2005_2016年历年考研英语一完形填空真题

1、WOR除料.可编辑The human nose is an underrated tool.Humans are often thought to be insensitive smellers compared with animals,1 this is largely because,2 animals,we stand upright.This means that our noses are 3 to perceiving those smells which float through the air,4 _ the majority of smells which stick t

2、o surfaces.In fact5,we are extremely sensitive to smells,6 _ we do not generally realize it.Ournoses arecapable of 7 human smells even when these are 8 to far below one part in one million.Strangely,some people find that they can smell one type of flower but not another,9 _ others are sensitivetothe

3、 smells of bothflowers.This may be because some people do not have the genes necessary to generate 10 smell receptors in the nose.These receptors are the cells which sense smells and send 11 to the brain.However,it has been found that even people insensitive to a certain smell 12 can suddenly become

4、 sensitive to it when 13 to it often enough.The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that brain finds it 14 to keep all smell receptors working all the time but can 15 new receptorsifnecessary.This may 16 explain why weare not usually sensitiveto our own smells we simply do not needto

5、be.We are not 17 of the usual smell of our own house but we 18 new smells when we visit someone else's.The brain finds it best to keep smell receptors 19 forunfamiliar and emergency signals 20 the smell of smoke,which might indicate the danger of fire.1 .Aalthough Bas Cbut Dwhile2 .Aabove Bunlik

6、e Cexcluding Dbesides3 .Alimited Bcommitted Cdedicated Dconfined4 .Acatching Bignoring Cmissing Dtracking5 .Aanyway Bthough Cinstead Dtherefore6 .Aeven if Bif only Conly if Das if 7.Adistinguishing Bdiscovering Cdetermining Ddetecting8 .Adiluted Bdissolved Cdetermining Ddiffused9 .Awhen Bsince Cfor

7、Dwhereas10 .Aunusual Bparticular Cunique Dtypical 11.Asigns Bstimuli Cmessages Dimpulses 12.Aat first Bat all Cat large Dat times 13.Asubjected Bleft Cdrawn Dexposed14 .Aineffective Bincompetent CinefficientDinsufficient15 .Aintroduce Bsummon Ctrigger Dcreate16 .Astill Balso Cotherwise Dnevertheless

8、17 .Asure Bsick Caware Dtired18 .Atolerate Brepel Cneglect Dnotice19 .Aavailable Breliable©identifiable Dsuitable20 .Asimilar to Bsuch as Calong with Daside from专业技术.整理分享WOR除料.可编辑The homeless make up a growing percentage of America's population.1 _ homelessness has reached such proportions

9、that local government can't possibly 2.To help homeless people 3 independence,the federal government must support job training programs,4the minimum wage,and fund more low-cost housing.5 everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are . homeless.Estimates 6 anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million

10、.7 the figure may vary,analysts do agree on another matter:that the number of the homeless is 8,one of_ the federal government's studies 9 that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.Finding ways to 10 this growing homeless population has become increas

11、ingly difficult.11 whenhomeless individuals manage to find a 12 that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night,a good number still spend the bulk of each day 13 the street.Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs.And a significant number

12、of the homeless have serious mental disorders.Manyothers/ not addicted or mentallyill,simply lack the everyday 15 skills needed to turn their lives 16.Boston GJobe reporter Chris Reedy notes that the situation will improve only when there are 17 programs that address the many needs of the homeless.1

13、8 Edward Zlotkowski,director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts,19_it."There has to be 20 of programs.What we need is a package deal."1 .AIndeed BLikewise CTherefore DFurthermore2 .Astand Bcope Capprove Dretain3 .Ain Bfor Cwith Dtoward4 .Araise Badd Ctake Dkeep5 .AGen

14、erally BAlmost CHardly DNot6 .Acover Bchange Crange Ddiffer7 .ANow that BAlthough CProvided DExcept that8 .Ainflating Bexpanding Cincreasing Dextending9 .Apredicts Bdisplays Cproves Ddiscovers10 .Aassist Btrack Csustain Ddismiss11 .AHence BBut CEven DOnly12 .Alodging Bshelter Cdwelling Dhouse13 .Ase

