[整理]二氧化碳物理性质.

1、二氧化碳（CO2相关物理性质概要:二氧化碳（CO2）相关物理性质英文名称 CARBON DIOXIDE又名碳酸气二氧化碳在常温常压下为无色而略带刺鼻气味和微酸味的气体。17世纪初，比利时化学家 J.B.Van. Helmont（1577 1644）在检测木炭燃烧和发酵过程的副产气时，发现CO2是一种与其他气体不同的气体。1757年，J.Black第一个应用定量的方法研究这种气体，由于它是固定在石灰石中的，所以定名他为固定空气”。此后，H.Cavendish 和J.Priestley 分别研究了固定空气”的性质。1773年，A.L.Lavoisier把碳放在氧气中加热，得到被它称为碳酸”的CO2

2、气体，测出质量组成为23.528.9%, 杨71.176 。 5% 。 1823 年，M.Faraday 发现。加压可以使CO2气体液化。1835年，M.Thilorier制得固态 CO?（干冰）。1884年，在德国建成第一家生产液态CO 2的工厂。在自然界，CO 2时最丰富的化学物质之一，为大气的一部分，也包含在某些天然气或油田伴生气中何以碳酸盐形成的矿石中。大气里含CO2位0.030.04% （体积），总量约 2.75 X 1012t,主要由含碳物质燃烧和动物的新陈代谢产生。在国民经济各部门，CO2有着十分广泛的用途。工业CO 2主要是从合成氨、氢气生产过程中的原料气、发酵气、石灰窑气、酸

3、中和气、乙烯氧化副反应气和烟道气等气体中提取和回收，其纯度不低于99.5%（体积）。一、分子特性1-3见表1表1性质数值性质数值分子式结构式相对分子质量离解常数键长,pm键能，kJ/molCO 2O=C=O44.0103.5 X10 -7 (18 )4.4 X10-11 (25 C)116531.4电离能，kJ/mol分子直径，nm摩尔体积（0 C ,0.10Mpa ） ,L生成自由能，kJ/mol通用气体常数（R）,MPa -m3/（kmol K）1330.50.35 0.5122.26-394.60.008314二、物理性质、热力学性质（一）特性参数1-3见表2表2性质数值性质数值熔点，C

4、沸点，C相对密度（空气=1 ）比容,m 3/kg绝热系数（K）-56.6(527Kpa )-78.5(升华)1.524(0 C ,1atm)1.522(21.1 C ,1atm)0.5059(0 C ,1atm)0.5457(21.1 C,1atm)1.295临界点：温度，C临界压力，MPa临界密度,kg/m 3气体密度，kg/m31 m 3气体生成液体体31.067.3824671.977 (0 C,1atm )1.833(21.1 C,1atm)1.56 (288K, 0.101MPa)积，L表3临界状态及标准状态下的部分参数7临界状态(31.06 C,7.382Mpa )标准状态(0 C

5、 ,1atm)性质数值性质数值玉缩系数0.315流体粘度，mPa s0.0138“差系数0.274定压比热，KJ/(Kg - K)0.85,心因子施体粘度，mPa s0.2250.0404定容比热，KJ/(Kg - K)0.661表4二氧化碳的亨利系数值 7温度，C数值，10 -6 mmHg温度，C数值，10 -6mmHg401.77502.15501.95602.59注：1mmHg=133.3Pa.表5二氧化碳的压缩系数4压力MPa温度c0204060801000.10131.0000-5.06620.10500.63360.74140.80680.84770.88327.59940.153

6、00.16770.54080.68950.76420.818410.13250.20200.21300.26950.54200.67490.754012.6660.24900.25900.29220.41820.58710.693215.1990.29500.30380.32880.39760.52600.642717.73190.34050.34710.36770.41450.50390.609020.26500.38500.39040.40780.44480.51050.596222.79810.43050.43370.44750.47760.52710.598425.33120.4740

7、0.47520.48670.51240.55190.611627.86440.51700.51670.52680.54730.58130.629530.39750.55950.55770.56570.58210.61100.651535.46380.64450.63830.64240.65430.67490.703840.53000.72800.71840.71790.72480.73940.760245.59620.80900.79670.79160.79450.80440.819150.66250.89050.87400.86350.86420.86940.8788表6液体二氧化碳密度-温

8、度对照表1-3温度c密度kg /m 3温度c一 .，3瓷度kg /m31.0463.9-12.5993.830.0596.4-15.01008.127.5661.0-17.51018.525.0705.8-20.01029.922.5741.2-22.51041.720.0770.7-25.01052.617.5795.5-27.51063.615.0817.0-30.01074.212.5838.5-32.51084.510.0858.0-35.01094.97.5876.0-37.51105.05.0893.1-40.01115.02.5910.0-42.51125.00.0924.0-4

9、5.01134.5-2.5940.0-47.51144.4-5.0953.0-50.01153.5-7.5968.0-55.01172.1-10.0980.8表7固体二氧化碳温度-密度对照表4温度c密度kg /m 3温度c一 .，3瓷度kg / m-56.61512-751557-601522-801566-651535-851575-701546-901782表 8 二氧化碳的粘度 (0.101325MPa,uX 10 6)4温度c粘度Pa s温度c粘度Pa s-1008.865016.07-7510.077517.16-5011.2610018.27-2512.4715020.45013.

