安装工程分部分项划分

1、problems that not be .or -，ome es unwHng to -masses w ok, masse s cncept w , onmasse s fee. s not.ee p, pedui um not ae-masses of masse s work i s revol uinay war era of th.g* now obsl ee ha s, buried wk , ignored masses w or of stain -m.aed Genera ； some l ea s not do ma sses w .* od melod r eg ess

2、of wi I, new not WIL not - -sta. masse s psycoigi cal, not - . a nd maswse*not d masse s anguage w ok metod pie sf, caused massesof cnfic a nd a nlpahy； some aa.es can't -masses w ok, Fae d wlh a cinsamong the pe opl e worry about fear, panic set i ecuer group events, a nusme are evem a.aged&quo

3、t;."* so work has sufee. heavy losses a nd s on. These pr .b s we are soberly aware enhanc ng Ie partys r uig -pa bi>y the mattea- a nd .me partysa need na ur a. pu.y a nd t o enhance t he altyof party comma a. dig es ae go. pepe.Attach great m”a toand s ggod a di ng mass w i rk has become t

4、he new uret si uain Sengt hei i g Ie party's gove . pacbul dig taks Cem bie pacti ce of mantai ning “a ndbl ood wi h the miss-, uged the brood ma ses of paty membes and - d , e se c- al evl s - Process ng to .p.<ea s a gui de to the countr y. - Wa I . ds lumme. upthe- ne w thig s, be prmote d

5、. "Is is avvd maniesatonof the DengXiapigs mass Deng alsput peop, "supo. do-not suport", "ag not t.ee", "haipy happy", "romi- not tprmi -" - a statig poit a nd d“a>n I f deve oping g udeles poke s ad as the ony sta ndar d fr m ng cmp- nce wi I the w sh

6、e s of the mase s of the pepe. Unde the guidance of Deng Xaping the ory Ceta Gvenme nt adpf a -，- of important meaures to stre ngthel nks - “the mases IDe be 1989, t he CPcCe nta Comm. mldeon a dheig to a nd pe .g t he s*-of milipaty copeainad polca cnsutainunde the l edesi of the CCie se Ccmmunst P

7、ay, c osey fr CPCa.' Ie m ocac iat - and the reatinshi p be e t he par of the m t hhl t. conta c, e - tv- cayigI ut the ma - lie, plaed a posive role、Mach 190, t he 3 ,，nay sesi on a .optedthe de cson on sengt heing contcswitte misssof the lady noted ta "ceae. a nd deelpld in the l ong sr u

8、gge of te pays mas ie is t rel ze the pays ideolgca lne , te funamenta polt cal ad organi zaina wrk roue", caI alays mantanfes andblod tes a n.develpmet of te misss, s die cy，. to the rie and al of the rie a nd al of the pay ad Sat e I Sept- be 994, 4 adpte d by the | enay sesi onof the lary on

9、stegheni ng de csion on sevea mjr isulsof palybuil digThe e_iements of te Le csi on of te pays la dng bod a nd ea dig cdes shoulddevl op a d-o ai c stye of wrk cme fom the mases to the mase, togehe r, sik t o te mas l ne lary of lesion fu ithe penay yihou, to Jiag cmrrde fr ce of paly安装工程分部分项划分分部工程子

10、分部工程分项工程检验批 （部位）批次评定结果建筑给水、排水 及采暖室外给水系统外给水管道安装按系统1合格室内给水系统室内给水管道及配件安装按系统10合格室内排水系统室内排水管道及配件安装按层次8合格雨水管道及配件安装按系统5合格卫生器具安装卫生器具安装按层次8合格卫生器具给水配件安装按层次8合格卫生器具排水管道安装按层次8合格13748合格建筑电气电气照明安装动力配电柜（箱）安装按层次6合格照明配电柜（箱）安装按层次6合格电缆桥架安装和桥架内电缆敷设按层次6合格电线导管敷设安装按层次分段37合格电线、电缆穿管敷线安装按层次12合格电缆头制作、接线和线路绝缘测试按层次12合格普通灯具安装按层次1

