情态动词精讲精练(附练习答案)

1、情态动词记忆口诀 :情态动词两要点 ;动词原形跟后面 ,说话语气较委婉 ,can 表 " 能力 "may" 许可 ",must" 责任 " 或 "义务 ",否定回答 "needn't" 换 ;should" 应该 ",would" 愿 ",have to " 被迫 " 表客观 .注释 :对 must 构成的一般疑问句作否定回答只能用needn't.情态动词有can (could), may (might), must,

2、have to, shall (should, will (would), dare (dared), need (needed), ought to等。情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语一 can 和 could情态动词用法表示能力在肯定句中，表示客观可能性can/could例句1“ I don t think Mike can type.”“ Yes, he can.”2I can speak fluent English now , but I couldn t last year.1.As a human being, anyone can make

3、a mistake.2 I m confident that a solution can be found.3 He can be very forgetful sometimes.表示请求和允许。表示请求，口语中常用 could 代替can，使语气更委婉。1 Can we turn the air conditioner on?2 Could you have her call me back when she gets home, please?3 I wonder if I could just ask you to sign this.表示对现在的动作或状态进行主观的猜测，主要用在否

4、定句和疑问句中。1 It can t be easy caring for a man and a child who are not your own.2 Can the man over there be our head master?特别说明：（ 1） could 用来表示请求时，语气委婉，主要用于疑问句，不能用于肯定句，答语应用can（即： could 不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。如：Could I use your dictionary?Yes, you can.(否定回答可用：No, I m afraid not.)(2) can 和 be able to 辨析can(cou

5、ld)和 be able to 都可以表示能力，意思上没有区别。但can 只有现在式和过去式，而be able to 则有更多的形式。如：I ve always wanted to able to speak fluent English. Those bags look really heavy, are you sure you ll be able to carry them on your own?但是，表示在过去某时的某一场合经过一番努力，终于做成了某事，通常不用could，而用was/wereable to 来表示。这时， was/were able to 相当于 managed

6、to do 或 succeed in doing。如：After the accident it was a long time before she was able to walk again.The fire was very big, but most people were able to escape from the building.(3)惯用形式 “cannot too 或”“ cannot/never .enough表示 “无论怎么 也不（过分） ”。如：You can t think too highly of him.You cannot be too careful.

7、= You can never be careful enough. 你越小心越好。I really cannot thank you enough.It s been an amazing day.(4) 惯用形式 “cannot but+ 不定式（不带to） ”表示 “不得不，只好 ”。如：I cannot but admire her determination.我不得不钦佩你的决心。(5) 惯用形式cannot help but do sth cannot help (doing )sth作 “忍不住，不禁”讲。如：The girl couldn t help but live on

8、herself. 小女孩不得不自食其力。When I try to speak,I can t help making mistakes我一开口.说话，就禁不住犯错误。二 may 和 might情态动词用法表 示 允 许 、 许 可 。 否 定 回 答 一 般 用mustnot/mustn 表t,示 “禁止、阻止 ”之意，但也可以用 had better not (最好别 )或 may not （不可以），语气较为委婉。在表示请求、允许时， might 比 may 语气更委婉些。用 May I 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气，在日常用语中，用Can I 征询对方意见更为常见。m

9、ay/might表示可能性的推测，通常用在肯定句和否定句中，含有 “或许 ”“大概 ”“可能 ”之意；用 might 代替 may 时，则语气显得更加不肯定。may 用于祈使句表示祝愿，倒装。例句1 May I come in and wait?2 May I smoke here? No, you mustn t(或 No, you d better not.)1 Might I borrow your pen?2 I wonder if I might speak to your son.1 It may rain this afternoon.2 She might come to jo