10、6720022.542014.6325024.562514.8630026.46表9液体二氧化碳的粘度(Y1X106) 4温度c粘度Pa s温度c粘度Pa s0992071.2592.52562.51085.22953.91578.43053.0表10 二氧化碳在不同压力及温度下的粘度(ux 10 6,u=u t+5.25 X 10-3 p1.7 ,密度 0.63 X 10kg/m3 )压力MPa温度C0102030405060801001251502000.10114.014.414.815.215.716.116.517.418.319.420.422.42.02614.314.715.1

11、15.515.916.316.717.618.519.220.022.54.05315.715.916.216.616.917.318.018.819.620.322.76.08018.518.318.218.418.919.620.220.823.18.10624.221.220.520.320.621.021.523.610.13245.129.724.522.322.022.022.324.212.15942.128.624.724.123.423.424.914.18636.629.926.825.024.625.716.21244.434.929.827.127.626.718.23

12、838.633.229.227.727.620.26544.036.831.829.528.825.33144.638.134.431.930.39852.943.839.335.2（二）相变 1-3见表 口 .2.10-9表11性质数值性质数值三相点：升华状态：0.101Mpa温度，C-56.57温度，C-78.5压力,Mpa0.518升华热,kJ/Kg573.6汽化热，kJ/kg347固态密度，kg/m 31562熔化热，kJ/kg195.82气态密度，kg/m 32.814表12二氧化碳在不同温度下的汽化热4温度c汽化热kJ/kg温度c汽化热kJ/kg-56.57347.77-10261

13、.54-55345.18-5248.95-50337.060234.85-45328.825219.03-40320.4110201.21-35311.7515180.20-30302.8020155.23-25293.6325119.37-20283.633062.97-15270.04310.00表13 液体二氧化碳饱和蒸汽压温度c饱和蒸汽压KPa温度c饱和蒸汽压KPa温度c饱和蒸汽压KPa温度c饱和蒸汽压KPa-59465.96-361162.0-132430.2104501.4-58487.15-351203.8-122501.7114613.9-57509.05-341246.6-1

14、12574.7124728.5-56531.67-331290.4-102649.4134845.3-55555.05-321335.5-92725.5144964.4-54579.19-311381.6-82803.2155085.7-53604.10-301428.9-72882.7165209.3-52629.80-291477.5-62963.6175335.1-51656.30-281527.2-53046.3185463.5-50695.65-271578.3-43130.7195549.2-49711.8-261630.4-33216.7205727.4-48740.9-2516

15、83.9-23304.5215863.1-47770.7-241738.5-13394.0226001.4-46801.5-231794.603485.3236142.4-45833.3-221852.013578.4246286.1-44865.8-211910.623673.3256432.8-43899.4-201970.633769.9266582.1-42933.9-192032.043868.6276734.6-41969.4-182094.853969.1286890.1-401005.9-172159.064071.5297048.9-391043.4-162224.67417

16、6.0307210.9-381081.9-152291.784282.4317376.3-371121.5-142360.294390.8(三)工程量值1-3见表14表14性质数值性质数值气体粘度，mPa s0.0138(0 C ,0.101MPa)热导率52.75(0 ,表面张力,mN/m9.13(-25 C)0.101Mpa)/W/(m- K)比热容，kJ/(kg -K)(0 C,0.101MPa)折射率1.0004506(0,Cp0.8450.101MPa,入=546.1)Cv0.651表15 二氧化碳在 0.101325MPa下的导热系数温度c导热系数 mW/(m K)温度c导热系数

17、mW/(m K)-78.5-50.510.711.8013.9-14.4表16 二氧化碳在不同温度极压力下的导热系数mW/(m-K)温度c压力MPa0.10133.0405.0667.09310.13215.19920.265-758.7-5010.7-014.518.3-110.1112.8115.11015.418.8-104.0107.7110.820.16.019.324.1-97.0102.2106.43016.919.924.031.587.095.8101.24017.720.423.830.068.688.595.95018.520.924.029.044.779.889.91

18、0022.324.326.329.033.845.759.915026.327.929.431.434.544.049.420030.131.532.834.436.941.947.325034.035.136.337.739.543.748.130037.939.039.840.942.746.349.8(四)热力学参数1-3 见表17表17性质数值性质数值气体粘度，mPa s0.0138(0 C ,0.101MPa)热导率52.75(0 ,表面张力,mN/m9.13(-25 C)0.101Mpa)/W/(m-K)比热容，kJ/(kg -K)(0 C ,0.101MPa)折射率1.00045

19、06(0 ,Cp0.8450.101MPa,入=546.1)Cv0.651表18 气体二氧化碳的热容( KJ/Kmol C)压力温度Pa025501002003001.013X10 536.78137.60038.62840.27643.72046.5155.066X10 539.54639.54639.90441.01446.6951.013X10 643.30142.12241.75344.03046.9042.533X10 6一52.04648.18241.99244.38947.5645.0666X10103.633一61.06245.46748.6521.013X10 794.248

20、一45.27447.36451.1182.027X10 789.286106.039一52.02655.3813.040X10 784.50495.635120.60651.49761.44158.8554.053X10 779.90290.12599.69071.54567.09261.4415.066X10 776.04885.89293.43067.84162.7396.0807X1074.02183.86591.22384.23567.00263.1188.108X10 772.18481.65878.53366.12362.8921.013X10 871.44580.73186.26174.12164.95662.73983.13670.44764,20677.98165.29574.86063.818（五）溶解度表19 CO2在水中的溶解度对照表温度ca X102mL/mLq X102g/100g温度ca X102mL/mLq X102g/100g0171.333.461892.817.891164.632.131990.2