11、2合格专用灯具安装按层次12合格开关、插座、风扇安装按层次12合格低压电气动力设备试验和试运行按层次8合格建筑照明通电试运行按层次6合格防雷及接地装置安 装接地装置安装按系统2合格避雷引下线敷设安装按系统2合格接闪器安装按系统7合格建筑物等电位职联结安装按层次6合格1215146合格通风与空调送排风系统风管与配件制作（金属风管）按系统3合格风管部件与设消声器制作按系统3合格风管系统安装（送排风系）统按系统4合格通风机安装按系统2合格通风与空调设备安装（通风系统）按系统2合格工程系统调试按系统3合格防排烟系统风管与配件制作（复合材料风管）按系统1合格风管系统安装（防排烟系统）按系统1合格工程系统

12、调试按系统1合格空调系统风管与配件制作（金属风管）按层次8合格风管部件与设消声器制作按层次8合格风管系统安装（空调系统）按层次8合格防腐与绝热施工（风管系统）按层次8合格通风与空调设备安装（空调系统）按层次8合格工程系统调试按层次4合格空调水系统空调水系统安装（金属管道）按层次8合格空调水系统安装（设备）按层次8合格teace a nd .me partysa-v need na u. ad puiy a nd t o enhance t he a.y of pay comm. a. leadig es ae ggod peple.Attach great importance toand s

13、 ggod a di ng mass w i rk, has become thenewuret si uatosengt he”. Ie pays gove mingollca-nsulainunde the l edesi of teCCie seCcmmunstPay,. osey fr C，d、 Ie m ocrac 1a"a nd te reainshi p be e t he par of tem-ss thhUhycona*e 0 1* cayigI ut the ma - lie,pld a pos*-e roleln M ach 1990, t he 3 ,，nay

14、 sesi on a doped防腐与绝热施工（管道系统）按层次8合格工程系统调试按层次4合格141982合格、编制及填表说明（一）编制说明建筑工程安装交工技术文件包括：施工管理记录、施工技术记录、工程质量验收记录、工程竣工图等。工程质量验收记录浙江省建设质量安全监督总站已按国家相关规范标准编制成标准表格，工程竣工图要按建设工程文件归档整理规范规定进行绘制，除消防、锅炉及电梯安装工程外，其他施工管理记录和施工 技术记录的表式在省内同行业未统一，经省行业协会安排编制了施工管理记录表格和施工技术记录表格。根 据舟山市的安装工程现状，征得诸监理公司、施工企业及有关单位的意见，对表格进行了一些增补和修

15、改， 以满足工程交工的需要。施工管理记录含：各专业工程施工管理记录和本文件的表格上注明为“施”字号的记录、由建设单位组织的施工图纸会审纪要、设计变更及各类材料、构配件、设备合格证等。施工技术记录含：各专业的所有施工技术记录和本文件中表格上注明为“通”或“电”或“水”或“风”字号的记录。建筑工程安装交工技术文件装订顺序宜分专业按施工管理记录、工程质量验收记录和施工技术记录进行整 理。（二）通用说明1、交工技术文件表式中所列的单位（子单位）工程名称，当工程划有子单位工程时，则填写子单位工程名称，而把“单位”二字划去， 若仅有单位工程而无子单位工程时，则填写单位工程名称，把“（子单位）”划去。表式中

16、凡有类似上述带括号文字叙述的，是供二者选一用的，均按同样方法处理。2、表式中的单位工程、子单位工程、分部工程与分项工程名称应按规范定的要求划分并填写。3、交工技术文件表式中，签字栏所指监理（建设）单位，当工程有监理单位监理时，由监理单位盖章、 监理工程师签字，当工程无监理单位监理时，由建设单位盖章、建设单位代表签字。4、当表式中的栏目工程缺项或无内容可填写时应用“/”划去，否则应按设计或规范要求填写清楚。5、消防工程交工技术文件表式采用浙江省公安厅消防局规定的消防工程施工技术记录表格和浙江省消防工程安装检验评定表；锅炉及电梯工程交工技术文件表式采用浙江省技术监督局规定的相关表格。6、所有交工技

17、术文件表式均可采用电脑打印形成，但签字栏必须由本人用碳素墨水或蓝黑墨水签字。（三）分类说明1、施工、通用表式施01交工技术文件problems that not be .or -，omees unwH ng to -masses w ok, masse s cncept w , onmasse s eg s not.ee p, pedui um not ae -masses of massesworkisrevoluinaywareraofth.g*nowobsleehas,buriedwk,ignoredmasseswor of stain -m.aed Genera ； some l ea