10、in us this afternoon.3 I suppose he might have missed the train.1 May you succeed.2 Long may he live! 愿他能持续住下去。3 May she rest in peace.愿她安息。惯用句式：“may well+ 动词原形 ”，表示 “有充分的理由可以或 “有可能 ”。相当于 to be very likely to1 You may well say so. 你很有理由这样说。” 2 There may well be a real problem here. 3 There is nothin

11、g to do, so I may as well go“may as well 或 might(just)as well+动词原形 ”表示有礼貌地劝告，意为 “还是。的好 ”to bed.4 You may as well tell us now, we llfind out sooner or later.三 must 和 have to情态动词用法例句表示 “必须，应该 ”之意，语气比 should ，ought to 强烈。其否定形式 mustnt表示 “不准，不应该，禁止 ”等意1 You must come to school on time.2. Everybody must o

12、bey the law.3You mustn t drive so fast in the street.4 We mustn t waste any more time.must在 回 答 带 有must的 问 句 时 ， 否定 回 答 常 用1 Must I come back before ten?needn t或 don t have to.Yes， you must.(No, you needn t)表示有把握的推测，意为“一定、准是、相必 ”，1 It must be my mother.只用于肯定句中2 You must be hungry after a walk.3 Ther

13、e must be a hole in the wall.表示说话人不满的语气。“偏偏 ”“偏执 ”“固执 ”1. Why must you always interrupt me ?2. It can't help.He must go with me.have to “必须，不得不 ”，意义与 must 相近。但must 表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。must只有一种形式，即现在式与过去式都是一种形式，而 have to 则涉及各种人称、时态等方面的变化形式。两者的否定意义不同， mustnt表示 “禁止，不许 ”， dont have to表示不必

14、。1 The film is not interesting. I really must go now.2 I have to go now, because my mother is in hos-pital.1 I had to work hard when I was your age.2 I will have to learn how to use a computer.3 In order to take the exam, we ll have to finish the whole book by the end of this month .1 You mustn t go

15、 there.2 You don t have to go there.特别说明：1. must 表示推测时，其反意疑问句应根据动词的实际时态而变化。如：It must be nice to take a walk here, isn t it?Tom buys a lot of apples ,he must like eating them, doesn't he？2. Must have done 的反意疑问句有三种情况: 从句中含有过去的时间状语,反意疑问句用过去时.The ground is wet , it must have rained last night, didn

16、 t it? 从句中含有过去完成时的时间状语,反意疑问句用过去完成时.By the end of last term, we must have learnt 2000 words, hadn t we? 若从句中不含任何时间状语,反意疑问句用现在完成时We must have been met somewhere (before), haven t we?3. must 表示 “必须 ” 有“必要 ”时，反义疑问句部分用mustn t.或? needn t .?You must go home right now, needn t you?4. must 用否定形式mustn t时，附加疑问

17、句部分用may 或 must ?You mustn t cheat in the examination,must you?四 shall和 should情态动词用法shall用于第一、三人称构成的疑问句，表示征求对方意见或请求指示用于第二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。例句1 Shall I open the window?2 Shall we say 6 o clock, then?3 What shall I get for dinner?1 Don tworry, you shall get the answer this afte r-noon.( 允诺

18、)情态动词should在条约规定法令等文件中表示义务或规定， “应 ，须 ，得 ” 用于第三人称。用法表示劝告或建议，意为“应该 ”表示推测，用在肯定句中，通常指有事实依据， 常理推断。意为 “想 必，大概，或许 ”还可以用在if 引导的条件状语从句中，表示语气较强的假设，译作“万一，竟然 ”，这时也可将 should 置于从句之首，省略 if.主句谓语动词用虚拟语气：would/could/should/might +动词原形2 He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. （警告）3 You shall do as I say. 命(令 )4

19、If you children don t do as I tell you, you shall not go to the party. ( 威胁 )1.The new regulation shall take effect on June 1 st2.Don't worry,sir! All payments shall be made by the end of the month.3.The fine shall be given in cash.罚款须以现金缴纳。例句1 What should I do?2 Should I trust him?3 You should

