辨析形容词比较级

1、辨析 separate 禾口 divide2009-6-2 15:09:461) separate侧重把两个或两个以上的人、物或成分分开”使之隔一段距离。Only a narrow strait separates North America from Asia.北美洲与亚洲之间只隔一条狭窄的海峡。Guan gzhou Road seperates Big Shilipu from Small Shilipu.广州路隔开了大十里堡和小十里堡。2) divide侧重把某一整体的人或事物分成若干部分。The largest Ian dmass is usually divided in to tw

2、o “ continents alongthe UralMountains.习惯上说，地球上最大的一块陆地是沿着乌拉尔山脉分为两大洲”的。He devided the cake into six pieces.他把蛋糕分成了六份。一、概说形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形 容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1) 直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot。2) 叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形

3、容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid害怕的。按其结构，可分为单个形容词和复合形容词。前者由一个单词(如good, short, happy)构成，而后者则由两个以上的单词(如well-known, kind-hearted, five-year-old )构成。二、形容词的种类1. 品质形容词，英语中大量形容词属于这一类，他们表示人或物的品质，如：He' s the happiest man on earth他是地球上最快乐的人The play was boring.那出戏很枯燥乏味。You have an hon est face.你有一张诚实的脸。这类形容词一般都能用于比较级，如b

4、igger, simpler, you nger.2. 类属形容词这类形容词表示属于哪一类，如：These subjects reflect our daily lives.这些题材反映我们的日常生活。This medici ne is for exter nal use only. 此药仅供外用。这类形容词一般都不能用于比较级。3. 颜色形容词有少数表示颜色的形容词，如：His face went purple with rage. 他的脸气得发青。She had on a blue coat.她穿了一件蓝色的外套。Carrots are oran ge.胡萝卜是 橘红色的。这类词前面还可加

5、 light, pale, dark, deep, bright等词，如：light brown hair 淡蓝色头发 a pale green dress 淡绿色裙服a deep blue skirt深蓝色的裙子 a dark grey suit 深灰色的套服4. 强调形容词，有些形容词起强调作用，如：It ' s utter mystery. 这完全是个谜。I have perfect trust in his judgement. 我绝对信任他的判断力。5. -ing 形容词1）有大量现在分词正在或已经变为形容词，如： It was a tiring journey. 这真是一趟

6、累人的旅行。This is a convincing argument. 这是个有说服力的论据。 这样的形容词多由及物动词变来。有很多也是品质形容词，有时可用于最高级（如 most amazing, most disappointing ）。2）还有一些形容词和不及物动词有关，如：We hope to lessen the existing tension. 我们希望缓解目前的紧张局势。He' s one otfhe greatest living composers. 他是当今最伟大的作曲家之一。 这类形容词只能作定语，不能用于比较级。3）还有一些 -ing 形容词并不与动词有关，如

7、： neighbouring cities 邻近的城市 a cunning trick 狡猾的计谋6. -3d形容词1）大多数 -ed 形容词都与及物动词有关，是由它们的过去分词变过来的，一般有被动意义， 多数为品质形容词，如：Sh3 look3d 3mbarrass3d. 他好象很尴尬。These people are from distressed areas 这些人来自贫苦地区。I f3lt d3pr3ss3d. 我感到很沮丧。2）有些 -ed 形容词可说是类属形容词， 也由动词的过去分词变来，但不能用于比较级，如：You have to pass the required examin

8、ation to become a doctor. 你需要通过规定的考试才能成 为医生。She is a trained nurse. 她是一个受过训练的护士。3）有少数 -ed 形容词，不是由动词，而是由名词变来的：skilled workers 技术工人salaried class 工薪阶层a flowered headscarf 印花头巾还有少数 -ed 形容词，和动词名词都没有关系：beloved leaders 受爱戴的领导 his deceased aunt 他死去的姨4）有些 -ed 的形容词包含有副词： a well-equipped army 一支装备精良的部队 a well

9、-known musician 著名的音乐家7. 合成形容词1）形容词在英语中是比较普遍的，最常见的有：a. 形容词 +名词 +ed： good-natured 天性善良的b. 副词 +过去分词： low-paid 工资很低的c. 形容词 +现在分词： easy-going 好说话的d. 副词 +现在分词： low-lying 低洼的e. 名词 +现在分词： heart-breaking 令人心碎的f. 形容词 +名词： present-day 当代的2）还有一些其他类型的合成形容词，如：a two-piece suit 两件套的西服 all-out attempt 全力以赴的努力 take-