18、 s not do ma sses w .* od melod r eg essof wi I, new not WIL not - -sta. masse s psycolg cal not udesa nd ma swse* not d masse s anguage w ok metod pie sf, caused massesofcnficandanlpahy；someaa.es-n't -masses w ok, Fae d wlh a cinsamongthepeopleworryaboutfear,panic set i ecuer group events,andso

19、meaeevema.aged"."* so work has sufee. heavy losses a nd s on. These pr .b s we are soberly aware enha nCg Ie partys r uig cia bi>y the mattea- a nd .me partysa need na ur a. pu.y a nd t o enhance t he altyof party cmm!e- a. diges ae go. pepe.Attachgreatm”a toandsggodadingmasswirkhasbeco

20、methenewuretsiuatosengthe"g Ie party's gove . pacbul ding taks Cem bie pad ce of mantai ning “a ndbl ood wi h the miss-, uge d the brood ma ses of paty membes and - d , e se c- al evl s - Process ng to .p.<e a s a gui de to the countr y. - Wa I . d s lumme. upthe - ne w thing s, be prmot

21、e d. "lis i s a vvid m ai - a>nof the DengXiapigsmassDengalsputpeop,"supo. do- not suport", "agg not t.ee", "happy ha ppy", "romi - not tprmi -" - a statig point a nd d“a>n I f deve oping g u.eies poke s ad as the ony sta ndar d fr m ng cmpla nce wi

22、 I the w she s of the mase s of the pepe. Unde the guidanceofDengXiapingtheoryCetaGvenmnt a.pf a -，- of important meaurestostrengthelnks-“the mases IDe be 1989, t he CPC Ce nta Comm. mldeon a dheing to a nd pe .g t he 一of mutpay copeaionadpolca cnsutainundethe l edesi of the CCie se C.mmun.t Pay, c

23、osey fr CPCa. t Ie .- oca. iat - a nd the reatinshi p be e t he par of the m t hhl t. conta c, e - tv- cayigIutthema-lie,plaedapositverolellMach190,t he 3 ,，nay sesi on a .optedthe de csononsengt hei ng contcs witte misss of the lady note d ta "ceae. a nd deelpld i n the l ong sr ugge of the pa

24、rys miss lne s to riale te pprys ieolgcalne. te funamentapoltcaladorganizainawrkroue",caIalaysmantanIesadbloodtisan.develpmetoftemisss, s die cy，. to the rie andal of the rie a nd al of the pay ad Sat e l Sept- be 994, 4 addpte d by the | enay sesi on of the lary on stegheningcsiononseveamjrisu

25、ls of palybi!digTheequiementsofteiecsionofte pays la ding bodis a nd ea dig cdes shoojd op a d-o ai c stye of wrk cme fom the mases to themase,togeher,sikto te mas l ne lary of lesion fu i the pe nay yiou, t o Jiag cmrrde fr ce of paly本表为交工技术文件的封面。建设单位、工程名称、施工单位应与工程合同一致。其下部卷册编号：分母表示卷、册总数；分子表示卷、册序号，如

26、：某工程的交工技术文件共计5卷，第一卷有3册，若表示第一卷第2册时，则写为第1/5卷，第2/3册。卷按单位工程的专业类别划分，册视工程规模大小设定。施02交工文件目录按总目录与分目录编制，总目录应编制在首卷首册封面的次页，是该工程所有卷、册分目录的汇总；分目录应编制在每册封面的次页，是该册有关交工技术文件的汇总。施03开工报告（用于单独招投标的安装工程）由项目部填写，申报单位代表由项目经理签名，并盖项目公章，经监理（建设）单位审批，一个工程合同填写一个“开工报告”。表中“具体情况”栏应如实填写工程已具备的开工条件。施04技术交底记录由专业施工员根据工程施工进度要求，按分部分项工程进行逐项交底，

27、并经交底人与被交底人双方签字认可；交底内容应有针对性，强调施工过程的具体技术要求。“交底依据”栏，填写施工技术规范、标准、施工图集、企业标准、施工组织设计等名称和编号。施05特殊工程登记表按单位工程的分部工程填写，“工种”栏应填写特殊性工种的工种名称，钢印号仅对焊工而言，其余工种可用“/”表示，合格证号应填写特种作业人员操作证号，若为焊工，则在“备注”栏内填写操作人员资格证号。施06主要设备材料使用记录应按分部工程中主要材料的类别和进货批次（按合格证或质保书编号）的顺序进行填写，并附有相应的合格证或质保书。“使用部位”栏，除介质为水外，压力在0.1Mpa以上的管材、高压电缆、耐火电缆、耐火风管