20、read his new book.1. It should be a nice day tomorrow.2.Try phoning Robert, he should be home now.3 He should be around sixty years old.1.Ask Tom to ring me up if you should see him.2 Should I be free tomorrow, I万ll一come我明.天(有时间，我就过来)3.If things should change suddenly, please let me know.(万一情况突变，请通知

21、我)4.If it should snow tomorrow,we could take photos out-side.五 will 和 would情态动词用法例句will/would用于表示意志或意愿。will 指现在，1 He is the man who will go his own way. ( 他首歌自行would 指过去。其是的人。 )2 They said they would meet us at 10:30 at the sta-tion.表示请求、建议等，用would 比用 will1.Will you please take a message for him?委婉、

22、客气。2 Would you please tell me your telephone number?表示习惯或倾向，意为“总是，惯于”。will 至现在， would 指过去。1 This old man is strange.She will sit for hours without saying anything.2 People will talk. ( 人们总会说闲话。)3 When we worked in the same office, we would often have coffee together.表示推测，意为 “很可能，大概 ”。 will 表示推测比 sho

23、uld 把握大，比 must 把握小。1 These things will happen.2 This will be the house you're looking for. 这大概就是你找的那所房子了。3 It would be about teno clock when he left home.表示规律性的“注定会 ”。1.People will die without air.没有空气，人就会死去。2. Oil will float on water.表示功能，意为“能，行 ”。惯用形式：1 That will be all right.will do/woulddo表示

24、 “解决问题 ”、 “就2 Either pen will do.行 ”。3 It would not do to worktoo late. （工作太晚不行。）用于否定句中，意为“不肯 ”、 “不乐意 ”1 I won t listen to your nonsense.2 No matter what I said, he wouldn t listen to me.特别说明： would 与 used to 辨析would 可用来表示过去反复出现的动作，但不能表示过去存在的状态，所以我们不能说：“ she would be a quiet girl.另外， would 强调过去某种特定情

25、况下的活动，是完全过去的事情，同现在没有联系。而used to 则着眼于过去和现在的对比，隐含现在已不存在，动作或状态都可表示。Would 可以表示不规则的习惯，used to 则不可。如：He used to be a naughty boy and cause trouble.I used to get up at six in the morning.Sometimes she would take a walk in the neighboring woods.In those days, whenever I had difficulties, I would go to Mr. C

26、hen for help.六 .need 和 dare情态动词用法用于表示 “需要，必要 ”之意。做情态动词时，仅用于否定句和疑问句，只有现在need时，疑问式用 need+人称 ,否定式用 neednot( 即 needn't ），七 .七 .例句1 Need we leave soon?Yes, you must.(No, you needn't)2 You needn't have hurried.(=It was not necessary for you to hurry ， but you did). 你当时不必这么匆忙。情态动词用法例句用于表示 “敢于 ”

27、之意。做情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中dare用作实义动词时，其变化与一般的实义动词相同。在肯定句中， dare 后接带 to 的不定式；否定句中， dare 后既可接带 to 的不定式，也可接不带 to 的不定式。I dare say 作插入语 ,我想 , 大概 , 可能 , 或许七 ought 的用法：1 Dare you tell her the truth? Yes, I dare. /No, I daren t.3 How dare you accuse me of lying!4 He daren t admit this.1 Only a f

28、ew journalists dared to cover the story.2 He doesn daret (to) go there alone.3 Don t you dare (to) touch it?1.You are tired.I dare say.我想你是累了。2.I dare say you've spent all your money by now. 我估计你的钱现在已经用完了。情态动词用法表示 “应该 ”之意，同 should,。表示义务或责任，比 should 语气重。ought to do例句1 You ought to take care of hi