10、home pay 扣税后的实得工资3）还有一些三个或更多词构成的和成形容词，如：wait-and-see policy 观望政策 heart-to-heart talk 推心置腹的谈话an out-of-the-way place 偏僻之地 an-out-of-date driving license 过期驾照三、形容词的用法和在句中的位置1. 形容词在句中主要可用作：1）定语:What a fine day!多好的天气！He is a self-made ma n.他是个自学成材的人。2）表语：The scene was horrifying.这景象很恐怖。I am getting bore

11、d and homesick.我感到有些厌烦想家。His comments were well-meant.他说这些都是出于好心。3） 宾语的补语（构成合成宾语）：I find this hot weather very tryi ng. 我感到这种炎热天气很难受。Do you think it necessary? 你认为这有必要吗？4）状语：She was back, eager to see her frien ds.她回来了，极想见她的朋友们。She gave him the overcoat, anxious to be of service.她把大衣拿给他，极愿为他服务。He ar

12、rived home, hungry and tired. 他又饿又累的回到家里。2. 形容词在句中的位置有的形容词放在被修饰的名词之前，称为前置形容词；少数形容词放在被修饰的名词之后， 称为后置形容词。1）当名词被多个前置形容词修饰时，形容词之间有一个先后顺序问题。一般规则为：（限定词）t一般描绘性形容词 t表示大小、长短、高低的形容词 t表示年龄、新旧的形容 词T表示国籍、地区、出处的形容词 T表示物质、材料的形容词 t （名词）。用一句话来说 就是美小圆旧黄，法国木书屋”。女口：There is a famous fine old stone bridge near the villag

13、e.村子附近有一座著名的漂亮的古代石桥。I bought a cheap blue plastic pencil box yesterday.昨天我买了一个便宜的蓝色塑料铅笔盒They have got such a round brow n woode n table.他们有一张褐色的木制圆桌。2） 当形容词词组相当于一个定语从句时，或形容词用来修饰somebody, somethi ng, an ythi ng, nothing等的时候，便会出现后置形容词。如：The boy （who is） in terested in music is my brother.对音乐赶兴趣的那个男孩是我

14、弟弟。Guilin is a city （which is） famous for its seenery.桂林是一个以风景闻名的城市。Do you have anything in terest ing to tell us?你有什么趣闻告诉我们吗？There is nothing wrong with the machi ne.这台机器没有毛病。四、形容词的比较级和最高级1. 形容词比较级和最高级的构成1）单音节词和少数双音节词的比较级和最高级的构成情况构成方式原级比较级最咼级一般情况加-er 或-estnewlongn ewerIon gern ewestIon gest以e结尾的词加-

15、r或-stfinefinerfin estlatelaterlatest以辅音+y”结尾变y为i再加-erearlyearlierearliest的词或-esthappyhappierhappiest重读闭音节的词先双写辅音字母，hothotterhottest末尾只有一个辅再力口 -er或-estthi nthi nnerthinn est音字母fatfatterfattest2）多音:节词和部分双音节词在其前面加more 或 most原级比较级最高级usefulmore usefulmost usefuldifficultmore difficultmost difficultdelici

16、ousimore deliciousmost delicious3）有几个形容词的比较级和最高级属于不规则变化。原级比较级最咼级good/well 好的betterbestbad/ill 坏的worseworstmany/much 多的moremostlittle少的lessleastfar远的furtherfurthestfartherfarthestold老的olderoldesteldereldest2. 形容词比较级的用法1）形容词的比较级可以单独使用：Be more careful next time.下次小心点。It was quieter outside.夕卜面安静点了。It c

17、ouldn ' t be e不i能再容易了。This car is more expe nsive.这辆车比较贵。Who is taller? 谁高一点？Which book is better? 哪本书更好？2） 也可以和than连用，表示两者相比，than后可以跟：A. 名词或代词（若为人称代词，在口语中多用宾格）：He is older than me.他年龄比我大。Tokyo is bigger than New York.东京比纽约大。B. 动名词：Skii ng is more exciti ng than skat in g. 滑雪比滑冰更刺激。This is more

