withimportantexamsdrawingnear,yourparentswillnotprobablyallowyoutolistentomusicorplaysports.Butperhapsnowyouhavegoodreasonstoarguewiththem.(1) Whatdoestheunderlinedwordenhancemean?A.produceB.provideC.impro

41、veD.impress(2) Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthat.A. youshouldfollowyourparents'wordsB. youhavesomegoodreasonstojoininanIQtestC. goodmarksdependonlisteningtomusicandexcisingD. exercisetomusicmighthelpyougethighergradesintests(3) Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?A. Musichelpsvolunteersgetbette

42、rfromheartdisease.B. Exerciseisusedforpeoplewithheadhurts.C. Exercisecausesnochangesinhealthwithoutmusic.D. Musiccanhelpyourelaxandfeelenergetic.(4) Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.ExercisetoMusicB.MusicandstudyC.ImportanceofMusicD.StudiesonExercise【答案】(1)CD(3) D(4) A【解析】【分析】本文主要介绍了多听音乐可以提高我们的

43、学习能力，可以让我们更健康，有聪明，说明了音乐的重要作用。(1)词义猜测。根据本段第句"Factssuggestthatexerciseimprovesthelearningabilityofpeoplewithheartdisease,说明音乐可以提高那些患病的人的学习能力，说明Andlisteningtomusicisthoughttoenhanceunderstanding.中的enhance是指提高，增弓it的意思。produce生产；provide提供；improve提高；impress给留下印象。故C正确。(2)细节理解。根据文章倒数3,4行Astudyshowedstu

44、dentswholistenedtoMozartwentontoscorehighermarksinanintelligencetest.说明多听音乐可能让人在智力测试中得到高分，说明D项正确。(3)细节理解。根据倒数第二段Scientistshaveprovedthatmusiccanbegoodforhealthandeducation.Ithelpsreducestressandsadness,encouragerelaxationorsleep,wakeupthebodyandimprovememoryandthoughts可知音乐可以减少压力，让人放松，唤醒身体，提高记忆等，故选Do

45、(4)主旨大意。本文第一句Ifmusicmakesyousmarterandexercisehelpsyoutothink,surelyexercisingtomusiccanturnyouintoacleverperson是文章的中心句,下文者B是围绕第句进行阐述，故选Ao【点评】本文主要讲述的是音乐的重要作用，需要考生在阅读的时候有足够的耐心。要养成在上下文串联中猜测词义的能力，根据上下文中出现的同义词，近义词，反义词，以及词义的解释来理解生词。同时要抓住文章的中心，不要受其他信息的影响。要根据题目及选项以及文章的上下文串联合理的判断推理。5.阅读理解Whenyouthinkofamuse

46、um,Ibetyoudon'tthinkofaplacewherechildrenrunaround.ButtheScienceMuseumisdifferent.It'snoisy!YoucangettotheScienceMuseumbygoingontheLondonUndergroundfromWaterlooontheJubileeLinetoWestminster.ThentaketheCircleortheDistrictLinetoSouthKensington.Whenyouwalkout,takealookaroundyou,andyoushouldseeit.Whattobring:atleasttwobottlesofdrinksforthekidsandf10tospendinthecafes.Entranceisfree!Themostinterestingandexcitingpartofcominghereistogotothekids'area,theLaunchPadonthe3rdfloor.Atbusytimes,youmayhavetowaitinli