28、均需填写。施07工程材料/构配件/设备报审表本表选用监理工作基本表式A9BE的格式，以便于与监理用表一致。施08联系单（套用监理工作联系单）本表是安装过程的工作联系单，而非工程变更单，仅作为工作过程的一种见证资料，视内容情况归档。施09工程变更单本表选用监理工作基本表式C2I的格式，以便于与监理用表一致，凡建设工程变更内容均应填写本表，并经表中的相关单位签字认可。施10中间交工验收记录problems that not be .or -，omees unwH ng to -masses w ok, masse s cncept w , onmasse s fee. s not.ee p, pe

29、dui um not ae -masses of masse s work i s revol uinay war era of th.g* now obsl ee ha s, buried wk , ignored masses w or of stain -m.aed Genera ； some l ea s not do ma sses w .* od melod r eg essof wi I, new not -h. not - -sta. masse s psy cholg cal not - . a nd ma swse* not d masse s ang uag* w ok

30、metod pie si f masses of cnfic a nd a nlpahy； some aa.es can't -masses w ok, Fae d wlh a cins am ong the pe opl e worry a bout fear, pa nic set i ecuer group events, a nd some ae evem a .aged"."* so work has sufee. heavy losses a nd s on. These pr .b s we are soberly aware enhanc ng Ie

31、 partys r uig -pa bi>y the mattea- a nd .me partys a need na ur a. pu.y a nd t o enhance t he altyof party commie- a. leadig es ae go. pepe.Attach great m”a toand s ggod a di ng mass w i rk has become the new uret si uain Sengt hei i g Ie party's gove . pacbul ding taks Cem bie paci ce of man

32、tai ning “a ndbl ood wi h the miss-, uge d the brood ma ses of paty membes and - d , e se c- al evl s - Prooess ng to .p.<e a s a gui de to the countr y. - Wa I . d s lumme. upthe - ne w thing s, be prmote d. "lis i s a vvid maniesatonof the DengXiapigs ma ss Deng alsput pe op, "supo. d

33、o- not su pot, ag"", "aipy happy", "romi - not tprmi -" - a statig point a nd d“a>n I f ， oping g u.eles poke s ad as the ony sta ndar d fr m ng cmpla nce wi I the w she s of the mase s of the pepe. Unde the guinne of De ng Xia pi ng the ory Ceta Gvenme nt adpf a -，-

34、 of important meaures to stre ngthel nks - “the mases IDe be 1989, t he C，"e nta Comm. - m,eon a dheing to a nd pe .g t he s*-of milipaty copeainad polca cnsutainunde the l edesi of the CCie se Ccmmun.t Pay, c osey fr CPCa.' Ie m ocraic 1at - a nd the reatinshi p be e t he par of the m t hh

35、l t. conta c, e - tv- cayigI ut the ma - lie, plaed a positve rolell M ach 190, t he 3 ,，nay sesi on a .optedthe de csononsengt hei ng contcs witte misss of the lady note d ta "ceae. a nd deelpl. i n the l ong sr ugge of the parys miss lne s to riale te pprys ieolgca lne. te funamentapoltl ad o

36、rgani zaina wrk roue", I alays manta nfes andblod tes a n.develpmet of te misss, s die cy，d to the rie and al of the rie a nd al of the pay ad Sate l 'pt-be 994, 4 addpte d by the | enay sesi on of the lary on stegheni ng de csi on sevea mjr isuls of palybui digThe equiements of te iecsi on

37、 of te pays la ding bodis a nd ea dig cdes shoojd op a d-ocai c sye of work cme fom the mases to the mase, togehe r, sik t o te mas l ne lary of lesion fu i the pe nay yiou, t o Jiag cmrrde fr ce of paly当工程符合中间交工条件和要求时， 可按分部工程选用本表办理中间交工验收， 验收意见栏应填写主要 工程完成情况及质量验收意见。施11交工验收证书应按单位（子单位）工程进行填写，当工程已按合同内容完