18、in terest ing tha n sitt ing in an office.这比坐办公室更有意思。C. 从句：I was a better sin ger tha n he was. 我唱歌比他好。He is stro nger than I expected.他比我预料的更健壮。d.状语：She felt worse than usual.她感到比平时更难受。He is busier than ever. 他比过去更忙了。E跟其它成分(如动词、形容词等)：It' s better to be prepared than unprepared. 有准备比没准备好。She was

19、 more surprised than angry. 她吃惊甚于生气。He was more lucky than clever. 他是运气好，而不是聪明。3 形容词比较级的修饰语1) 形容词比较级前可加much, a lot, a bit, a little, slightly 之类表示程度的状语： He' s feeling a lot better today. 他感到今天好多了。She' s a little bit better now. 她现在稍稍好点了。It' s slightly warmer today. 今天稍微暖和一点。2) 也可在比较级前 an

20、y, no, some, even, still 这类词： Do you feel any better today? 你今天感觉好一点了吗？ She was no older than Zilla. 他并不比齐拉大。This book is even more useful than that. 这本书甚至比那本书更有用。3) 比较级前还可加其他表示数量的词：Shall I get a couple more chairs? 我要不要再搬两把椅子来？ My sister is ten years younger than me. 我妹妹比我小十岁。You' re a head tal

21、ler than Jane你比简咼 一个头。4. 形容词比较级的特殊用法 和 more 有关的词组1) the morethe more 越就越。例如：The harder you work ， the greater progress you'll make. 越努力，进步越大。2) more B than A=less A than B与其说 A 不如说 B 。例如：He is more lazy than slow at his work. = He is less slow than lazy at his work. 他工作时，与其 说是反应慢不如说是懒。3) no more

22、than 与一样，不比多。例如：The officials could see no more than the Emperor. 官员们看到的和皇帝一样多。no less than与一样。例如：He is no less diligent than you. 他和你一样勤勉。4) more than 不只是，非常。例如：She is more than kind to us all. 她对我们非常热心。和 less 有关的词组5) less than 不到 不太：In less than a week, the MS was ready. 不到一周稿子就准备好了。6) no less tha

23、n 多达 不少于He won no less than $5oo. 他赢了不少于 500 美圆。No less than 2 million people came. 至少来了 2 百万人。7) more or less 基本上； 大体上； 大约The work is more or less finished. 这项工作基本上完成了。The answers were more or less right. 这些回答大体上是正确的。另外， 还有 as + 形容词或副词原级 + as8) 在否定句或疑问句中可用soa&例如：He cannot run so/as fast as you.

24、 他没你跑得快。9) 当asas中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名 词。例如：This is as good an example as the other is. 这个例子和另外一个一样好。I can carry as much paper as you can. 你能搬多少纸，我也能。10）表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as 的前面。例如：This room is twice as big as that one. 这房间的面积是那间的两倍。Your room is the same size as mine.你的房

25、间和我的一样大。11）倍数 + as + adj. + as<=> 倍数 + the + of。例如：This bridge is three times as long as that one. 这座桥的长度是那座的三倍。This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine. 你的房间是我的两倍大。Your room is twice the size of mine.5. 形容词最高级用法the + 最高级 + 比较范围1） 形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词the

26、,例如：The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的沙漠。 形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示 ”非常”。例如：It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem. 这是个很重要的问题。 注意：使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。（错） Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.（对） Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2） 下列词可

27、修饰最高级， by far, far, much, mostly, almost 。例如：This hat is nearly / almost the biggest. 这帽子差不多是最大的了。a. very 可修饰最高级，但位置与 much 不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.b. 序数词通常只修饰最高级。例如：Africa is the second largest continent. 非洲是第二大洲。3） 最高级的意义有时可以用比较级表示出来。例如：Mike is the most intelligent in his cla

28、ss. 马克是班上最聪明的。Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4）"否定词语+比较级”，”否定词语+ soas"结构也可以表示最高级含义。例如:Nothing is so easy as this. 没比这更简单的了。=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing.6. 形容词最高级的特殊用法1） 形容词最高级可用作表语，这时定冠词the 可以省略。I think her plan is best. 我认为她的计划最好。C

