新概念二Lesson_21_知识点整理

1、Lesson 21Mad or not?是不是疯了？必记单词学常考短语习目标生词解析全解madadj. 发疯sumn.量reasonn.原因determinedadj. 坚定的，下决定的drive somebody mad 使某人发疯night and day 日夜不停地for some reason 由于某些原因come into use 开始被使用knock down 撞到offer something to do something 提供 来做 .a large sum of money 一大笔钱be determined to下决心madadj. 发疯的be mad 发疯，发狂（强调状

2、态）go mad 发疯，发狂（强调转变）drive sb mad 逼疯/send sb madbe mad about sth 对 疯狂的，狂热的/be mad on sthbe mad on football 对足球狂热be mad on pop musicbe mad on jazzbe mad about/on sth/be crazy about对着迷go mad 发疯，发狂/go crazy/go insane in'sein(歌曲 “ Right Here Waiting中，” I slowly go insane ”) the insane 精神病人go bananas

3、(sl.) become mad or angry, act very foolishly. 发疯，发怒，傻里傻气go nuts 发疯nut: (sl.) foolish, eccentric or mad person mental patient 精神病患者mental hospital 精神病医院like mad 拼命地，猛烈地，疯狂地1reason1) n. 原因reasonable adj. 合情合理的，良好的，尚可的at a reasonable price以合理的价格eg. The plane is in a reasonable condition.飞机的状态良好 cause

4、导致某事发生的起因the cause of the fire 大火的起因eg. Smoking is one of the causes of lung cancer吸.烟是肺癌的起因之一。reason1) n. 原因for this reason 由于这个原因for some reason 由于某个原因( some: 某一个，加可数名词单数)/for a certain reasongive a reason 提出理由the root reason 根本原因生词解析理由是 the reason is thatthe reason why is that 的理由是 eg. The reason

5、 why I study English is that I envy those who speak English well.我学习英语的理由是我羡慕那些讲英语很好的人。the reason for sth 理由eg. What s the reason for your absence?你缺席的理由是什么？the reason to do sth做某事的理由eg. Is there any reason to go there?有去那儿的理由吗？2) 理性，正常心智eg. Only man has reason.只有人类才有理性。lose one s reason丧失理智beyond a

6、ll reasons 毫无道理bring a person to reason使（某人）明白道理，使不做糊涂事sum1) n. 金额，款项a sum of money 一笔钱表“许多 ”的短语：a great many + pl.2a number of + pl.a great number of + pl.a large number of + pl.a sum of (money)an amount of (money)a large sum of money 一大笔钱the sum of incomes 收入总计2) n. 大意，要旨the sum of a speech演讲大意sum

7、 up(1) 合计sum up all the expenses把所有的花费加起来(2) 总结，概括eg. To sum up, he agrees with us.总的来说，他同意我们的观点。in sum = in a word / in short / in brief 总之，要言之determinedadj. 有决心的，坚定的determinevt. 决定，确定，影响生词解析determine a date for a meeting确定开会的日期eg. The environment determines one s character环境决定.人的性格。determine on st

8、h 决定做某事/determine to do stheg. We determined to study English hard.我们决定要努力学习英语。eg. I am determined to stay here.我决定留下来。eg. I am determined to succeed.我下定决心一定要成功。“决定做某事 ”的表达：determine to do sthmake up one s mind to do sthdecide to do sthmake a decision to do sth( decisionn.)be determined to do sthdet

9、ermination n. 判断力，决心a woman of determination 有判断力的女人eg. He showed great determination.他显示了坚定决心。31. Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad.2. Passing planes can be heard night and day.3. It came into use.经典句型4. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise.5. I ve been

10、offered a largesum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here.被动语态 .1何时运用被动语态：（ 1 ）强调 动 作的 接受 者： America was discovered byColumbus （哥伦布） .（2）不知谁是动作的执行者： You are wanted on the phone.（3）作客观说明： It is said that the meeting has been put off.（经典句型）2主动变被动的基本方法： （说起来容易，掌握起来需要用心！）（1）主动语态中的宾语变为被动语态

11、的主语。（2）谓语动词变为由 “be +过去分词 ”的形式， 配合时态作相应变化。（3）主动语态主语置于介词by 之后，如无必需，则省略。（4）不及物动词没有被动语态。补充：八大时态被被动现在do (does)am / is / are + done重点语法We keep the piano in the living-room. The piano is kept in the living-room.过去 did was / were + doneThey built the bridge in 1980. The bridge was built in 1980.将来shallshall

12、willdo will + be + doneHe will read the book tomorrow. The book will be read tomorrow.现在完成havehavehas done has + been + doneWe have delivered the newspaper. The newspapers have been delivered (by us).过去完成had done had been doneShe had seen the film before she came here. The film had been seen before

13、she came here.4重点语法课文全解将来完成shallshallwill have done will have + been + done By the end of this term we shall have finished 80 texts. By the end of this term 80 texts will have been finished.现在进行amamisdoing is + being + doneareareThey are drawing the picture. The picture is being drawn by them.过去进行wa

14、s doing was + being + donewerewereHe was reviewing their lessons at this moment yesterday. Their lessons were being reviewed at this momentyesterday.情态动词变被动情态动词maymaycancanmustmustshoulddoshould + be + doneought toought toused toused toYou must write an article on the subject. An article must be wri

15、tten on the subject.1. Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad.飞机正逐渐把我逼疯。driveeg. He drives his car very badly. 他开车技术非常糟糕。 eg. The farmer drove the cattle in the field. 那位农夫把牛赶进田里。eg. Our army drove the enemy back.我们的军队把敌人赶回去了。eg. During the war, many people were driven out of their homes.战争期间，许多人被赶出家园

16、。2. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. 我住在一个机场附近，过往飞机日夜不绝于耳。(in fact the noise of passing planes can be heard night and day)5（借喻）eg. I couldn t hear the actors. I couldn t hear the actors words.night and day/day and night表日夜3. The airport was built years ago, but f

17、or some reason it could not be used then. 机场是多年前建的，但由于某种原因当时未能启用。for some reason 因为某种原因some: 某种（个） + 可数名词单数to some extent 在某种程度上in some way 在某种意义上someonesomebodysomethingeg. Some Mr. Wang wanted you on the phone.一个王先生打电话找你。4. Last year, however, it came into use.然而去年机场开始使用了。教材全解come into use 投入使用（永无

18、被动，物作主语）eg. When did this word come into common use?这个词什么时候广泛使用的？eg. The airport came into use last year.这个机场去年投入使用。go out of use 停止使用eg. The present phone boxes will go out of use next year现.有的电话亭明年停止使用。5. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. 有 100 多人肯定是被噪

19、音逼得已经离家远去。over: more thanmust have done 对发生完的事情有把握的判断must have been done（被动形式）6. I am one of the few people left. 我是少数留下来的人中的一个。leftleave-left-leftleft 作定语常放 n.后eg. There is only 2 yuan left in my pocket. 我的口袋里只剩6下2元钱。eg. There is nobody left in the room. 房间里一个人也没有留下。7. Sometimes I think this house

20、will be knocked down by the passing plane. 有时我觉得这房子就要被一架飞过的飞机撞倒。sometimes 有时候sometime （过去或将来）某时候some time 一段时间some times 几次，几倍 （本博注：这是中国人的用法，地道的说法是： several times）关于 knock 的短语：knock at/on 敲knock at/on doorknock at windowknock off 下班；从 碰下去；优惠，折扣课文全解knock over 撞翻，打翻，撞倒knock down 撞倒knock out 打昏eg. Knock it off. 住手！；住口！8 I have been offered a large