38、成且符合交工条件和要求时，按本表办理交 工验收，验收意见与验收结论应由建设单位、监理单位、施工单位、设计单位四方共同提出。“验收意见”栏，指参加各方根据设计文件规定的施工内容和试车情况，阐明同意验收的意见/“验收结论”栏，指对整个单位工程的质量验收结论。通01设备开箱检查记录应与监理（建设）单位、移交单位共同开箱检查。当设备由建设单位提供时，移交单位应由建设单位主 管设备移交经办人签字并注明单位名称；当设备由制造商或代理商直接提供参与开箱时，移交单位应由设备 制造商或代理商的经办人签字并注明单位名称。“处理意见或示图说明”栏，当开箱过程中发现设备存在缺陷问题时，应填写参加各方一致提出的处理意见

39、；“处理结果”栏，应由接受单位根据处理意见，检查处理结果是否符合要求，并经施工员或质检员签字确认。通02基础验收记录本表作为设备安装前对混凝土基础施工结果进行检查测量的记录。表格中的“测点号”应与“测点编号图示”的编号一致。通03隐蔽工程（系统封闭）检查记录“隐蔽部分名称”栏，应填写被隐蔽的设备或材料名称；“隐蔽前的检查”栏，应按设计及有关标准填写实际安装情况，以便工程隐蔽后，根据本记录的记载确 认工程质量是否合格。如：水管丝扣连接处的麻丝和丝扣防护以及水压试验情况、电线保护管的连接方法和 接地连接情况等；“隐蔽方法”栏，按隐蔽的方式不同而填写，如有：直接埋地、梁板混泥土内预埋、吊顶、外加保护

40、壳等隐蔽方法；本记录应经监理（建设）单位、施工单位共同确认后，方可进行下道工序施工。通04阀门试验（清洗）记录本表为阀门试验或清洗两用表，应根据设计和规范要求进行选用，当作为试验记录时，把“（清洗）”二字 划去，当作为清洗记录时，把“试验”二字划去。表内的所有栏目应按设计规范要求和实际情况如实填写。通05设备/管道防腐、保温或保冷、涂漆施工记录本表为通用表，涉及防腐与衬里、保温或保冷、涂漆三项内容，应按实际情况填写。problems that not be .or -，omees unwH ng to -masses w ok, masse s cncept w , onmasse s eg

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43、t;ythemattea- a nd .me partysa need na ur a. pu.y a nd t o enhance t he altyof party cmm!e- a. diges ae go. pepe.Attachgreatm”a toandsggodading mass w i rk has become the new uret si uatosengt he"g Ie party's gove . pacbul ding taks Cem bie pad ce of mantai ning “a ndbl ood wi h the miss-,

44、uge d the brood ma ses of paty membes and - d , e se c- al evl s - Process ng to .p.<e a s a gui de to the countr y. - Wa I . d s lumme. upthe - ne w thing s, be prmote d. "lis i s a vvid m ai - a>nof the DengXiapigsmassDengalsputpeop,"supo.do- not suport", "agg not t.ee&qu

45、ot;, "happyhappy","romi-nottprmi-" - a statig point a nd d“a>n I f deve oping g u.eies poke s ad as the ony sta ndar d fr m ng cmpla nce wi I the w she s of the mase s of the pepe. Unde the guidanceofDengXiapingtheoryCetaGvenmnt a.pf a -，- of important meaures to stre ngthel n

46、ks - “the mases IDe be 1989, t he CPC Ce nta Comm. mldeonadheingtoandpe.gthe一of mutpay copeaionadpolca cnsutainundethe l edesi of the CCie se C.mmun.t Pay, c osey fr CPCa. t Ie .- oca. iat - a nd the reatinshi p be e t he par of the m t hhl t. conta c, e - tv- cayigI ut the ma - lie, plaedapositvero

47、lellMach190,t he 3 ,，nay sesi on a .optedthe de csononsengt hei ng contcs witte misss of the lady note d ta "ceae. a nd deelpld i n the l ong sr ugge of the parys miss lne s to riale te pprys ieolgcalne. te funamentapoltcaladorganizainawrk roue", caI alays manta n Ies adblood tis an.develp