29、m.2 Ought I go now?Yes, you ought to. /No, you oughtn t to.表示推测。注意与must 表示推测时的区1 He must be home by now. ( 断定他已到家 )别2 He ought to be home by now. ( 不十分肯定 )ought to ( 客观推测 ), must( 主观推测 )。3 This is where the oil must be. ( 比较直率 )4 This is where the oil ought to be. ( 比较含蓄 )说明： should 与 ought to 表示 “应

30、该 ”时的区别should 表示自己的主观看法，而ought to 的语气中，含有“按道理应该 ”之意。若要反映客观情况或涉及法律义务和规定，一般用ought to 。如：You should help them with their work.You are his father. You ought to get him to receive good education.八 “情态动词 +have done”用法情态动词 +have done用法must have done表示主观上对过去已经发生的行为进行推测，意为 “想必，准是，一定做了某事 ”例句1.She must have go

31、ne through a lot.2.He must have visited the White House during his stay in the United States.may/might have done表示对过去已发生行为的推测，意为“也许 / 或许已经（没有） “。一般用于肯定句或否定句中，不用于疑问句。用 might 则表示语气更加不肯定。1.You may have learnt the news.2.He may not have heard his name called.3.Sorry I m late. I might have turned off the

32、 alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.can have done表示对过去发生的行为的怀疑和不肯cannot have done定，通常用在否定句和疑问句中。（ can 换成 could 时语气委婉）1.Where can she have gone?2.Could he have done such a foolish thing?3.The boy can t have finished reading the book so soon because it is difficult even to an adult.could have do

33、ne可用于肯定句中，表示 “可能已经 ”1.He could have killed himself driving at a dan-之意，此外，还可以表示过去能做而gerous speed.没做的事，有一种对过去为付诸实施2.You could have been more considerate.的事情的惋惜。3.You could have done better, but you were toocareless.might have done表示 “本来可能 ，但实际上没有发生的事情 ”。另外，还可以表示 “本来应该或可以做某事 ”之意，含有轻微的责备语气。1 You should

34、 not swim in that sea. You might have been eaten by a shark.2 He might have given him more help, thought he was busy.should/oughttohave用于肯定句时，表示本该做某事，而done实际上未做；用于否定句时，则表示不该做的事反而做了。1.He should have known that the police would never allow this sort of thing.2.You shouldn t havedon it so carelessly.3.

35、You ought not to have refused his offer.needn t have done表示做了本来不必去做的事。注意： didn needt to do 表示 “没必要做而实际上也没有做某事 ”1.You needn havet watered the plants, for it is going to rain.2 I didn needt to buy the dictionary. I had a copy at home.had better have done用于事后的建议，含轻微责备的口吻，意为 “当时最好做了某事 ”，其否定式 had better

36、not have done 表示相反的含义。1 You had better have started earlier.2 You had better not have scolded her.wouldrather have 表示 “当时宁愿做了某事 ”，其否定式1 I would rather have taken his advice.donewould rather not have done 表示相反2 I would rather not have told him the truth.的含义，两者都表示 “后悔 ”之意。总结 :一、猜测 : must, may, might,

37、can, could只能用于肯定句 ,非常肯定的猜测的是_只能用于肯定句 ,表示可能的猜测_只能用于否定句，疑问句_过去时用 _表示预测，主观推测或期待“应当 ”_二、情态动词否定式的常考点有：mustn t禁止、严禁、不准needn t不必要、没必要 (=don t have to)can t不可能may not 可能不、或许不shouldn 不t应该（ =ought not to )三、情态动词 + have done表示对过去发生的事情的推测,批评 ,反悔等意should have done_ought to have done_could have done_needn t have

38、done_may/ might have done_must have done_can t have done_四情态动词表推测的三种时态1.对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词+ 动词原形 ”。2.对现在或一般情况的推测，用 “情态动词 + be ”， “情态动词 +be doing 或” “情态动词 + 动词原形 ”。3.对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词+ have +过去分词 ”。五补充强调：推测的句型特点（对某一次的推测句型有两部分：语气和时态）（ 1）语气部分：（以下情态动词语气由强至弱）肯定句： must、 may、 might （=could）否定句： cant（=couldn t）、