29、otton blankets are generally cheapest. 棉毛毯一般最便宜。2） 形容词最高级前可以加a 或不加冠词来表示 非常He has been most kind to me. 他对我非常好。We were all most anxious to go home. 我们都很想回家。3） 形容词最高级还可和at 构成短语作表语，表示 处于最的状态。The peony was at its brightest. 牡丹花正在盛开。I knew she was at her worst. 我知道她这时情绪最糟。She was never at her best in the

30、 presence of her mother. 在她妈跟前她的表现从来不是最好的。4) 形容词最高级还可和 at 构成许多短语作状语：He had been gone 15 minutes at the most. 他离开顶多才一刻钟。I' ll be with you at latest by ten. 我最迟十点钟就来陪你。 强化练习题1) Tony is going camping with _ boys.A .little two other B. two little otherC. two other littleD. little other two2) One day

31、 they crossed the bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old3) How was your recent visit to Qingdao? It was great. We visited some friends ， and spent the _days at the seaside.A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. f

32、ew sunny last4) - Are you feeling ? Yes， I'm fine now.A. any wellB. any better C. quite good D. quite better5) The experiment was easier than we had expected.A .more B. much more C. much D. more much6) If there were no examinations, we should have _ at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happie

33、r timeC. much happiest timeD. a much happier time7) The weather in China is different from.A. in AmericaB. one in America C. America D. that in America8) After the new technique was introduced ，the factory produced _ tractors in 1988 as the year before.A. as twice manyB. as many twiceC. twice as man

34、yD. twice many as9) John has three sisters, Mary is the of the three.A. most cleverestB. more clever C. cleverestD. cleverer10) . She told us story that we all forget about the time.A. such an interestingB. such interesting aC. so an interestingD. a so interesting11) The story sounds.A. to be trueB.

35、 as trueC. being trueD. true12) The pianos in the other shop will be , but.A. cheaper, not as betterB. more cheap, not as betterC. cheaper, not as good D. more cheap, not as good13) .How did you find your visit to the museum?I thoroughly enjoyed it. It was than I expected.A. far more interestingB. e

36、ven much interestingC. so more interestingD. a lot much interesting14) food you ' ve cooked!A. How a niceB. What a niceC. How niceD. What nice15) These oranges taste.A. goodB. wellC. to be goodD. to be wellA. more B. much moreC. much D. more much17) Canada is larger than country in Asia.A. anyB.

37、 any other C. otherD. another18) Which is country, Canada or Australia?A. a largeB. larger C. a largerD. the larger19) - -Are you feeling?Yes, I am fine now.A. any wellB. any better C. quite good D. quite better20) John was so sleepy that he could he could hardly keep his eyes.A. openB. to be opened

38、 C. to open D. opening21) Mum, I think I ' m to get back to school.Not really, my dear. You ' d better to stay at home for another day or two.A. so wellB. so goodC. Well enoughD. good enough22) I f you don ' t like the red coat, take the blue one.Ok, but do you have size in blue? This on

39、e ' s a bit tight for me.A. a bigB. a biggerC. the big D. the bigger23) I t takes a long time to go there by train; it ' s by boat.A. quickB. the quickestC. much quickD. quicker24) If there were no examinations, we should have at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happi

40、est timeD. a much happier time25) Have you finished your report yet?No, I ' ll finish in ten minutes.A. anotherB. other C. moreD. less26) How was your recent visit to Qingdao?It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the days at the seaside.A. few last sunnyB. last few sunnyC. last sunny

41、few D. few sunny last27) Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be many poor people?A. such, suchB. such, soC. so, soD. so, such28) How beautifully she sings! I have never heard .A. the better voiceB. a good voiceC. the best voiceD. a better voice29) Wait till you are more. It ' s

42、 better to be sure than sorry.A. inspiredB. satisfiedC. calm D. certain30) , Mother will wait for him to have dinner together.A. However late is heB. However he is lateC. However is he lateD. However late he is31) If I had, I ' d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting place.A. a lon

43、g enough holidayB. an enough long holidayC. a holiday enough longD. a long holiday enough32) Professor White has written some short stories, but he is known for his plays.A. the best B. more C. better D. the most 答案与解析1答案是C。由"限定词-数词-描绘词-（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）-性质-名词”的顺序可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有 C 符合答案。2. 答案