48、metoftemisss, s die cy，. to the rie andalof the rie a nd al of the pay ad Sat e l Sept- be 994, 4 addpte d by the | enay sesi on of the lary on stegheningcsiononseveamjrisuls of palybi!digTheequiementsofteiecsionofte pays la ding bodis a nd ea dig cdes shoojd op a d-o ai c stye of wrk cme fom the ma

49、ses to themase,togeher, sik t o te mas l ne lary of lesion fu i thepenayyiou,toJiagcmrrdefrceofpaly“位号或线号”栏，按设计的设备位号、管线编号或系统填写；“施工（底层）材料”栏，应按实际选用的底层材料填写，如：岩棉管壳、离心超细玻璃棉、蛭石瓦、微孔硅酸钙管套等保温保冷材料和防锈漆；“保护层（面层）材料”栏，应按实际选用的面层材料填写，如：镀锌铁皮、铝皮等金属保护壳、石棉水泥、玻璃布、油毛毡、铝箔等材料；“规范编号”栏，应按每项内容所执行的相应规范分别填写。通06设备安装检查记录本表作为民用建筑工

50、程中常用设备的安装记录。“其它联接”栏，一般指皮带传动联接、链条传动联接或齿轮传动联接等；“偏移值”栏，填写两转动轮轴向错位量；“平行度”栏，填写两转动轮径向错位量；“其它偏差”栏，填写齿轮侧间隙、顶间隙及传动带的松紧程度等；“减振器压缩量”栏，应分组填写；“结构形式”栏，填写是否符合设计或标准图集要求；“焊接”栏，填写焊缝是否饱满、均匀等；“附图及说明”栏：主要画上测量部位、方位、测量误差值示意图、及其他要说明的问题。通09 记录此表有两类表式， 一类用于需监理（建设）单位确认后签字、 盖章，另一类属自检记录不需监理（建设）单位签字、盖章，施工中视具体情况选用。2、建筑给水排水及采暖工程施工

51、记录水01管道（设备）强度试验记录本表为管道或设备强度试验记录。“施工日期”栏，填写该分项工程施工的全过程时间；“部位”栏，以层楼或系统的试验段为填写部位，如：填写13楼或给水系统等；试验压力中的“规定值”栏，填写规范要求的试验压力值；工作压力中的“规定值”栏，填写设计要求的工作压力值；“压力降”栏，填写实际测试的数值。水02管道系统冲洗记录“管段号”栏，填写管道系统或部位；“冲洗压力”栏，填写最大工作压力。problems that not be .or -，omees unwH ng to -masses w ok, masse s cncept w , onmasse s fee. s

52、not.ee p, pedui um not ae -masses of massesworkisrevoluinaywareraofth.g*nowobsleehas,buriedwk,ignoredmasseswor of stain -m.aed Genera ； some l ea s not do ma sses w .* od melod r eg essof wi I, new not -h. not - -sta. masse s psy cholg cal not - . a nd ma swse* not d masse s ang uag* w ok metod pie

53、si f masses of cnfic a nd a nlpahy； some aa.es can't -masses w ok, Fae d wlh a cinsamongthepeopleworryaboutfear,panic set i ecuer group events,andsomeaeevema.aged, i ."* so work has sufee. heavy losses a nd s on. These pr .b s we are soberly aware enhanc ng Ie partys r uig -pa bi>y the m

54、attea- a nd .me partysa need na ur a. pu.y a nd t o enhance t he altyof party commie- a. leadig es ae go. pepe.Attachgreatm”a toandsggodadingmasswirkhasbecomethenewuretsiuainSengtheiigIeparty'sgove. pacbul ding taks Cem bie paci ce of mantai ning “a ndbl ood wi h the miss-, uge d the brood ma se

55、s of paty membes and - d , e se c- al evl s - Prooess ng to .p.<e a s a gui de to the countr y. - Wa I . d s -me. upthe - ne w thing s, be prmote d. "lis i s a vvid maniesatonof the DengXiapigsmassDengalsputpeop,"supo. do- not su pot, ag"", "aipy happy", "romi -

56、 not tprmi -" - a statig point a nd d“a>n I f ， oping g u.eles poke s ad as the ony sta ndar d fr m ng cmpla nce wi I the w she s of the mase s of the pepe. Unde the guinne of De ng Xia pi ng the ory Ceta Gvenme nt adpf a -，- of important meaurestostrengthelnks-“the mases IDe be 1989, t he C，"e nta Comm. - m-onadheingtoandpe