15、arching Bstrolling Ccrowding Dwandering14 .Awhen Bonce Cwhile Dwhereas15 .Alife Bexistence Csurvival Dmaintenance16 .Aaround Bover Con Dup17 .Acomplex Bcomprehensive ©complementary Dcompensating18 .ASo BSince CAs DThus19 .Aputs Binterprets Cassumes Dmakes20 .Asupervision Bmanipulation ©reg

16、ulation Dcoordination专业技术.整理分享By 1830 the former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had become independent nations.The roughly 20 million 1 of these nations looked 2 to the future.Born in the crisisof the old regime andIberian Colonialism,many of the leaders of independence 3 the ideals of representati

17、ve governmentcareers4 to talent,freedomofcommerce and trade,the 5 to private property,and a belief in the individual as the basis of society.6 _ there was a belief that the new nations should be sovereign and independent states,large enough to be economically viable and integrated by a 7 set of laws

18、.On the issue of 8 of religion and theposition of thechurch,9jherewas less agreement 10 the leadership.RomanCatholicism had been the state religion and the only one 11 by the Spanish crown.12_most leaders sought to maintain Catholicism 13 the official religion of the new states,some sought to end th

19、e 14 of other faiths.The defense of the Church became a rallying 15 for the conservative forces.The ideals of the early leaders of independence were often egalitarian,valuing equality of everything.Bolivar had received aid from Haiti and had 16 in_return to abolish slavery in the areas he liberated.

20、By 1854 slavery had been abolished everywhereexceptSpain's 17 colonies.Early promises to end Indian tribute and taxes on people of mixed origin came much 18 because the new nations still needed the revenue such policies 19.Egalitarian sentiments were often tempered by fears that the mass of the

21、population was 20 self-rule and democracy.1.Anatives Binhabitants Cpeoples Dindividuals 2.Aconfusedly Bcheerfully Cworriedly Dhopefully 3.Ashared Bforgot Cattained Drejected 4.Arelated Bclose Copen Ddevoted 5.Aaccess Bsuccession Cright Dreturn 6.APresumable BIncidentally CObviously DGenerally 7.Auni

22、que Bcommon Cparticular Dtypical 8.Afreedom Borigin Cimpact Dreform 9.Atherefore Bhowever Cindeed Dmoreover 10.Awith Babout Camong Dby 11.Aallowed Bpreached Cgranted Dfunded 12.ASince BIf CUnless DWhile13 .Aas Bfor Cunder Dagainst14 .Aspread Binterference Cexclusion Dinfluence15 .Asupport Bcry Cplea

23、 Dwish16 .Aurged Bintended Cexpected Dpromised17 .Acontrolling Bformer Cremaining Doriginal18 .Aslower Bfaster Ceasier Dtougher19 .Acreated Bproduced Ccontributed Dpreferred20 .Apuzzled by Bhostile to Cpessimistic about Dunprepared forThe idea that some groups of people may be more intelligent than

24、others is one of those hypotheses that dare not speak itsname.ButGregory Cochran is 1 tosay it anyway.He is that 2 bird,a scientist who works independently 3 any institution.He helped popularize the idea that some diseases not 4 thought to have a bacterial cause were actually infections,which arouse

25、d much controversy when it was first suggested.5 he,however,might tremble at the 6 of what he is about to do.Together with another two scientists,he is publishing a paper which not only 7 that one group of humanity is more intelligent than the others,but explains the process that has brought this ab

26、out.The group in 8 are a particular people originated from central Europe.The process is natural selection.This group generally do well in IQ test,9 12-15 points_above the 10 value of 100,and have contributed 11 to the intellectual and cultural life of the West,as the 12 of their elites,including se

27、veral world-renowned scientists,13 _ hey also suffer more often than most people from a number of nasty genetic diseases,such as breast cancer.Thesefacts,14_ave previously been thoughtunrelated.The former has been 15 social effects,such as a strong tradition of 16 ucation.The latter was seen as a(an

28、)17 genetic isolation.Dr.Cochran suggests that the intelligence and diseases are intimately18 _ is argument is that the unusual history of these people has 19 em to unique evolutionary pressures that have resulted in this 20 ate_of affairs.1 .Aselected Bprepared Cobliged Dpleased2 .Aunique Bparticul