44、A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源 +质地 +用途 +国家 +名词。3答案是B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词； 如果几个形容词的重要性差不多， 音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后， 在不能确 定时，可参照：限定词 +数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词 +大小、长短、高低等形体 +新旧 +颜色 +国籍 +材料 +名词，如 those + three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table 。4. 答案是 B. any 可修饰比较

45、级， quite 修饰原级， well 的比较级为 better.5. 答案是 C. much 可修饰比较级，因此 B， C 都说得通，但 easier 本身已是比较级，不需 more，因此C为正确答案。6. 答案是 D。7. 答案是 D. 本题意为 "中国的天气比美国热。 "比较的是天气而不是国家， C 不能选。 A 没 有名词，后句成分不全，排除。 B 和 D 中， B 中的 one 常用来代替可数名词，而 that 可车以 代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选 D。8. 答案是 C. 此句意为 "这个厂 1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍 "。表示倍数用

46、"倍数+ as + 形容词原形 + as +比较对象 "的句型。所以此句答案为 C.9. 答案是 C. 比较范围在三者或三者以上应用最高级。10. 答案是 A。在so（such）that 的句型中，so修饰形容词或副词，such修饰名词。11. 答案是 D. sound 是连系动词，后面应接形容词作表语。12. 答案是C。根据the other shop的含义可判断第一空白处为比较级，第二空白处为同级比较： not as good = not as good as the one in this shop.13. 答案是A。多音节形容词的比较级是在其前面加上more构成，而

47、比较级的强调形式可在其前面加上 far.14. 答案是 D. 要掌握由 what 和 how 引导的感叹句的句型：what + a/an+形容词+单数可数名词what+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数how+形容词+ a/a n+可数名词单数15. 答案是 A. taste 是连系动词 , good 用作表语 .16. 答案是 C. much 用来修饰比较级 easier.17. 答案是 A. 要区分两种句型 : than+ any+ other+ 单数名词 （包括主语在内 ）; than+ any+ 单数 名词（不包括主语在内）.众所周知，加拿大不属于亚洲，所以A为正确答案18. 答案是 D

48、. 一般来说 ,形容词比较级作表语时前面不加任何冠词 . 此句可理解为 Canada is the two countries.19. 答案是 B. 本题考查对修饰比较级的程度副词的掌握 . any 修饰比较级 , 一般用于疑问句 或否定句 . quite 不能与比较级连用 .20. 答案是A.本题考查对形容词作宾语补足语的掌握当open作宾补时，一般用它的形容词不用它的现在分词形式 .21. 答案是 C. 对话的内容是谈论身体情况，所以形容词应选用 well. 另外， enough 作副词修饰形容词时应放在形容词之后 .22. 答案是 B. 根据 a bit tight for me 的提示

49、 ，可推断答案应为比较级 . 形容词的比较级修饰可 数名词单数时 ，前面应加 a/an.23. 答案是 D. 这是一个省略句 ， 全句的内容是 : It's quicker to go there by boat than by train.24. 答案是 D. have a good/happy/wonderful time 是习惯用法 . much 修饰比较级 .25. 答案是 A. more 与 another 在表示 再' , 又' 时 , 用法不同 , more 放在数词后面 , 而 another 放在前面 .26. 答案是 B. 本题考查对形容词排列顺序的

50、掌握 .27. 答案是 B. 应掌握 such 和 so 接名词的不同用法 : such+ a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词 . so+ many/few+ 复数可数名词 .28. 答案是 D. 根据题意应采用比较级形容词 ,这句话相当于 I have never heard such a good voice before.29. 答案是 D. 从后一句 （即 It 's better to be sure than sorry.） 可得到提示 ,只有 certain 符合题 意.30. 答案是 D. 以 however 引导的状语从句 ,应把 however 所修饰的形容词放

51、在它的后面 . 同 时, 主语谓语不颠倒 .31. 答案是 A. 本题是语序测试题 ,enough 应紧跟在所修饰形容词之后 .32. 答案是 C. 从题干中句子的含义看 ,由过去分词转化成的形容词 known 应有一个比较级的 副词来修饰 ,而 A 和 D 项是最高级 ,应首先排除 . be well known for 是个短语 ,well 的比较级是 betterThis isthat all of us believe it's very important.A.such useful informationB. so useful an informationC. so useful informationD. such a useful information. This story is