39、maynt、 mightn t疑问句： can、 could（语气更加委婉不确定）（ 2）时态部分：be 表示对 现在的推测 have done 表示对 过去 的推测 be doing 表示对 正在进行 的推测语气部分写在前时态部分写在后，组合在一起就是推测六情态动词表推测的解题关键：时间决定形式语气决定选词解答情态动词表示推测的试题时，一要清楚被推测的时间，二要清楚有无客观事实根据。若有客观事实根据，无论是肯定还是否定的推测，推测语气最强且符合时间要求的为最佳答案；若无客观事实根据，则推测语气符合时间要求的为最佳答案。情态动词练习题（一）1)A computer _think for its

40、elf, it must be told what to do.A. can tB. couldn tC. may notD. might not2).The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A. had toB. wouldC. couldD. was able to3)-Where is my uncle, Mary?-He _ in the bedroom.A. must have beenB. must be C. may have been D. should have been4)P

41、eter _ come with us tonight, but he isn t very sure yet.A. mustB. mayC. canD. will5) -That must be a mistake.-No, it _ a mistake.A. must not beB. needn t beC. can not be D. would not be6) It s nearly 7 o clockcome.Dadhome soon.A. canB. couldC. wouldD. should7)-Are you coming to Jeff s party?-I m not

42、 sure. I _ go to the concert tonight.A. mustB. wouldC. shouldD. might8)You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.A. can tB. mustn tC. neednt9)Johnny, you_ play with the knife, you _ hurt yourself.A. won t; can tB. mustn t; mayC. shouldn t, mustD. can t; shouldnt10).I didn

43、 t hear the phone. I _ asleep.A. must beB. must have been C. should be D. should have been11).I didn t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the meeting.A. mustn t have spoken B. shouldn t have spokenC. needn t have spoken D. couldn t have spoke12).I can t find Mr. Smith anywherethein o

44、ffice building. Where _ he have gone?A. mustB. canC. shouldD. need情态动词练习题（二）1. _ it be Li Ping who broke the glass?No. It _ be Wu Dong who did it.A. Can; mustB. Must; needC. May; mustD. Need; can2. Don t forget to visit me when you come to Beijing._.A. I dontB. I wontC. I cantD. I havent3. Could I u

45、se your bike?Yes, surely you _.A. mightB. willC. canD. should4. Her brother _ be at home now, because he was seen playing basketball in the stadium just now.A. mustn t B. needn t C. can t D. shouldn t 5. When can you get my car repaired? I need it tomorrow morning.It _ be ready by 8:00.A. canB. need

46、C. mightD. should6. Are you coming for dinner?I m not quite sure. I _ go to my uncles instead.A. mustB. wouldC. ShouldD. might7. Don t believe him. What he said_ be true.A. mustn tB. neednCt.shouldn tD. may not8. _ I go home now, sir?No, you _. You should finish the composition first.A. Might; would

47、nt B. May; had better not C. Must; mustnt D. Need; mustnt9._ he use your bike?Certainly. Here is the key.A. ShallB. MustC. WillD. Does10. Mr Bush is on time for everything. How _he be late for the important meeting?A. wouldB. shouldC. mightD. need情态动词练习题（三）1.I lived with my sister this summer and di

48、dn t have to paysaverentmost.SoI of my salary.A. was able toB. wouldC. couldD. should2.I promised to get there before 5 o clock, but now the traffic is still so heavyfor.Theyme impatiently.A. may waitB. must be waitingC. could wait D. ought to wait3.I _ her, but I never could.A. ought to helpB. must help C. must have helpedD. ought to have helped4.The Smiths went to the country for the weekend as they _ to the office.A. needn t have goneB. mustn t goC. may not go D. d