29、ar Cspecial Drare3 .Aof Bwith Cin Dagainst4 .Asubsequently Bpresently Cpreviously Dlately5 .AOnly BSo CEven DHence6 .Athought Bsight Ccost Drisk7 .Aadvises Bsuggests Cprotests Dobjects8 .Aprogress Bfact Cneed Dquestion9 .Aattaining Bscoring Creaching Dcalculating10 .Anormal Bcommon Cmean Dtotal11 .A

30、unconsciously Bdisproportionately Cindefinitely Dunaccountably12 .Amissions Bfortunes Cinterests Dcareers13 .Aaffirm Bwitness Cobserve Dapprove14 .Amoreover Btherefore Chowever Dmeanwhile15 .Agiven up Bgot over Ccarried on Dput down16 .Aassessing Bsupervising CadministeringDvaluing17 .Adevelopment B

31、origin Cconsequence Dinstrument18 .Alinked Bintegrated Cwoven Dcombined19 .Alimited Bsubjected ©converted Ddirected20 .Aparadoxical Bincompatible Cinevitable DcontinuousResearch on animal intelligence always makes me wonder just how smart humans are.1_ the fruit-fly experiments described in Car

32、l Zimmer's piecein the Science Times on Tuesday.Fruitflieswhowere taught to be smarter than the average fruit fly2 to liveshorter lives.This suggests that 3 bulbs burn longer,that there is an 4in not being too terrifically bright.Intelligence,it 5,is a high-priced option.It takes more upkeep,bur

33、ns more fuel and is slow 6 the starting line because it depends on learning-a 7 process-instead of instinct.Plenty of other species are able to learn,and one of the things they've apparently learned is when to 8.Is there an adaptive value to 9 intelligence?That's the question behind thisnew

34、research.I like it.Instead of casting a wistfulglance 10 at all the species we've leftin the dust I.Q.-wise,itimplicitly asks what the real 11 of our own intelligence might be.This is 12 the mind of every animal I've ever met.Research on animal intelligence also makes me wonder what experime

35、nts animals would 13 on humans if they had the chance.Every cat with an owner,14,is running a small scale study in operant conditioning.We believe that 15 animals ran the labs,they would test us to 16_the limits of our patience,our faithfulness,our memory for terrain.They would try to decide what in

36、telligence in humans is really 171not merely how much of itthere is.18,they would hope tostudy a 19_question:Are humans actually aware of the world they live in?20_ the results are inconclusive.1.ASuppose BConsider CObserve DImagine 2.Atended Bfeared Chappened Dthreatened 3.Athinner Bstabler Clighte

37、r Ddimmer 4.Atendency Badvantage Cinclination Dpriority 5.Ainsists on Bsums up Cturns out Dputs forward 6.Aoff Bbehind Cover Dalong 7.Aincredible Bspontaneous Cinevitable Dgradual 8.Afight Bdoubt Cstop Dthink 9.Ainvisible Blimited Cindefinite Ddifferent 10.Aupward Bforward Cafterward Dbackward 11.Af

38、eatures Binfluences Cresults Dcosts 12.Aoutside Bon Cby Dacross 13.Adeliver Bcarry Cperform Dapply14 .Aby chance Bin contrast Cas usual Dfor instance15 .Aif Bunless Cas Dlest16 .Amoderate Bovercome Cdetermine Dreach17 .Aat Bfor Cafter Dwith18 .AAbove all BAfter all CHowever DOtherwise19 .Afundamenta

39、l Bcomprehensive CequivalentDhostile20 .ABy accident BIn time CSo far DBetter stillIn 1924 America's NationalResearch Council sent two engineersto supervise a series ofindustrial experimentsat a largetelephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago.It hoped they would learn how st

40、op-floor lighting workers' productivity.Instead,the studies ended giving their name to the"Hawthorne effect",the extremely influential idea that the very to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the behaviorof the women in theHawthorne plant.A

41、ccording to of the experiments,their hourly output rose when lighting was increased,but also when it was dimmed.It did not what was done in the experiment;something was changed,productivity rose.A(n)that they were being experimented upon seemed to be to alter workers' behavior itself.After sever

42、al decades,the same data were to econometric the analysis.Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store the descriptions on record,no systematic was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let t

43、o interpretation of what happed.,lighting was always changed on a Sunday.When work started again on Monday,output rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days.,a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up

44、on Monday,workers to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case,before a plateau and then slackening off.This suggests that the alleged"Hawthorne effect"is hard to pin down.1 .Aaffected Bachieved Cextracted Drestored2 .Aat Bup Cwith Doff3 .Atruth Bsight Cact Dproof4 .Acontr

45、oversial Bperplexing Cmischievous Dambiguous5 .Arequirements Bexplanations Caccounts Dassessments6 .Aconclude Bmatter Cindicate Dwork7 .Aas far as Bfor fear that Cin case that Dso long as8 .Aawareness Bexpectation Csentiment Dillusion9 .Asuitable Bexcessive Cenough Dabundant10 .Aabout Bfor Con Dby11

46、 .Acompared Bshown Csubjected Dconveyed12 .Acontrary to Bconsistent with Cparallel withDpeculiar to13 .Aevidence Bguidance ©implication Dsource14 .Adisputable Benlightening CreliableDmisleading15 .AIn contrast BFor example CIn consequence DAs usual16 .Aduly Baccidentally Cunpredictably Dsuddenl

47、y17 .Afailed Bceased Cstarted Dcontinued20.Abreaking Bclimbing ©surpassing DhittingWOR除料.可编辑Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle viewed laughter as"abodily exercise precious to health. " But -_1 some claims tothe contrary, laughing probably has little influence on physical fitness. Lau

48、ghter does _2 short-term changes in the function ofthe heart and its blood vessels,3_ heart rate and oxygen consumption But because hard laughter is difficult to _4_, a good laugh is unlikely to have _5 benefits the way, say,walking or jogging does._6_, instead of straining muscles to build them, as

49、 exercise does, laughter apparently accomplishes the _7_, studies dating back to the 1930 ' s indicate that laughter_8 muscle s,decreasing muscle tone for up to 45 minutes after the laugh dies down.Such bodily reaction might conceivably help _9_the effects of psychological stress. Anyway, the ac

50、t of laughing probably does produce other types of 10 feedback, that improve anindividual ' s emotional state. _11 one classical theory ofemotion, our feelings are partially rooted 12 physicalreactions. It was argued at the end of the 19th century that humans do not cry 13 they are sad but they

51、become sad whenthe tears begin to flow.Although sadness also 14 tears, evidence suggests thatemotions can flow _15 muscular responses. In an experimentpublished in 1988,social psychologist Fritz Strack of the University of w u rzburg in Germany asked volunteers to _16 apen either with their teeth-th

52、ereby creating an artificial smile 一or with their lips, which would produce a(n) _17 expression.Those forced to exercise their smiling muscles 18 moreexuberantly to funny cartoons than did those whose mouths were contracted in a frown,19 that expressions may influenceemotions rather than just the ot

53、her way around.20_ , the physical act of laughter could improve mood. .1 .Aamong Bexcept Cdespite Dlike2 .Areflect Bdemand Cindicate Dproduce3 .Astabilizing Bboosting Cimpairing Ddetermining4 .Atransmit Bsustain Cevaluate Dobserve5 .Ameasurable Bmanageable Caffordable Drenewable6 .AIn turn BIn fact

54、CIn addition DIn brief7 .Aopposite Bimpossible Caverage Dexpected8 .Ahardens Bweakens Ctightens Drelaxes9 .Aaggravate Bgenerate Cmoderate Denhance10 .Aphysical Bmental Csubconscious Dinternal1J.AExcept for BAccording to CDue to DAs for12 .Awith Bon Cin Dat13 .Aunless Buntil Cif Dbecause14 .Aexhausts

55、 Bfollows Cprecedes Dsuppresses15 .Ainto Bfrom Ctowards Dbeyond16 .Afetch Bbite Cpick Dhold17 .Adisappointed Bexcited Cjoyful Dindifferent18 .Aadapted Bcatered Cturned Dreacted19 .Asuggesting Brequiring ©mentioning Dsupposing20 .AEventually BConsequently CSimilarly DConversely专业技术.整理分享The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have beco me animportant issue recently.Thecourt cannot _1_its l